mcd dda slum strategy romi roy

Helping Make Delhi SlumHelping Make Delhi Slum--FreeFreeby 2013by 2013

Slum and JJ DepartmentMunicipal Corporation of Delhi

November 2009

• JJ clusters are essentially illegal encroachments on public land.

• The basic thrust of the Slum and JJ Department is to provide civic services to slum & jhuggie dwellers.

• Also undertake exercises to relocate jhuggie clusters requests received from Land Owning Agencies.

• In order to meet socio-economic requirements of the JJ-clusters and society at large, the following schemes approved by the government are in existence

Background

0.20 0.

99 1.13 1.

5 2.00

2.25 2.

59

4.81

6.00

0

2

4

6

8

NO

OF

JHU

GG

IES

IN

LAC

S

1977 1981 1983 1985 1986 1987 1990 1994 2000

YEAR

GROWTH OF JHUGGIES IN DELHI

CURRENT STRATEGY-ICURRENT STRATEGY-I

RELOCATION OF JJ CLUSTERS

Only those JJ clusters situated on land required by land owning agency are taken up for relocation.

Salient Features Of The Present Relocation Schemes:

I. For 18.0 Sq. Mtr. Plot : Ration Card / Requisite Documents With Cut Off Date 31st Jan. 1990.

II. For 12.5 Sq. Mtr. Plot :Ration Card/ Requisite Documents Post January 1990 Till 31st Dec. 1998.

III. Plots Allotted On Licence Fee Basis.

IV. No. Of Families Relocated About 60,000 Till Date.

SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PRESENT RELOCATION SCHEME

Ii. Funding Pattern :

SHARE 18 Sq. Mtr. 12.5 Sq. Mtr.

Plot Plot

I. Land Owning Agency Rs. 29,000 Rs. 20,000

Ii. Govt. Support Rs. 10,000 Rs. 10,000

Iii. Beneficiary Rs. 5,000 Rs. 5,000

______ ______

Rs. 44,000 Rs. 35,000

• Too less• Should vary by DU size• Should be in Group-loan

basis - to allow mutual policing, lending and timely payback.

Govt. should be a facilitator only.

V. LOCATION OF RELOCATED POCKETS:1. DWARKA

2. ROHINI

3. NARELA

4. BHALSWA

5. MOLAR BAND

6. TIKRI KHURD

7. HOLAMBI KALAN

8. HOLAMBI KHURD

9. BAKKARWALA

10. MADANPUR KHADAR

11. BAWANA

12. SAVDA GHEVRA (UNDER DEVELOPMENT)

A Bird’s Eye-view of Original Jhuggi Cluster

Delhi has a long history of forced eviction of ‘illegal’ squatter or slum communities, and an equally long history of immigration into the city.

As the city of Delhi expanded and its land increased in commercial value, the un-propertied/ poor were pushed to the periphery and, thereby, werethe first to subsidize the current development process at the cost of their access to regular employment and livelihood opportunities, education, health care and other social necessities.

Issues to think about:

The low-income population was originally living in “illegal” squatter settlements or slums or JJC – because there was not adequate affordable housing supply for them in the centre city – when they originally arrived in the city to work and aid in its economic growth.

Displaced low-income population is most often located at the outskirts of the city. This puts tremendous pressure on the transport infrastructure of the city, as well as the finances of the low income families – as they have to now commute every day to their place of work in the city. Moreover, secondary sources of family income (women working locally, etc.) are often severed, thus making the family poorer. Children are disconnected from schools and new social and physical; infrastructure is not provided. Shared amenities originally available in the city centre are also out of reach after relocation.

The above situation often forces the poor to move back into the city and live as squatters or slums in dilapidated conditions again, just to be close to jobs & amenities.

Need for Study:

It is therefore essential that low income groups are located near their sources of employment and within walking distance of informal sources of employment like higher income households and other amenities within the city. Low income groups need to be “mixed” with other income groups in order to reduce social segregation and stigma and build civic pride.

