measurement challenges for the growth of the hydrogen
TRANSCRIPT
Measurement Challenges for the Growth of the Hydrogen Economy
: Perspective from KRISS
APMP Focus Group of Energy Efficiency Workshop 2019
Woong KANG
Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science
I Introduction
Hydrogen Flow metering
Hydrogen Stations in Korea
Research on Hydrogen Flow in KRISS
II
III
IV
Contents
1I. Introduction
Step I Hydrogen from the tanks and oxygen are sent to the Fuel Cell stack
Step II Chemical reaction in FC stack generate power, producing electricity & water
Step III Electricity is sent to the motor, giving the vehicle emission free drive
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle
Introduction
1I. Introduction
Courtesy of Toyota
ISO 19880-1
• Pressure range : 25 MPa – 100 MPa (Normal, 70MPa)• Temperature range : -40 °C – +80 °C• Flowrate range : up to 1 – 4 kg/min• Dispensing duration : 3 – 5 min
Hydrogen Flow Metering in Dispenser of Hydrogen Station
Introduction
1I. Introduction
1
JAE 2601
• Hydrogen fueling into hydrogen vehicle via dispenser in the station• Wide pressure range, rapidly-changing temperature → limitation of conventional metering
• Flow metering of dispenser in the station vs Storage tank in the hydrogen vehicle• No Available Traceable methods and national standard for reliable hydrogen fuel metering
Introduction
I. Introduction
Pressure in the vehicle tank
Temperature in the vehicle tank
Hydrogen Flow Metering in Dispenser of Hydrogen Station
I Introduction
Hydrogen Flow metering
Hydrogen Stations in Korea
Research on Hydrogen Flow in KRISS
II
III
IV
Contents
1
Hydrogen Stations in Korea
Operation 20 Hydrogen stations (2019 year), Scheduled to be installed 1400 stations up to 2040 year
1II. Hydrogen Station in Korea
Classified into 6 types depending on the type of hydrogen station
Research work IHydrogen Supply System
1II. Hydrogen Station in Korea
• In Korea Mostly, Tube-trailer by compressed gas truck
1. Pipeline Type
4. LPG Reforming 6. Water Electrolysis 5. CNG Reforming
2. Tube Trailer
Pipe lineHydrogen Production
Hydrogen Station
3. Package Type
Tube TrailerHydrogen Production
Hydrogen Station
Hydrogen Production
Hydrogen Station
Transport
LPGTransport LPG
ReformingHydrogen
Station
City GasPipeline CNG
ReformingHydrogen
Station
ElectricityGird Water
ElectrolysisHydrogen
Station
Research work IHydrogen Station Demonstration Case
Operation of Hydrogen Station
1II. Hydrogen Station in Korea
Hyundai Motors, Hydrogen FuelCell Electricity Vehicle
Fueling Method into the Hydrogen vehicle
1II. Hydrogen Station in Korea
700 bar, Fueling hydrogen mass 5.6kg
HYUNDAI TUCSON IX 2013 HYUNDAI NEXO 2018
Type IV, 52L X 3, 111kg
700 bar, Fueling hydrogen mass 6.3kg
Type IV, 40L, 37kg Type IV, 100L, 85kg
• Ultralight weight composite material(ILZIN Composites)
Research work IIIHydrogen Storage Tank (Type 4)
Fueling Method into the Hydrogen vehicle
1II. Hydrogen Station in Korea
IR Communication through nozzle during hydrogen fueling process (SAE J2799)
Fueling Method into the Hydrogen vehicle
1II. Hydrogen Station in Korea
• State of Charge
Pressure &TemperatureIn the tank
• The ratio of tank hydrogen density to the density at NWP rated at the standard(15°C)
• How much hydrogen is fueled in the tank of vehicle
State of Charge (SOC)
Fueling Method into the Hydrogen vehicle
1II. Hydrogen Station in Korea
Fueling Method into the Hydrogen vehicle
Discrepancy between Dispenser(Station) and SOC(Vehicle)
Dispenser - Flowmeter
?
Hydrogen Vehicle – State of Charge
Fueling Method into the Hydrogen vehicle
1II. Hydrogen Station in Korea
Which one is reliable when flow metering in the hydrogen station ?
I Introduction
Hydrogen Flow metering
Hydrogen Stations in Korea
Research on Hydrogen Flow in KRISS
II
III
IV
Contents
1
Chungnam Naepo Station→ Kwangshin Machine Ind.
