Development of Canada – Colonies

New BrunswickBy: Brian Singh, Miladshan, Jashanpreet

Describe this geographical area by:Miladshan-Had a population of 270,000 people- People were mainly in Saint John River Valley-Many people spoke French- Scottish and Irish settlers settled there-Acadians settled there- many people were related to loyalists who came during the American Revolution-There was a small community of black loyalists.

What economic resources would this colony bring to a union of the colonies?By:JashanpreetFood: fish, seafood, potatoes, wood pulp, wheat, flour, forest food

Natural resources: zinc, copper, lead, silver, energy, lumber

Labour force: a fisherman/woman, lumber jacks, manufacturing things

Who are the important persons from this colony? What important events occurred here?By:Brian*When it comes to important people in New Brunswick there are many, including Charles Fisher, Sir Samuel Leonard Tilley, etc.

*All these important people have a positive relationship to New Brunswick.

*Over the years many historical and significant event have occurred in New Brunswick.

*An example of this was when the Irish people relocated to New Brunswick, due to a current disease, known as the “Potato Famines”

Canada East 1840-1867

Development of Canada – ColoniesCultural Background, Population and Geographical LocationCanada East, previously known as lower canada, formed on half of the british colony. Canada East’s population was estimated to be 1,112,000. Most of the population were french canadians. Some of the population were Loyalist Settlers and the rest were aboriginals. In the 1860’s Canada East was the most populous and powerful colony. Only 20% of Canada East’s residents lived in cities, the rest were farmers who lived in rural areas. They were also known as habitants. Canada East became the Province of Quebec during confederation. Canada East was surrounded by PEI, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and New Brunswick.

Economic Resources (WorkForce, Natural resources, Food, Etc.)The most important farm products were rye, livestock, potatoes, and maple sugar. Farmers raised livestock and grew crops on the long narrow riverfront farms. Wheat had to be imported from Canada West. Forestry industries produced timber and sawn lumber for local use and for export. Factories in Canada East made footwear, door frames, furniture and shingles. Most men in Canada East worked as farmers, others worked as tinsmiths/blacksmiths, fishermen, woodcutters, and labourers. Labourers built roads, canals and railways. Women did not have as much as opportunities as the women do today. Many of them worked as cooks or maids.A common use of transportation by the people in Canada East was by water. This included ships, canoes and boats. This was very useful in that society since approximately 1/3 of the exports would travel over rivers and lakes. Another use of transportation was railroads. The first railroad was built in 1836, and was continued to be used by many people, they are still used today.Clothes were homemade, usually made by the women. Females wore dresses, skirts and bonnets. Males would wear the normal shirt and pant, sometimes suspenders and hats.

Important People and EventsIn the 1840’s, a worldwide economic depression brought hard times to Canada East. There was decline of fur trade in the 1850’s. The economy grew again by the arrival of the industrial revolution, the expansion of canals and the construction of railways.Confederation was the process in which the colonies of Canada, were united into one dominion. The old province of canada was Ontario and quebec, and after confederation there were four more provinces and now there are ten provinces and three territories. Canada East became the province of Quebec during this time. Canada East finally agreed to confederation in 1867 because Canada East would remain its own Province.In 1841, the Act of Union created the United Province Of Canada-a single government with equal representation from Canada East and Canada West. The Act of Union enabled Canada East and Canada West to work together to build railways, expand industries and increase growth in farming and forestry. However, in the 1850’s the government of the United Province of Canada became ineffective. Equal representation of both Canada East and Canada West in the Legislative Assembly resulted in a political deadlock (difficulty making a decision, no agreements).

George Etienne CartierHis goal was to ensure that French Canadians drew every possible advantage from the government of United Canada.As general for Canada East, Cartier was responsible for reshaping the administration of justice and civil law The survival of french culture was important to him He was also in favour of economic development. Thomas D’Arcy McGeeThomas D’Arcy McGee was born in a small village in eastern Ireland, and was introduced to the irish culture at a very young age.He was a conservative (parti bleu) who fought to free ireland from British rule. When he was first elected to the Assembly, he was a reformer who wanted change, but later he became a conservative. He was in favour of Confederation and felt that it could be a great future for British North America if the colonies united.Antoine-Aime DorionAntoine-Aime Dorion was a lawyer, politician and a judge. He was born in Ste-Anne-de-la-Perade, Canada East. A member of the Assembly of the Province Of Canada during 1854–1867.Dorion became a well-known Liberals leader (parti rouge) in the 1850s. He supported liberal ideas, and helped with financial and business interests. The government formed by George Brown along with Dorion as leader for Canada East did not stay for a long time.

Rupert’s Land

Development of Canada – Colonies

(Ethan H.)Ruperts land is placed in between B.C and Quebec population of 6000 people in Northwest Territories and Rupert's land combined. It was the biggest territory in British North America owned by the Hudson’s bay company. Ruperts Land has been around for 200 years. It was from 1670 -1870. Now days Rupert’s Land is a part of Alberta, Manitoba , Saskatchewan , Nunavut and Ontario. In the U.S Rupert’s Land is now Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota and Montana. It is a British Territory controlled by the Hudson’s Bay Company. It is about ⅓ of modern day canada.Usually people were from France or from other places in Europe. Also Aboriginal people lived their including the Métis.