Source: Housing and Land Rights Network, Habitat International Coalition

Issue 1: Spatial and social integration into the larger urban community.Inferences from Strategy I:

Context and current challenges:In the past, low income communities have generally been located in large concentrations (from 50,000 to 1 lakh population) at a single location, without adequate provision of social amenities and infrastructure services. Such singular concentration of low-income families in one location leads to the creation of social ‘ghettos’ and creates several disadvantages and problems:

Due to lack of investment in civic amenities and basic social infrastructure –these areas often perpetuate unemployment, lack of education, crime and very unsanitary living conditions.

Mono-cultural concentration leads to perpetration of previous rural lifestyles, delaying the integration of rural immigrants into the urban lifestyle and overall city fabric.

Isolation leads to social stigma, and spatial segregation of economic classes. Lack of shared public spaces with higher income groups creates further social segregation and disregard.

Very often, low income communities are relocated to new locations with the assurance of basic civic and infrastructure amenities, but many of the requirements are not eventually provided by the authorities due a a variety of reasons.

Sultanpuri, Mangolpuri – low income social ghettos of Delhi

Dakshinpuri…

Image Source: The Tribune, India, 2006

Seelampur, Delhi Seemapuri, DelhiImage Source: Mackenzie Berg, 2008

Issue 2: Current large concentrations of low-income social ‘ghettos’ creating Social StigmaInferences from Strategy I:

In Mumbai, slums currently located near transit facilities and employment centres are being relocated away from these basic amenities - to locations in the outskirts of the city. Moreover, the quality of design seems to lack the most basic human right – the right to fresh air and daylight. From a point of advantage, these new slum redevelopment projects have succeeded in providing legitimized and more permanent and stable shelter for the low income people, as well as individualized sanitation and water supply. However, they unfortunately follow the “one type fits all” approach and exhibit no response to the climatic design needs on Mumbai. Spatially, they exhibit no sense of community building, human-scale, social congregation spaces or integrated socio-cultural amenities for the low-income community – and also provide them little flexibility to adapt.Need for Study:It is therefore realized that guidelines are needed to be set for the design of low income housing that respond to local climatic conditions and the socio-economic and cultural needs of the people who will live in these projects.

Issue 3: Climatic sensitivity and flexibility to socio-economic needs.

Image Source: Dheeraj Patil, 2008 Image Source: Dheeraj Patil, 2008

Inferences from Strategy I:

Principles:

1. Low‐income groups must be within 15‐minute walking distance from….Existing formal and informal Employment OpportunitiesExisting Rapid Transit Stations. Existing middle or high income neighborhoods (for shared amenities and

informal employment opportunities).and create a mixed income urban fabric

2. Low‐income groups must be located in clusters of less than 250 families – to avoid perpetuation of mono‐functional activities and crime. ( except in cases of older JJ clusters older than 1990 where these informal communities have a strong networked community structure)

3. Provide upward mobility choices for accommodating various income groups

4. Involvement of Community Based Organizations (CBO) facilitated by NGOs – from design to post‐implementation stages – is critical to the long term success and integration of low income groups into the larger urban community. Provision for space for these NGOs in the planned areasso they may facilitate amenities/libraries etc….as government cannot operate them

One size does not fit all…

Provide various Housing & Upward Mobility Options to all

In-situ up-gradationExisting

Low-income or ‘slum’ population

New low-income

immigrants

NEW MIXED INCOME COMMUNITIES:near transit,with shared amenitiesRelocated New Development:

within 2 km of current location

Largest

unit size

MOST EXPENSIVE:Relocated to new Pre-

constructed location: distant from current location but close to transit.

Phased redevelopment:at current location in

city

Rental (shared or single) - YEARLY

Rental (shared or single) - MONTHLY

LEAST EXPENSIVERental (shared or single) - MONTHLYRental (shared or single) - MONTHLYRental (shared or single) - DAILY

Rental (shared or single) - MONTHLYRental (shared or single) - MONTHLYRental - NIGHT SHELTERS

Smallest

Unit Size

Provide Upward Mobility Options

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT OF URBAN SLUMS

CURRENT STRATEGY-IICURRENT STRATEGY-II

Scheme provides basic amenities in the JJ Clusters.

