measles
Post on 19-Dec-2015
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Measles
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Measles_virus.JPG
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MORBILLIVIRUS Infection of the
respiratory system
Paramyxovirus
Negative-sense single-stranded RNA
Envelope virus
http://www.nature.com/nsmb/journal/v14/n12/images/nsmb1342-F1.jpg
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MEASLES IN THE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Vaccinations MMR ~ 18 months 2nd Dose ~ 4-5 years
Fatality Rate: 3 deaths/1000 cases 0.3% fatality
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MEASLES IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
WHO recommends two dosages: 6 & 9 months
HIV Infection
Fatality Rate: Can be as high as
28%!
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What’s the problem?
Why is there such a high fatality rate in the developing countries?
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NO IMMUNIZATION! “[Measles] is a highly contagious viral
infection that kills more children than any other vaccine preventable disease” - UNICEF
Lack of immunization due to three things:PovertyPoor health systemsLack of information
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How is measles transmitted?
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TRANSMISSION Highly contagious
Can infect 90% of people in close contact
Can remain active and contagious for 2 hours
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Structure of paramyxoviruses
•16 kb nucleotides
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DIAGNOSIS OF MEASLESMicroscopyImmunofluorescence Virus IsolationSerology
Fever + Three C’s
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SYMPTOMS: 10-14 incubation period
High fever, runny nose, red/watery eyes, rash
Koplik’s spots
Severe complications
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TREATMENT No known treatments
Fluids and Vitamin A
LJ-001??
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SO WHAT IS BEING DONE ABOUT THIS?
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ORGANIZATIONS HELPING TO FIGHT MEASLES
Measles Initiative - 1971
Still 164,000 people die from measles each year
2010 goal – 90% worldwide
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IMPACT OF THE MEASLES INITIATIVE
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THIS WAS IN 2008…
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REFERENCES “Global Measles Elimination”. Nature Review. December 2006. <http://
www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v4/n12/full/nrmicro1550.html>. “Measles”. Wikipedia. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measles>. Measles Initiative. <http://www.measlesinitiative.org>. “Measles Outbreak Triggered by Unvaccinated Child”. U.S. News &
World Report. <http://www.usnews.com/health/family-health/in fectious-diseases/articles/2010/03/22/measles-outbreak-triggered-by-unvaccinated-child.html>.
“Modulation of Immune System Function by Measles Virus Infection: Role of Soluble Factor and Direct Infection”. Journal of Virology. December 1998. <http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/content/full/72/12/ 9421>.
“Pathogenesis”. Measles. <http://www.brown.edu/courses/bio_160/p rojects2000/MMR/MeaslesPathogenesis.htm>.
“Pathogenesis of Measles Virus Infections”. Virology Online. <http: //virology-online.com/viruses/MEASLES4.htm>.
“Virology – Chapter Four: RNA Virus Replication Strategies”. Microbiology and Immunology Online. <http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/m hunt/RNA-HO.htm>.
“Virus-Induced Immunosuppression”. NCBI. <http://www.ncbi.nlm .nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=pmd&part=A2876>.