Changwon Palyong station→ Linde
Yangjae, Namyang Station(Hyundai Motors)→ Kraus, HYOSUNG
Hydrogen Flowmeter for dispenser
Hydrogen Flow Metering
1III. Hydrogen Flow Metering
Chungnam Naepo Station→ Kwangshin Machine Ind.
Changwon Palyong station→ Linde
Yangjae, Namyang Station(Hyundai Motors)→ Kraus, HYOSUNG
Hydrogen Flowmeter for dispenser
Hydrogen Flow Metering
1III. Hydrogen Flow Metering
Coriolis mass flowmeter→ Rehonik(Germany)
Coriolis mass flowmeter→ Rehonik(Germany)
Coriolis mass flowmeter→ KOBOLD (Germany)
Principle of Coriolis mass flow meter
Hydrogen Flow Meter
• Measure the change due to the Coriolis force acting on a rotating object• Coriolis force in the swinging tube with water flow is proportional to mass flowrate• Directly measure mass flow rate, not the volume flow rate1III. Hydrogen Flow Metering
Principle of Coriolis mass flow meter
Hydrogen Flow Meter
• Measure the change due to the Coriolis force acting on a rotating object• Coriolis force in the swinging tube with water flow is proportional to mass flowrate• Directly measure mass flow rate, not the volume flow rate1III. Hydrogen Flow Metering
No Flow Flow
Coriolis mass flow meter(RHEONIK) in Hydrogen dispensers of Korea
Hydrogen Flow Meter
1III. Hydrogen Flow Metering
Calibration method of Coriolis mass flow meter→Calibration with Water of ambient pressure and temperature
Hydrogen Flow Calibration
1III. Hydrogen Flow Metering
I Introduction
Hydrogen Flow metering
Hydrogen Stations in Korea
Research on Hydrogen Flow in KRISS
II
III
IV
Contents
1
Performance test of Coriolis mass flow meter
Research on Hydrogen Flow Measurement
1IV. KRISS Research for Hydrogen flow measurement
Working ConditionEffect Test
Calibration methodDevelopment
1. Density effectwith Air
2. Pressure effectwith Water
3. GravimetricStandards
• Pressure: 700 bar• Flowrate: up to 5 kg/min
Air
Density effect with alternative gas (air)
Research on Hydrogen Flow Measurement
1IV. KRISS Research for Hydrogen flow measurement
• Pressure: 700 bar• Flowrate: up to 5 kg/min
1. Density effectwith Air
2017년 연구 수행 내용 IIDensity effect of Coriolis meter
KRISS High-Pressure Gas Flow Standard System
1IV. KRISS Research for Hydrogen flow measurement
2017년 연구 수행 내용 IIDensity effect of Coriolis meter
Air 40 bar density matching with sonic nozzle (ref.)
1IV. KRISS Research for Hydrogen flow measurement
Coriolis meter
Sonic nozzle1.4mm2.0mm 2.9mm
2017년 연구 수행 내용 IIDensity effect of Coriolis meter
Air 40 bar density matching with sonic nozzle (ref.)
1IV. KRISS Research for Hydrogen flow measurement
2017년 연구 수행 내용 IIDensity effect of Coriolis meter
Air 40 bar density matching with sonic nozzle (ref.)