This includes internal lanes/drains with in the cluster, Community Toilets and play fields (Shishu Vatika for the children)

The various parameters of the scheme are as follows:

Basic Norms Under EIUS

• 1 WC Seat for 25 persons• 1 Bath unit for 50 persons• 1 Safai Karamchari for 200 Jhuggies.• 1 Sweeper for de-silting 1 Km length of drain• 1 Tap/hydrant for for 50 persons.• 1 Electric pole at every 30 m distance• Provision of Basti Vikas Kendra• Provision of Shishu Vatika• Provision of Dustbin/Dalao as per requirement• CC pavement and provision of drains

INFERENCE 1:Data an Surveys have shown that Common Toilets shared between large numbers – are not are not clean an well maintained.clean an well maintained.• Women do not like to use them.• People continue to defecate in the open.• Other infrastructure is also generally lacking.

One size does not fit all…

12 m2Kitchen counter

Shared bathroom

15 m2Small kitchen

Shared bathroom

18 m2Small kitchenIndependent bathroom

25 m2One bedroomMedium size kitchenIndependent bathroom

A variety of affordable unit-size choices WITH SHARED OR INDIVIDUAL TOILETS - can be provided based on family size; income level and household savings...

MAIN STREET

Shared Toilet/ Bathroom for 20-25 persons

Woo

nerf

INFERENCE 1:Water filling and Washing Areas are great community spaces.

Images Source: Abu Kasinath

Homes are often also the Workplace

Some of the cottage industries of Dharavi….

Schemes need to allow people to CUSTOMIZE their homes and surroundings to their needs…d)

Shared spaces can be used by women’s cooperatives to generate home-employment. From here, women can supervise children at play on terraces, courtyards, etc.

Social and Circulation spaces in taller buildings

Community halls provide living space outside the family’s small apartment.

Charles Correa – Maharashtra Housing, 1999

IN-SITU UPGRADATION OF JJ CLUSTERS

CURRENT STRATEGY-IIICURRENT STRATEGY-III

Scheme envisages the up-gradation of existing JJ dwelling units in a improvised and modified layout by socializing the distribution of land and amenities among the squatter families.

In-situ upgradation is undertaken after obtaining NOC from the land owning agency.

In-situ upgradation undertaken at following locations:• Ekta Vihar - 414 families• Proyog Vihar (Hari Nagar) - 260 families• Shanti Vihar (Moti Bagh) - 113 families• Shahbad Daulat Pur (Phase - I) - 4800 families

Its progress had been slow due to non-availability of NOCs from Land Owning Agencies.

IN-SITU UP GRADATION

JJ CLUSTER

PROPOSED ACTION PLANMaking Delhi Slum Free . . . by 2014

A Strategy proposal for the Delhi Development Authority & The Municipal Corporation of Delhi

November 19, 2009

Prepared by Principal Consultant: Ms. Romi Roy

Planning for Slum Re-Development

A project of this magnitude needs to havea multi‐stage planning process prior toimplementation, to ensure its success

People of all economic tiers pay and prosper - as per their economic

abilities and skills.

NO direct subsidies

People of all economic tiers share the same public amenities, social

and infrastructure provisions.

HOUSING : Ensuring Equity : AMENITIES

GOAL:

170 K per year

The Challenge: Housing Stock required

55% of Total = BPL + EWS55% of Total = BPL + EWS

95 K per year

35% of all Private Housing Development are to be Affordable (2 rooms or less)

Has to be through Public Sector

60 K/yr

Through Private SectorNew/ Re-development

Through Government Initiative

35 K/yr

35%35%20%20%

The Department has also undertaken exercise to identify land owning agency on whose land the JJ cluster exist . The details are as under :

S.No. Name of the L.O.A. No. of JJ Cluster No. of Jhuggie in Lacs

1 DDA 425 1.80

2 Railways 80 0.60

3 L&DO and CPWD 60 0.49

4 NDMC 35 0.20

5 MCD 25 0.20

6 Slum & JJ Deptt. 80 0.40

7 Others : PWD, I&F, P&T, Delhi Govt. and Central Govt. Agencies

125 0.40

8 Cantonment Area 15 0.10

9 Gram Sabha 15 0.10

Total 860 4.20

The ROADMAP.The ROADMAP.

