meaning and difination of od

8/12/2019 Meaning and Difination of Od

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MEANING AND DIFINATION OF OD Organisation development is a body of

knowledge and practice that enhanceorganizational performance and individualdevelopment. It views the organisation as acomplex system of systems that exist within alarger system, each of which has its own quality,responsibility and degree of alignment.


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MODEL AND THEORIES PLANEDCHANGE The development of models and theories of planed

change facilitated the development of OD. Thesetheories describe the different stages throughwhich planned change may be effected inorganisation and explain the temporal process ofapplying OD methods to help organisationmembers in managing change.


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ACCORDING TO KURT LEWINsThree stage model theory

Unfreezing:- Reducingthe forces for status quo.

Moving:- Developingnew attitudes, value andbehaviours.

Refreezing:- Reinforcing

new values, attitudesand behaviours.

Unfreezing

Changing

Refreezing


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SYSTEM THEORY A system is a set of interrelated but separate parts

working towards a common purpose. Thearrangement of element must be orderly and

there must be proper communication facilitatinginteraction between the elements and finally thisinteraction should lead to achieve a commongoal. System can be open system where the

operation of a system is dependent on the outsideenvironment for survival or a closed system whichis operated without interaction from the outsideenvironment.


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NATURE OF SYSTEMSSystems approach helps and interrelated natureof organisations to plan for actions andanticipate consequence and mutual effects. Ithelps the general manager to maintain balanceamong various subsystems and the organisation.


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Inputs: A system has flows of information,materials and energy. These entre the systemfrom the environment as inputs.

Outputs: Outputs are the final products after thetransformation process. It varies with the

enterprises. External Environment: It includes the analysis of

the strength and weakness prevailing in theenvironment. Effective managers should regularly

scan the external environment.


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PARTICIPATION AND

EMPOWERMENT Participation in OD programmes is not restricted

to elites or top peoples it is broadly throughoutthe organisation. Increased participation andempowerment have always been central goals andfundamental values of OD. Participation is themost foundational of ODsdemocratic value.

Participation require trust, listening to theworkers and giving feedback. The novel concepthere is to treat people like human.


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TEAMS AND TEAMWORK A team is a corporative group whose members interact

with each other words the accomplishment ofspecified objective. In the 21stcentury as people are

becoming more sophisticated and society is becomingmore technical advanced working as a team makes iteasier to accomplish goals.

According to Katzenbash and Smith, Team is defined

as a small number of people with complementary skillwho are committed to a common purpose,performance goals and approach for which they holdthemselves mutually accountable.


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TYPES OF TEAMS Problem Solving Teams

Self-Managed Teams

Cross-Functional Teams

Virtual Teams


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STRATEGIES OF CHANGE Organisation development involves change, and it

rests on a particular strategy for change. Chinand Benne have described three types ofstrategies to implement change.

Empirical-Rational Strategies

Normative Re-Educative Strategies

Power Coercive Strategies


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INTER-DISCIPLINARY

ACTION RESEARCH Action research is a cornerstones of

organisational development, underlying both thetheory and practice of the field. Action research

can be defined as a process of systematicallycollecting research data about an ongoing systemrelative to same objective or need of the system,feeding these data back into the system, takingactions by altering selected variable within thesystem based on both the data and hypothesesand evaluating the result of action by collectingmore data.


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meaning and difination of od

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