mdst3703 visualization-2012-10-23
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Visualization and the New Epistemology
Prof. AlvaradoMDST 3703/770323 October 2012
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Business
• Midterms graded• Office hours– Tomorrow 11:00AM—3:00PM– Friday 1:00PM—3:00PM
• Project homework– Mark-up text for paragraphs and quotes– Quotes are SPAN elements with CLASS attributes
of either ‘quote’ or ‘extract’– Make sure file and directories are named properly
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Review
• Web 2.0– Post-Google era of the web– Massive participation in social media– Social production of knowledge– New models of how knowledge is produced,
maintained, organized• Tags– One example of this shift– A new kind of knowledge “product”
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A Delicio.us “folksonomy” visualized
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A Flickr “folksonomy” visualized
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Eric Fischer creates maps that merge geographic locations with geotagged photos from Flickr and tweets from Twitter. Red dots pinpoint the locations of Flickr pictures, blue dots show tweets, white dots mark places that have been posted to both. This map of Washington, D.C., shows messages concentrating around the national landmarks and power corridors of the city’s federal zone.
http://anthonyflo.tumblr.com/post/7590868323/photographer-and-self-described-geek-of-maps
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An algorithm generates a virtual Rome in 3D from 150,000 Flickr Users' Photos
http://www.popsci.com/gear-amp-gadgets/article/2009-09/building-virtual-cities-automatically-150000-flickr-photos
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Flickr Photos Yield Tourist Trails. An algorithm uses images from millions of tourists to suggest ways for visitors to spend their time.
http://www.technologyreview.com/computing/25549/page1/
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These visualizations are created out of “Big Data”
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What is Big Data? What are some examples?
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What is distinctive about the form of this kind of knowledge generated by Big Data?
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Organic
Rhizomic
Socially generated
Transductive
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What about the content of this kind of knowledge?
What does it tell us about what?
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?
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A new epistemology?
An new science?
(media determinism again)
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Franic Bacon in 1620 described a new kind of knowledge based on observation and induction (empiricism). This view can be partly traced to the successes of exploration and instruments in learning about the world.
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Anderson argues that a similar shift is happening now
With the era of the “cloud” and massive data
the Petabyte Age
comes a new kind of knowledge
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The database is not just a symbolic form
It is the pervasive and standard form in which our knowledge is organized
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Anderson
• The end of theory– Positivism (see definition)– It’s algorithms all the way down
• No need for models and causality– Correlation is enough
• More is different– The “Petabyte Age”– The sheer amount of data makes it valuable– Quality does not matter
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Some Definitions
• Petabyte (PB) = 250
1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes1,024 terabytes
• Positivism (my definition)– A theory of knowledge that views physical laws and
models as more or less stable patterns– Regards statistics and pattern recognition as more
authentic forms of knowledge than laws– Radically empiricism (nothing “behind” the
observed)
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Google does not care about what is on a page, it just cares about this
The Page Rank algorithm visualized
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Same approach to advertising
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“AdWords analyzes every Google search to determine which advertisers get each of up to 11 ‘sponsored links’ on every results page. It’s the world’s biggest, fastest auction, a never-ending, automated, self-service version of Tokyo’s boisterous Tsukiji fish market, and it takes place, Varian says, ‘every time you search.’ ”
http://www.wired.com/culture/culturereviews/magazine/17-06/nep_googlenomics
Steven Levy, “Secret of Googlenomics: Data-Fueled Recipe Brews Profitability,” WIRED 17.06.
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It’s all about the algorithm
There is no real theory behind the formula
It just happens to work
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Sometimes this approach is called “the physics of clicks”
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Manovich’s experimentsexplore this concept
(examples from Mapping Time Exhibit)
http://www.flickr.com/photos/culturevis/sets/72157624959121129/detail/
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Time Magazine 1923—2009
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Science and Popular Science Magazines
1872-1922
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Anna Karenina
This visualization of Anna Karenina is inspired by a common reading practice of underlining important lines and passages in a text using magic markers. To create this visualization we designed a program that reads the text from a file and renders it in a series of columns running from top to bottom and from left to right as a single image it also checks whether text lines contain particular words (this version checks for the word Anna) and highlights the found matches.
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Manga Style SpaceEN
TRO
PY
VARIATION
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MONDRIAN ROTHKO
13 years of data for eachX: BrightnessY: Saturation
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ImagePlot of Vertov’s film, The Elevent Hour
BRIGHTNESS
NU
M S
HAP
ES
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Visualization
Algorithm
Big Data
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Visualizing Text
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Co-presence of characters in Les Miserables
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Same data, different display algorithm