Dynamic GIS Database

Dynamic GIS Dynamic GIS DatabaseDatabase

Long term Mitigation of

Slums

Delivery

Regional High-Speed Rail & Polycentric

Planning

Transit Oriented Mixed

Communities

Sustainable Finance

Physical Survey:- Environmental Suitability

- Land availabilitySocio-Economic Survey

95 K affordable homes a year

EnableFunding

Design Competitions/Pilot Projects

CBOs & Cooperative

based delivery


Slums


Planning


Communities

Sustainable Finance


Slums


Planning

Rapid Transit Station(Metro/ BRT)

Low income housing(Size < 250 families)

High/ Middle income housing

Commercial

Offices/ Light Industrial

Schools/ Libraries/ Civic uses

Public Parks

500 M walkingradius

Image Source: Paromita (Romi) Roy


Communities

Sustainable Finance

• Develop with Renumerativeuses to cross-subsidize housing and services.

• Funded through Developer investment and personal/ group savings.

Land Construction Services Maintenance-Urgradation

Economic prosperity

• Government funded and built

• Funded through Group-pooling and Micro-finance

schemes.

• Funded through Group-pooling and Micro-finance schemes,

partnering with NGOs+CBOs.


Slums


Planning

Sustainable Finance


Communities

The job of Government is to enable Financial Services, not to provide them.



Physical Survey:Environmental Suitability

Land availabilitySocio-Economic Survey

Socio-Economic Analysis:The Analysis must clearly map the following on digital (CAD/ GIS) drawings:

• Current location of slum clusters (with approximate population) in Delhi with data from Step 1A integrated.

• Vacant/ underutilized lands available within 1500 M buffer of MRTS corridors.• Lands within 1500M buffer of MRTS – marked for re‐densification or redevelopment as per

Master Plan or approved Zonal plans.• Land ownership.• Existing infrastructure and utilities (underground/ over ground)• Existing environmental constraints and Suitability Analysis of available sites.

Estimate the Estimate the ““Holding capacityHolding capacity”” of 1500 m MRTS (Metro/ BRT) of 1500 m MRTS (Metro/ BRT) Corridor Catchment.Corridor Catchment.

~ 60% of the urban area will be within 15-minute walking distance from the proposed MRTS stations…

To achieve spatial balance in future, the Master Plan of Delhi 2021 says that development should now take place according to new corridors of mass movement.

DRAFT Map Source: UTTIPEC, Delhi Development Authority





Physical Opportunity & Constraints Analysis:

The Analysis must clearly map the following on digital (CAD/ GIS) drawings:• Current location of slum clusters (with approximate population) in Delhi with data from Step

1A integrated.• Vacant/ underutilized lands available within 1500 M buffer of MRTS corridors.• Lands within 1500M buffer of MRTS – marked for re‐densification or redevelopment as per

Master Plan or approved Zonal plans.• Land ownership.• Existing infrastructure and utilities (underground/ over ground)• Existing environmental constraints and Suitability Analysis of available sites.

Estimate the Estimate the ““Holding capacityHolding capacity”” of 1500 m MRTS (Metro/ BRT) of 1500 m MRTS (Metro/ BRT) Corridor Catchment.Corridor Catchment.

Socio-Economic Analysis - Current mix of low income groups living in slums, in unauthorized colonies, as well as homeless people.

Documentation of the following is required:•Current location of slum clusters on a GIS map of Delhi•Approximate total number of slums categorized by land ownership•Categorization by population (absolute and density)•Categorization by area occupied•Socio-economic and cultural profile

oDemographic mix: age and genderoIncomeoEducationoOccupationoCommunity characteristics

•Quality and age of buildings•State of physical infrastructure•Current access to employment opportunities•Current access to education, health care and other amenities.





~ 60% of the urban area will be within 15-minute walking distance from the proposed MRTS stations…

To achieve spatial balance in future, the Master Plan of Delhi 2021 says that development should now take place according to new corridors of mass movement.

