mcsp junk food brief presentation

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Junk Food Consumption is a Nutrition Problem among Infants and Young Children: Evidence and Program Considerations for Low and Middle Income (LMIC) Countries Presenter: Core Group Fall Meeting Justine Kavle, PhD MPH Maternal and Child Survival Program/ PATH Nutrition team October 14, 2016

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Page 1: MCSP Junk Food Brief Presentation

Junk Food Consumption is a Nutrition

Problem among Infants and Young Children:

Evidence and Program Considerations for

Low and Middle Income (LMIC) Countries

Presenter:

Core Group Fall Meeting

Justine Kavle, PhD MPH

Maternal and Child Survival Program/ PATH Nutrition team

October 14, 2016

Page 2: MCSP Junk Food Brief Presentation

Child overweight is increasingly a global

challenge

Global Nutrition Report, 2015, 2016 World Health Organization 2016

• Overweight and obesity is rising in every region and nearly

every country - 41 million children overweight

• Number of overweight children < 5 is increasing ;

approaching number of children who suffer from wasting

• Number of overweight children under 5 is increasing most

rapidly in Asia

• Call to address all forms of malnutrition

Page 3: MCSP Junk Food Brief Presentation

Goal is to halt rise in child overweight by 2025

In several countries the prevalence of childhood overweight is greater than 7%, which is the global target set by the World Health Organization (WHO).

World Health Organization 2014

Page 4: MCSP Junk Food Brief Presentation

• Contributes ‘dual burden of undernutrition and over nutrition

occurring simultaneously within a population’

• Countries experiencing a nutrition transition

• Increasing consumption of junk foods

• Growing number of meals purchased and/or consumed

away from home

• Urban and rural areas affected by market developments

• Child overweight increasing with rising incomes

Junk food consumption in LMIC countries

Page 5: MCSP Junk Food Brief Presentation

Prevalence of junk food consumption, stunting, and

overweight among infants and young children, DHS

2006-2010

10.5

20.1

7.7

11.6

24.9

42.1

23.4

25.3

32.2

31.2

44.6

32.3

41.0

40.2

39.9

46.2

29.3

26.9

30.2

5.5

8.4

4.0

5.4

9.2

1.4

8.5

1.2

5.5

3.7

0 10 20 30 40 50

Zimbabwe

Zambia

Uganda

Tanzania

Nigeria

Nepal

Malawi

Liberia

Ghana

DRC**

Overweight Stunting Sugary foods

Page 6: MCSP Junk Food Brief Presentation

Key peer-reviewed literature findings

junk food consumption

• Repeated exposure to sugary and salty foods can familiarize

infants and young children to “sweetness” and salt early in life

• Junk foods consumed with greater frequency than fortified infant

cereals, eggs, and vitamin-A rich fruits

• Early introduction to junk foods and liquids -> mothers’

perception of breastmilk as insufficient

• Ready-made junk foods - frequently softened and consumed with

sweetened liquids.

• Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages increases daily

energy intake, and provides temporary and incomplete satiation.

Page 7: MCSP Junk Food Brief Presentation

Studies reveal that feeding of junk foods is common

among the urban poor

• Nigeria: 65% of mothers fed biscuits and 16% gave soft drinks to

their 6-18 month old children

• Kenya: 41% of infants received sweetened water in first 6 months

• India: 80% of mothers fed ready-made snacks such as chips, puffed

rice, and biscuits to 6-36 month old children

• India: Giving tea and biscuits to children was “convenient,” and

often young children are given money to buy “outside” foods.

Page 8: MCSP Junk Food Brief Presentation

Factors associated with junk food consumption

• Urbanization and economic growth shape food system,

availability, access

• Drivers of food choices and cultural considerations:

Convenience, ease in preparation, perceptions of the status and

healthfulness of these foods, limitations on mothers’ time for food

preparation, women’s return to work

• Changes in food systems: Changes in the global food systems and

trade -> increase in oil crop production. Exports of junk food,

contribute to increase in caloric and dietary fat intakes

• Marketing targeted towards young children plays a pivotal role

in stimulating consumption of junk foods

Page 9: MCSP Junk Food Brief Presentation

Country policies to address junk food consumption,

overweight and obesity

Countries Childhood overweight and

obesity

NCDs Junk foodconsumption

(general population)

Marketing junk foods (¥denotes targeting

children)

Bangladesh x x

Ghana x x x x

Guinea xHaiti x xIndia x x xIndonesia x x

Kenya x x x¥

Lao PDR x¥

Liberia x

Namibia xRwanda x x

Yemen xZambia x x x

Zimbabwe x¥

Page 10: MCSP Junk Food Brief Presentation

Programmatic implications – junk food consumption

within the context of undernutrition programming

National level - overweight & obesity in key policy & strategic documents

Health facility level - Healthcare providers/families need to understand

healthy versus unhealthy weight gain, and can learn how to monitor rapid

weight gain, provide nutrition counseling

Community level and behavior change communication

• Provide supportive environments to educate families about reducing or

eliminating introduction of junk foods and health consequences

• Introduce available, affordable, and local alternatives to sugary and high-

fat foods for infants and young children.

Page 11: MCSP Junk Food Brief Presentation

Regulation and early exposure to junk foods

• Ensure standards and guidelines for nutritious food provision at

preschools and early childhood development centers

• Regulate the marketing of breastmilk substitutes

• Appropriate food labeling

• Regulate marketing of junk food early in life, including television

programs

Data Gaps

• Disaggregation of DHS data on types of sugary, high-fat, and/or high

salt foods

• More formative research on drivers of junk food intake and food

choice, including motivations for feeding junk foods

Page 12: MCSP Junk Food Brief Presentation

Conclusion

In countries, where the double burden of malnutrition

is a growing concern, implementation of these key

actions within the context of current undernutrition

programming is needed

Page 13: MCSP Junk Food Brief Presentation

For more information, please visit

www.mcsprogram.org

This presentation was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the

United States Agency for International Development (USAID), under the terms of the Cooperative

Agreement AID-OAA-A-14-00028. The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not

necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.

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