1IV. KRISS Research for Hydrogen flow measurement
Maximum error 1% different with the results of calibration by water
Performance test of Coriolis mass flow meter
Research on Hydrogen Flow Measurement
1IV. KRISS Research for Hydrogen flow measurement
• Pressure: 700 bar• Flowrate: up to 5 kg/min
Working ConditionEffect Test
Calibration methodDevelopment
1. Density effectwith Air
2. Pressure effectwith Water
3. GravimetricStandards
2017년 연구 수행 내용 IIPressure effect of Coriolis meter
KRISS Water Flow Standard System
1IV. KRISS Research for Hydrogen flow measurement
2. Pressure effectwith Water
2017년 연구 수행 내용 IIPressure effect of Coriolis meter
KRISS High-Pressure Test Rig by Water up to 700 bar
High pressure pump(700 bar)
Pressure Control Valve (700bar → 2bar)
Heat Exchanger
DUT Coriolis meter(700 bar)
REF Coriolis meter (2bar): Calibrated by KRISS Liquid Flow Standard
Storage Tank
1IV. KRISS Research for Hydrogen flow measurement
2017년 연구 수행 내용 IIPressure effect of Coriolis meter
KRISS High-Pressure Test Rig by Water up to 700 bar
1IV. KRISS Research for Hydrogen flow measurement
High pressure Pump (700 bar)DUT Coriolis meter
(700 bar)REF Coriolis meter (2bar)
: Calibrated by KRISS Liquid Flow Standard
Pressure Control Valve (700bar → 2bar)
2017년 연구 수행 내용 IIPressure effect of Coriolis meter
Pressure effect test by Water 1 bar up to 700 bar
1IV. KRISS Research for Hydrogen flow measurement
Performance test of Coriolis mass flow meter
Research on Hydrogen Flow Measurement
1IV. KRISS Research for Hydrogen flow measurement
Working ConditionEffect Test
Calibration methodDevelopment
1. Density effectwith Air
2. Pressure effectwith Water
3. GravimetricStandards
• Pressure: 700 bar• Flowrate: up to 5 kg/min
2017년 연구 수행 내용 IIDevelopment of calibration method
Mobile Gravimetric Standard to calibration and verification in Station
1IV. KRISS Research for Hydrogen flow measurement
Calibration methodDevelopment
3. GravimetricStandards
2017년 연구 수행 내용 IIDevelopment of calibration method
Mobile Gravimetric Standard to calibration and verification in Station
1IV. KRISS Research for Hydrogen flow measurement
Calibration methodDevelopment
3. GravimetricStandards
Hydrogen Storage Tank
Weighing Scalekg
Receptacle
Coriolis Flowmeter
kg
2017년 연구 수행 내용 IIKRISS Hydrogen Field Test Standard - Design
1IV. KRISS Research for Hydrogen flow measurement
Gravimetric method for Hydrogen Flow
① Hydrogen Storage Tank
② Weighing Scale
③ Receptacle
④ Coriolis Mass Flowmeter
⑤ Vent system⑥ Purging system⑦ Transport⑧ DAQ
Type IV, 52L T
P
T
P
T
P
Valve
Valve
Valve
Weighing Scalekg
Valve
CheckValve
T
P
kg
Valve
Valve
P reliefValve
CheckValve
Valve
Valve
Valve
CheckValve
H2
①
②
③
④
⑤
⑥
⑦
2017년 연구 수행 내용 IIKRISS Hydrogen Field Test Standard
1IV. KRISS Research for Hydrogen flow measurement
Gravimetric method for Hydrogen Flow
① Hydrogen Storage Tank
② Weighing Scale
③ Receptacle
④ Coriolis Mass Flowmeter
⑤ Vent system⑥ Purging system
⑦ Transport
⑧ DAQ
①
②
③
④
⑥
⑤
⑦
⑧
2017년 연구 수행 내용 IIPerformance Test of KRISS Hydrogen Field Test StandardNot Hydrogen Gas, with Nitrogen Gas (100 bar)
1IV. KRISS Research for Hydrogen flow measurement
Gravimetric method for Hydrogen Flow
Pressure at Tank(Bar)
Mass flowrate of Coriolis Flowmeter(kg/s)
Time(Min:Sec)
Time(Min:Sec)
2017년 연구 수행 내용 IIPerformance Test of KRISS Hydrogen Field Test StandardNot Hydrogen Gas, with Nitrogen Gas (100 bar)
1IV. KRISS Research for Hydrogen flow measurement
Gravimetric method for Hydrogen Flow
Mass flowrate of Coriolis Flowmeter(kg/s)
Time(Min:Sec)
Time(Min:Sec)
Mass of Weighing scale(kg)
Mass of Coriolis Flowmeter(kg)
2017년 연구 수행 내용 IIHydrogen Station Field Test (USA, JAPAN)
1
Gravimetric method for Hydrogen Flow
IV. KRISS Research for Hydrogen flow measurement
NREL
IWATANI
Performance test of Coriolis mass flow meter
Research on Hydrogen Flow Measurement
1IV. KRISS Research for Hydrogen flow measurement
Working ConditionEffect Test
Calibration methodDevelopment
1. Density effectwith Air
2. Pressure effectwith Water
3. GravimetricStandards
• Pressure: 700 bar• Flowrate: up to 5 kg/min