DRAFT Map Source: UTTIPEC, Delhi Development Authority

DeliveryEnableFunding


CBOs & Cooperative

based delivery

Help People help themselves…

170 K per year

The Challenge: Housing Stock required

55% of Total = BPL + EWS55% of Total = BPL + EWS

95 K per year

35% of all Private Housing Development are to be Affordable (2 rooms or less)

Has to be through Public Sector

60 K/yr

Through Private SectorNew/ Re-development

Through Government Initiative

35 K/yr

35%35%20%20%

In-situ Upgradation In-situ RE-development

Delivery

New Development

Criteria for Selection:

• High density (~600 du/ha)• High % of pucca houses• People have already invested

a lot in their homes• Infrastructure is partly or fully

existing• No environmental or health

hazards exist

• Low density (<500 du/ha)• Is within 1000 M of high-

speed Public Transport.• Potential for Area level

redevelopment or Urban Renewal and Redensificationexists.

• No environmental or health hazards exist

• All New area level plans should have 55% low-income component with cross-subsidization of services.

Various Options for Provision and funding of affordable housing need to be analyzed and implemented.

Inadequate supply?Govt. produced

& managed.Daily

Rentals

Shared Night

Shelter

Low income singles/ families with negligible

income▪

Inadequate supply?Govt. produced

& managed.Short-term

RentalShared room

Low income families with uncertain income/ contracted or daily wage workers, etc.

▪

Inadequate supply?

Mainly Govt.,Also privately

produced.Rental1/2 room

Low to medium income families with small personal savings

▪

No formal supply?

Private developer driven

housingRental

1/2 room(serviced

apartments, studios, etc)

Low to medium income Singles with short term

housing needs▪


housingOwnership2/3 room

Low to medium income young couples/ singleswith an ability obtain a

mortgage

▪


housingOwnership2/ 3 room

Low to medium income families with the ability

obtain a mortgage▪ Adequate

supply rate?

Only ~45% of total

demand?


housingOwnership3 room &

aboveMiddle to high income

families▪

Savings/ Mortgage

Loan-Subsidy

Price of Unit

SupplyDemandHousing Solution

LeasingApt/ Unit

sizeTarget Population

• Develop with Renumerativeuses to cross-subsidize housing and services.

• Funded through (Public or Private) Developer investment and personal/ group savings.

Land Construction Services Maintenance-Upgradation

Economic prosperity

• Government funded and built

• Funded through Group-pooling and Micro-finance

schemes.

• Funded through Group-pooling and Micro-finance schemes,

partnering with NGOs+CBOs.



CBOs & Cooperative

based delivery

Beneficiary:Group or

Cooperative

Govt:Guarantor &

FacilitatorBank or MFI or

Private Developer:Guarantor &

Facilitator

For Redevelopment Projects:

HomesHomes Long term Long term prosperityprosperity

Government Government LoansLoans

Building Materials

Training/ Expertise

Labour Time

Self-Help + Training

Healthcare + Education

Investment capital

Encourage Saving Skill-buildingCBOs

Micro-Group-Finance

NGOsBanks

Secondary Street / Lane

Main Street(High Visibility / Commercial Value)

Low Income Housing Units

Mid-High Income Housing/Commercial Uses

Secondary St.

Main Street

(High Commercial Value)



CBOs & Cooperative

based delivery

Cross Subsidization:

IncentivesIncentives BonusesBonuses

TaxesTaxes RequisitesRequisites In-situ Upgradation/ Redevelopment of slums and/ or provision of low-income housing near stations.

In-situ Upgradation/ Redevelopment of slums and/ or provision of low-income housing near stations.

Designated Neighborhood level Open Space Provision & Maintenance.Designated Neighborhood level Open Space Provision & Maintenance.

Provision of schools and civic facilities.Provision of schools and civic facilities.

Maintenance of public realm.Maintenance of public realm.

