MEASLES

GERMAN MEASLES

DEFINITION:

A highly contagious respiratory infection that's caused by a virus. It causes a total-body skin rash and flu-like symptoms, including a fever, cough, and runny nose.

MEASLESCausative Agent:Measle Virus

(Paramyxoviruses)

GERMAN MEASLESCausative Agent:Rubella Virus

(Togaviruses)

MEASLES GERMAN MEASLESMODE OF TRANSMISSION

INCUBATION PERIOD

AIRBORNE DROPLETS

10-12 DAYS 14-21 DAYS

DIRECT CONTACT WITH NASAL AND THROAT SECRETIONS OF INFECTED

PERSONARTICLES FRESHLY SOILED WITH NOSE AND THROAT SECRETIONS

MEASLES GERMAN MEASLESPRE-ERUPTIVE STAGE

HIGH FEVER

COUGH HEADACHE

FEVER

CORYZA COLD

CONJUNCTIVITIS COUGH

SORE THROAT

CONJUNCTIVITIS

MEASLES GERMAN MEASLESERUPTIVE STAGE

RASHES RASHES

ELEVATED PAPULES

BEGIN ON THE FACE, AND BEHIND THE EARS

GLANDS ARE SWELLING

RASHES LAST 3-5 DAYS BEFORE FADING

SPREAD TO TRUNK AND EXTRIMITIES

“STAIN” RED TO DARK BROWN BEFORE DISAPPEARING

MACULOPAPULAR

STARTS BEHIND THE EARS THEN SPREAD TO FACE AND

NECK

SPREADS TO REST OF THE BODY

KOPLIK’S SPOT  a prodromic viral enanthem of

measles manifesting on the first day of rash. They are characterized as clustered, white lesions on the buccal mucosa near each Stenson's duct and are pathognomonic for measles.

Koplik spots is ulcerated mucosal lesions marked by necrosis, neutrophilic exudate, and neovascularization. They are described as appearing like "grains of salt on a wet background"

FORCHEIMERS’ SPOTa fleeting enanthem seen

as small, red spots (petechiae) on the soft palate in 20% of patients with rubella. They precede or accompany the skin rash of rubella. They are not diagnostic of rubella, as similar spots can be seen in measles and scarlet fever

MEASLES VIRUS TRANSMITTED VIA DROPLETS

INFECTS EPITHELIAL

CELLS OF THE NOSE AND

CONJUNCTIVAE

VIRUS MULTIPLIES

EXTENDS TO REGIONAL

LYMPH NODES

CONTINUES TO REPLICATE ON

EPITHELIAL AND RETICULOENDOTHELIA

LTISSUE OVER THE NEXT FEW DAYS

VIRAEMIA AND PRESENCE OF VIRUS IN TISSUE AND ORGANS

CEASES

VIRAEMIA GRADUALLY DECREASES

VIRUS CAN BE FOUND IN BLOOD, SKIN,

RESPIRATORY TRACT AND OTHER ORGANS

RASHES DEVELOP

KOPLIK’S SPOT MAY DEVELOP ON BUCCAL

MUCOSA

PRODROMAL PHASE

INFECTION BECOMES ESTABLISHED ON THE SKIN AND OTHER TISSUES INCLUDING THE

RESPIRATORY TRACT

SECONDARY VIRAEMIA

PRIMARY VIRAEMIA

MEASLES GERMAN MEASLESNURSING MANAGEMENT

INCREASE INTAKE OF FLUID

ENCOURAGE EXTRA REST

GOOD HYGEINE

TREATMENT AND PREVENTION

VITAMIN A – HELPS REDUCES EYE DAMAGE

ANTIBIOTICS – FOR COMPLICATIONS SUCH AS PNUEMONIA

ANTIPYRETICS – FOR FEVER

ASPIRIN – HELPS REDUCE INFLAMMATION AND FEVER

IMMUNIZATION WITH THE MMR VACCINE