What economic resources would this colony bring to a union of the colonies? (food, natural resources, labour force etc.) (Knish)In Rupert’s Land the fur trade was a big thing. They trade beaver pelts, sea otters, deer skin, bear ermine and skunk. Rupert's Land was owned by the Hudson Bay Company. The Hudson Bay company was the biggest trading company in Canada at the time. The natives traded pelts of small animals for iron tools of the European fishermen. The Hudson’s bay company gained control over the fur trade in the Pacific Northwest. In Rupert’s Land the main source of natural resources were gold, iron, zinc and diamond

Who are the important persons from this colony? What important events occurred here? (Ashwin)

In Rupert’s Land their were many important people but the three most important were King Charles II, Medard des Groseilliers and Pierre-Esprit Radisson. King Charles II was the founder of Rupert’s Land. He named this large territory after prince Rupert. Medard and his partner were the founder of the Hudson Bay Company. The traded fur around the Hudson’s bay and near Lake Michigan and Superior. Medard and his partner were also arrested for illegal fur trade around some lakes. In 1867 Sir John A. Macdonald became the first prime minister of Canada. This made him the new owner of Rupert’s Land. In Rupert’s Land a group of indigenous people lived their which were called the Métis. Lastly one extremely important event was when the political team had decided to break up Rupert’s Land into different provinces.

Newfoundland Jasleen B, Jasleen D, Thanusha

Development of Canada – Colonies

Describe this geographical area (e.g., cultural background, population, geographical location): Location Newfoundland is a large island in the Atlantic Ocean off the east coast of Canada. Together with Labrador it formes one of the four Atlantic provinces of Canada. The west coast of Newfoundland borders are on the Gulf of St. Lawrence while all other coasts face the Atlantic ocean. The land borders are Quebec and Nunavut. The capital city of Newfoundland is St. John's which is located on the south eastern coast of the island. Cultural background-Newfoundland took the heritage of English, Irish, French and Indigenous ancestors and created a unique culture. They are well known for their natural creativity, unique language and for storytelling . Fishers visited the region for the harvest of cold or when planters attempted to establish permanent settlements in places such as Cupids and Ferryland in the 17th and 16th centuries.European explorers and fishermen from England, Portugal, Netherlands, France, started their exploration. Newfoundland’s main business was fishery [cod]People and Population-The history of Newfoundland can be traced back to up to 9,000 year, when the first groups of Maritime Archaic Indians moved into Southeastern Labrador. About 4,000 years ago, the paleo eskimos arrived to Northern Labrador. After 3,600 years ago a new culture showed up, known as the Intermediate Indians. The current population of Newfoundland is 528,448. Before the pre confederation Newfoundland contained a population of 125,000. The population increased because the civil war ended and more people came to settle.What economic resources would this colony bring to a union of the colonies? (food, natural resources, labour force etc.)Mining & minerals is one of the most important resources in Newfoundland which include iron, nickel, copper, and zinc. There are 14 mines in total in Newfoundland. Newfoundland also makes up 55 percent of Canada's iron in total. Some other things that are mined in Newfoundland include limestone, silver and many more. Newfoundland was first known for their fishery but in the 90’s there was a cod fishery collapse that caused the population rate go down. Newfoundland makes up 10 percent of Canada's crude oil production. Hibernia is one of the many offshore oil projects in Newfoundland. In primary industries, fishing was the largest industry whereas in the secondary industry it included shipbuilding, net making and more that supported fishery. In Tertiary industries, Merchants served the needs of fisherman and their families.

The west coast supports extensive forests stands. a few large towns are associated with forest or mineral resources. In land sections or the region are generally well forested, but exposed headland and offshore island have low, scrubby vegetation.Who are the important persons from this colony? What important events occurred here?-When Newfoundland chose not to join Canadian Confederation in 1867 it had made a decision to pursue its own independence within the British Empire. Newfoundland played the part of loyal British Empire member and contributed heavily to the war efforts in both the First and Second World Wars.- In 1947, John cabot was the first european since the north settlers to set on foot on Newfoundland while working for King Henry of England.

- Newfoundland originally was an English colony and was primarily used by people from various European nations for fishing purposes.- It was considered England's oldest colony due to when it was established.- Newfoundland joined Canada on March 31, 1949. Most of the population wanted to remain a colony of Britain but the rest of the population followed Joseph Smallwood who wanted to join Canada.- Sir Frederick Bowker Terrington CarterHe was one of the most important people in Newfoundland because he was one of two delegates from Newfoundland who went to Quebec confederation. During the post conference tour of the Canadas, he spoke in favour of ideas. He also became Chief of Justice of Newfoundland's Supreme Court.