Cross-subsidy throughPrivate

Investment

Cross-subsidy throughPrivate

Investment

Expand Public TransportationExpand Public Transportation

Funding Source Mechanism Product



CBOs & Cooperative

based delivery

Cross Subsidization:

Professional Urban Economists

Professional Sociologists

Professional Urban Designers

The Design Team:



CBOs & Cooperative

based delivery

Components of Sustainable Low-income Communities:

New Sustainable Low-Mixed income Communities

Urban Infill: for Existing

Employment/ Amenities

Mixed income/ social integration

Water Management

Waste Reductionand reuse

Local Materials

Energy Efficiency

Public Rapid Transit Access

Shared public Amenities

ECONOMIC SOCIAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

Choices, Flexibility & Adaptability

Response to local Climate, Topography & Culture

In-site Upgradation

Safety Community Involvement

APPROPRIATE PLANNING STANDARDS

Local People

Local NGOs

Subsidized Materials.

Architects,Designers

Sustainable Design Principles:

1. ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY:

1.1 Locate low-income groups near existing formal and informal Employment Opportunities.

1.2 Locate near Rapid Public Transit for easy access to employment and civic uses.

2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY:

2.1 Avoid creating large concentrations of low-income social ‘ghettos’; Integrate low-income groups within larger mixed-income mixed-use communities. Avoid concentrations of a single income group higher than 250 families at one location.

- Mixing of income groups helps prevent large concentrations of low income communities in one location, and reduces crime, ensures maintenance of streets and public services. This also provides many informal employment opportunities.

- Provide shared public spaces, social amenities and physical infrastructure before habilitation of low-income groups

- Incorporate middle to high income groups into existing low-income communities; Facilitate gradual up-gradation of the larger community.

2.2 Provide “Choices” in flexibility of design, use of space, availability of space, tenure, and location of low-income homes.

- Provide choice of dwelling unit size based on location and provision of amenities, and upward mobility choices.

- Provide flexibility for adaptation of low-income community homes to facilitate home or community based economic activity.

2.4 Involve low-income communities in rehabilitation process, and design and construction of their communities.

2.5 Address Safety:

- Street design - that provides adequate street lighting, buildings built up to the street with windows facing the street.

- Clear hierarchy of streets with well defined and legible zones for pedestrians, bicycles, buses and cars – would reduce accidents and create safety.

- Mixing of income groups as opposed to large concentrations to low income groups in one location - helps reduce crime.

- Shared public spaces, social amenities and physical infrastructure allows social interaction of different income groups in common public spaces and helps reduce mutual apathy, generates social ties and reduces crime, thus increasing social security.

3. ENVIRONEMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY:

3.1 Save Energy – Respond to the unique climatic requirements of different cities and climatic zones; for comfort in outdoor and indoor spaces.

3.2 Natural Storm Water Management – Capture and locally treat storm water, Harvest rain water.

3.3 Recycle and reuse waste; Recycle and reuse waste water for the larger community, wherever possible.

3.4 Use local Materials and Construction Techniques.

4. PLANNING FRAMEWORK AND STANDARDS MUST RESULT IN SUSTAINABLE AND AFFORDABLE HOUSING.

Guidelines for Redeveloped or Newly Developed Mixed-use Mixed-income Communities

Housing and Neighborhood Housing and Neighborhood Cluster Typologies:Cluster Typologies:

Handbooks

DELHI: (Composite Climate Zone)

Primary strategies for Energy Conservation and Comfort of residents in hot-dry/ composite climate of Delhi and Jaipur:• Shading: to reduce solar gains and mitigate Heat Island Effect• Optimal Solar access is required for daylighting and internal ventilation.

Build

ing

heig

ht1.

2 x

Distance between buildingsx

Hot-dry Summer winds (loo) from the North-West are extremely undesirable. So streets, homes and open spaces should be protected and oriented away from these winds..Southwest monsoon winds are very strong and should be protected against.Winter winds should be restricted with tree plantation and narrower North-South Streets.

Optimum distance between buildings for adequate daylight access and air movement.

RECOMMENDED ORIENTATION OF STREETS:20° to W-E axis

Microclimate of public streets:Narrow streets provide shading and air movement – and therefore greater comfort for pedestrians. Spacing between buildings should be enough to allow daylight access to all homes.

