ME 4875/MTE 575 - C16

Introduction to

Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology

Lecture 2 - Applications of Nanomaterials + Projects

1

Project

2

• Teams of 4 students each

• Literature review of one application of nanotechnology

• Prepare a report (detailed)

• Prepare a poster (summary)

• Poster session on last three days of class

Project Content

3

• How does the application work?

• Why is a nanomaterial needed?

• Which nanomaterial is/could be used?

• What are the unique size-dependent properties of

the nanomaterial?

• How is the nanomaterial made?

• How is the nanomaterial

imaged/measured/characterized?

Poster Session

4

Team 1

Team

2

Team 3

Team

4

Team 5 Team 6

Team 7

Team 8

Team

10 Team 9

Team 12

Team 11

• 4-5 groups will present per session, all other groups will rotate from poster to

poster as the audience

• Each group will present 4-5 times

• 5 minutes of oral presentation

• 5 minutes of question/answers

• Audience: Prof, and other groups Team 1

Team

2

Team 3

Team

4

Team 5 Team 6

Team 7

Team 8

Team

10Team 9

Team 12

Team 11

• Literature Databases -

– WPI provides on-campus access to scientific papers from most journals

– Search scientific papers across a wide range of disciplines using

• Webofknowledge.com

• Google Scholar

• Different ways to search

– Title, topic, Boolean, exact phrases

• Different ways to filter

– Number of citations, date published, relevance

• Cite Literature, make sure not to plagiarize

– Names of authors, article title, journal name, issue, volume and page numbers, year

• Recommend using a bibliographic software such as Endnote to manage citations easily

• Each team member should read and cite ~5 highly relevant papers for the project 5

Resources for Literature Review

• Poster template will be provided on myWPI

• Keep it simple, clear and well-organized

• More graphics, less text

• Poster printing services - Academic Technology Center's front desk

located in Fuller Labs, Room 117

• 36” x 48” on glossy paper

• Cost ~ $28 ($7 per team member)

6

Poster Resources

7

physical

melting point depression

size-dependent phase stability

electronic

quantum confinement of electrons

quantum tunneling

depletion layer effects

optical

band gap tuning

multiple exciton, hot carrier

plasmonics

photonic crystals

heat

phonon transport

mechanical

nanoscale grains, dislocation motion

superelasticity in nanowires

chemical

increased reactivity of nanoparticles

Solar cells

Optical fibers

Optical coatings and filters

Metamaterials

Computing

Memory

Electronics

Sensors

Thermoelectrics

Insulators

Lightweight, strong, tough

materials

Highly reactive yet cheap catalysts

new compounds only possible

at nanoscale

Nano Properties/Applications

many of these are in the research stage only

Project Topics

8

1. Solar Cells

2. Batteries

3. Structural Materials

4. Thermoelectrics

5. Computing (transistors)

6. Memory (magnetic, flash, etc)

7. Drug delivery

8. Biological Sensing

(In no particular order)

9. Chemical Sensing

10. Catalysis

11. Energetic Materials

12. Piezoelectrics

13. Robotics

14. Photonics

15. Coatings

• Quantum dot solar cells

• Band gap tuning

• Multiple exciton generation

• Hot-carrier collection

• Efficient carrier collection

9

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

0 1 2 3 4

Sp

ec

tral Ir

rad

ian

ce

(W

/m2/n

m)

Photon Energy (eV)

CdSe quantum dots

Chem. Soc. Rev. , 2011, 40, 1512-1546

Solar Cells

10

C. K. Chan and Y. Cui, Nature Nanotechnology 3, 31 (2008).

Li insertion Fundamental battery parameters:

- Energy density

- Power density

- Cycle life and safety

- Cost

Batteries

11 SCIENCE Vol 339, 2013

Structural Materials

DARPA

New material which exploits

super-elasticity of nanowires

12

Thermoelectric generators depend on materials with high electrical conductivity

but low thermal conductivity.

The ratio of electrical and thermal conductivity of a material can be tuned by

shaping it as a nanowire, in which heat-carrying phonons are scattered off the

rough sidewalls

Hochbaum et al. Nature, 2007

4 nm 10

μm

smooth nanowires

rough nanowires

Thermoelectrics

13

• Limitations of conventional silicon MOSFETs

• New devices: Single electron transistors,

tunneling junctions, nanocrystal, nanowire,

nanotube, atomic layer transistors.

Al

Top

Gate

HfO2

SiO2

S D

Conventional MOSFET

Nanocrystal transistor

Nanotube transistors

Computing (Transistors)

Atomic layer transistors

14

IEEE Spectrum

Quantum-mechanical phenomena of electron tunneling and spin-

dependent electron tunneling are used to make high-performance

computer memories such as flash and MRAM.

These devices rely on the ability to make layered materials with highly

controlled nanoscale thicknesses.

Nature Physics 4, 17 - 18 (2008)

Computer Memory

15

Drug Delivery

• micelles

• nanoparticles

• magnetic nanoparticles

Targeted drug delivery using:

16

Biological Sensing

• nanoparticle contrast agents

• carbon nanotube fluorescent

sensors

• many others

Michael Strano, MIT

17

0 2000

1400

800

1200

1000

Time (s)

Co

nd

uct

ance

(n

S)

5

4

3

2

4

3

5

6

7

8

9

5

8

7 6

4000

pH

Chemical Sensing

conductive core depletion layer

18

Catalysis

gold nanoparticles

nanostructured MoS2

nanostructuring increases surface area, but also

increases reactivity per unit surface area!

19

Energetic Materials

Example: 2Al + 3CuO → Al2O3 + 3Cu + lots of heat

• directional propulsion

• nano-actuators

20

Z.L. Wang and Song, Science 312 (2006)

Vs>0 (Vs )

Vs<0(Vs )

Vs=0

+

-

ZnO

Due to the ability of nanowires to undergo large elastic deformations, piezoelectric

materials in the form of nanowires could be used to convert mechanical energy to

electrical energy with higher efficiency than bulk materials.

Z. L. Wang, Nano Lett., 2009, 9 (3)

AC generator based on piezoelectric ZnO nanowires

Piezoelectrics

Robotics

21

Alex Zettl

2-stroke carbon nanotube motor

Bio-inspired flagellum motors

Photonics

22

photonic crystals

plasmonics

metamaterials

(invisibility cloaks)

Coatings

23

superhydrophobicity

super-adhesion

anti-reflection

Project Topics (again)

24

1. Solar Cells

2. Batteries

3. Structural Materials

4. Thermoelectrics

5. Computing (transistors)

6. Memory (magnetic, flash, etc)

7. Drug delivery/Nanomedicine

8. Biological Sensing

(In no particular order)

9. Chemical Sensing

10. Catalysis

11. Energetic Materials

12. Piezoelectrics

13. Robotics

14. Photonics

15. Coatings

How to Rank Topics

25

• Fill out your preferences on myWPI -

– ‘Course Materials’ > ’Project Resources’

• Rank topics from 1-15, with your most preferred topic as # 1 (rate all)

• Be adventurous

• Preferences due by midnight on Tuesday, Jan 19

• I will match preferences to form the groups

• Groups and presentation day will be announced on Friday, Jan 22