Canada West By: Manvir, Mankirat and Karan

Development of Canada – Colonies

Describe this geographical area (e.g., cultural background, population, geographical location):By: Karan

- Canada west population in 1841 Aboriginal people, Loyalist migrants from the United States and British settlers.its population was smaller than the largely French-speaking population of Canada east.

-By 1852 Canada West had become larger than Canada East, with about 950,000 people versus 890,000 in the East.

-Canada west was located under canada=east also its on the border of usa.

-Due to heavy immigration following the American Revolutionary War the population of English-speaking residents of Canada West soon over took Canada East.

-Canada West, previously known as Upper Canada, formed one-half of the British colony of the Province of Canada.

What economic resources would this colony bring to a union of the colonies? (food, natural resources, labour force etc.By: Mankirat

Canada west sold a lot of wheat, and farmers could sell as much wheat as they could possibly produce. There was also a lot of natural resources such as copper, coil, and iron. Canada west was a trading idol in British North America because it had the largest timber supply in British North America at the time, Canada West had many lumber farms. Canada West took action in the Ottawa Valley Timber Trade. The Ottawa Valley Timber Trade was when Canada East and West traded squared timber and sawed lumber to build sawmills. Sawmills are machines that chop big logs into boards or planks. They were useful in Canada West because they made better planks to build homes. Popular trading goods in Canada West were butter, wool, timber, apples, cotton and pumpkin. Potash back then was wood ashes, it was used for richening soil for the crops. Most jobs were on the farm and women would just stay home.Who are the important persons from this colony? What important events occurred here?By: Manvir

George Brown is important because he was a journalist and politician. George Brown also played a role in Confederation, participating in the Charlottetown Conference in September 1864 and the Québec Conference in October 1864. His Globe newspaper made the largest movement in British North America in the 1850s and is today one of Toronto’s major daily papers.George-Étienne Cartier is important because he was the co-premier of the Province of Canada, lawyer, rebel, railway promoter, politician and Father of Confederation. A former rebel against the government Cartier also served as Canada's first minister of militia and defence. Cartier was responsible for bringing French Canada, Manitoba and British Columbia into the Dominion.John A. Macdonald is important because he was the first prime minister of Canada and the years were 1867,1873,1878,1891. He is also important because he was a lawyer, businessman and politician. John Alexander Macdonald was the dominant creative mind which produced the British North America Act and the union of provinces which became Canada. As the first prime minister of Canada, he saw the expansion of the Dominion from sea to sea.

British ColumbiaGeographical area

Development of Canada – Colonies-Hills and mountains -Some parts close to water-A lot of trees-Very green

What economic resources did British Columbia bring to the union of colonies?

-British columbia brought 50,000 Aboriginal people back to british columbia.

-British columbia also brought 30,000 gold seekers.

-The gold seekers and the Aboriginal people helped the colonies and worked for them as well

Who are the important people in this colonie?

-Amor DeCosmos (1825-1897)

-Amor DeCosmos was a journalist and also a politician as well. Amor was a important person to the colony because he is who left a very persuasive impact on the people of British Columbia that they should join Canada.

-Sir James Douglas (1803-1877)

-Sir James Douglas was a governor of Britain’s Pacific northwest colonies from 1838 to 1864 by bringing British Columbia and Vancouver islands together under his own rule

FIRST NATIONS                                                                                                                

Development of Canada – Colonies

FIRST NATIONS FOODThe first nations farmed,hunted,and gathered most of their food.The aboriginals mostly ate corn ,squash ,beans and other fall vegetables.The metis also gathered their own food but they mostly hunted,fish was a big food source for the metis.The metis were also skilled buffalo hunters and they played a very important role in the fur trade.The inuit mostly gathered wild berries and plums they also gathered rice from rice plants in shallow water.

FIRST NATIONS CULTURETheir is not just one culture of of all first nations each nation has its own culture,beliefs,traditions and world views, some examples of the different cultures are Inuit,Metis,Ucluelet and over 30 other.

IMPORTANT FIRST NATIONS

Alanis Obomsawin was a documentary film maker who has more that 40 films based of indigenous life in canada. She was also 1 of the very few who escaped a residential school at the age of 14

Chief dan george was not only a poet,actor and activist.But he was also the first aboriginal person that people saw on tv and in movies.He was also nominated for an academy award for his movie little big man.

Tom longboat ran the 1907 boston marathon 4:59 seconds faster than any of the previous winners.Even after all of his coaches left him because they didn't approve of his training and called him lazy.

   

Nova Scotia

Development of Canada – Colonies

Describe this geographical area

.Settlers from England and Scotland populated northern and eastern Nova Scotia.

.The population in Nova Scotia is 921,727In ( 2011)

.Nova Scotia is located in the province of Canada

What economic resources would this colony bring to a union of the colonies

.They have a breadbasket and wine company of the province

.They have lots of fishing villages, they have a restaurant called “Fish and Chips” shack.

.They have lobsters.

. Nova scotia labour force increased by 3,500 in August compared to last month

.David H. Armstrong  

. Samuel cunard

. The decimal system of accounting became law in Nova Scotia.  

.The twenty-first assembly of Nova Scotia legislature convened.