Deciduous trees provide shade in summer and let the sun through in winter. Sidewalks should be at least 3 m wide, clear of obstacles, and well maintained, so people can walk on them.

Increase Energy and Resource Efficiency:Respond to the unique climatic requirements of different cities and climatic zones.3.1

UNDESIRABLE OPTION

Double loaded corridor buildings with homes on both sides – do not allow adequate ventilation.

DESIRABLE OPTION FOR VENTILATION

Low-rise housing with double aspect homes without corridors – is preferable as it allows adequate

ventilation of homes.

RECOMMENDED OPTION

Design details can allow the internal courtyards to be used by residents for a variety of uses (cottage industry, kids

playing, clothes washing and drying, social gatherings, etc.

Block FSI = 4.0Density = 1600 units/Ha

Double loaded corridor buildings are NOT recommended. Single loaded (double aspect) buildings are recommended – as this allows adequate natural ventilation and daylighting of homes.

Microclimate of shared courtyards:Grass and trees greatly help reduce heat island effect and create comfort in open spaces.

However, internal courtyards should not be fenced off as shown above. Courtyards (with permeable paving, instead of grass) are more usable for children playing , cottage industries, etc. Terraces are also valuable play areas for children.



Image Source: Author

12 m2Kitchen counter

Shared bathroom

15 m2Small kitchen

Shared bathroom

18 m2Small kitchenIndependent bathroom

25 m2One bedroomMedium size kitchenIndependent bathroom

35 m2One big bedroomBig kitchenIndependent bathroomSmall living room

45 m2Two bedroomsBig kitchenIndependent bathroomLiving room

A variety of affordable unit-size choices can be provided based on family size; income level and provision of shared or individualized amenities.b)

MAIN STREET

Shared Toilet/ Bathroom for 20-25 persons

Woo

nerf

Rapid Transit Station(Metro/ BRT)

Low income housing(Size < 250 families)

High/ Middle income housing

Commercial

Offices/ Light Industrial

Schools/ Libraries/ Civic uses

Public Parks

500 M walkingradius

Image Source: Paromita (Romi) Roy

Public Private Partnership.The developer team (govt. or private) would be required to adhere to the

following steps for smooth execution of the project:

• At the detailed design and post-design stages – at least two community meetings should be held with the target user population of the development – to solicit ideas, input and feedback on the proposal.

• Designs should be presented in a way comprehensible to the proposed users.

• Formation of local CBO and partnerships with local NGOs should be initiated, and participation of local population in construction of homes to be discussed.

• Funding mechanism (based on mix of rental and ownership housing) to be finalized.

• Developer to seek approval of project from required authorities, and seek necessary modification to bylaws, as required.

• Developer to build project in partnership with local population, and provide necessary amenities to go with the housing project.

• The entire project, including the housing cooperative and all related amenities –are to be built and maintained by developer for a period of 5 years before transferring to DDA

Multiple Stakeholders, NGO participation, people participation

• Partnerships with NGOs to help in the formation of Community Based Organizations (CBOs) is critical to the success of any project. The intended population of the new projects should be involved at the design and planning stages of the project itself – for discussion and feedback. This would give them a sense of ownership and understanding of the project and help in the future maintenance and strengthening of the overall community.

• The role of the Community Based Organization is to be formalized as a representatives for a democratic ongoing means for communication with the community - for continual updates and feedback on construction, maintenance and usability of the built and occupied project.

• Representatives should have the role of conveying feedback from the community as well as making sure urban protocols are followed by the community itself.

• Women representatives must be involved in the CBOs to take care of their interests as well as those of the children.

River Yamuna

IP Power Station

I.P Metro Station

Metro Station

ITO

SPA

Supreme Court

VikasMinar

Delhi Police HQ

I.P Metro Station

Pragati Maidan

Implement Pilot Projects:

Design Innovation

Stakeholder EngagementEconomic Potential Analysis

Equitable & Slum Free Delhi

mcd dda slum strategy romi roy

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