mcb 135e: discussion
DESCRIPTION
MCB 135E: Discussion. Discussion Topics. Lactation Gastrointestinal System Liver. Lactation. Mammary Gland Development Milk Production, Ejection, Cessation Benefits of Breast Feeding. Mammary Gland Development. 6 th week of gestation Formation of mammary ridges - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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MCB 135E: Discussion
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Discussion Topics
• Lactation
• Gastrointestinal System
• Liver
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Lactation
• Mammary Gland Development
• Milk Production, Ejection, Cessation
• Benefits of Breast Feeding
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Mammary Gland Development
• 6th week of gestation– Formation of mammary ridges
• Further development under influence of E (pre-natal)
• Female breasts develop further at puberty– Again primarily under influence of E
– Enlargement due to fat deposits and connective tissue
– Further growth and branching of ductal system
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Mammary Gland: Pregnancy
• Higher levels of E lead to more ductal elongation• Influenced also by GH, PRL, Insulin, and
glucocorticoids• Final development of gland due to influence of P
– Causes branching and formation of alveoli buds at ends of ducts
– Alveoli are lined with milk secreting epithelium
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Benefits of Breast Feeding
• Infant– Reduction in infections
– Initial increased growth
– Decreased obesity in adulthood
– Positive effects on mental development
• Mother– More rapid and
sustained weight loss
– Lactational amenorrhea
• Decreased Breast Cancer ?
– Psychological benefits
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G.I. System
• GI Functions– Digestion and Absorption– Defense– Endocrine– Mechanical and Chemical
• Nutrition of the Infant
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G.I. System Development
• Smaller size = Shorter duration of food in GI• Developing Stomach
– Spitting, Regurgitating, burping are a result of peristalic waves in opposite direction
– Emptying time • First Month – 1-4 Hours
• Adult – 5-6 Hours
– Size (Volume) much smaller at birth with continual increase in size until adulthood
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Nutrition
• Proteins– Synthesized in alveolar cells– Casein and lactalbumin are
predominant proteins– Have antigenic properties
• Vitamins– No supplements required for
infant while breast feeding
• Minerals– Mother needs to take
calcium supplements
• Fats (Breast Milk)– High in essential FA
required for brain and retina development
– Secreted in droplets pinched off from cell into alveolus
• CHO– Lactose
– Glucose
– Galactose
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Liver• Functions
– Formation of Bile– CHO storage– Formation of Urea– Cholesterol Metabolism– Make plasma proteins– Regulates fat metabolism– Metabolizes some polypeptide hormones– Reduction and conjugation of steroid hormones– Vitamin D3 metabolism– Detoxification
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Bile
• Functions– Emulsification of lipids– Activation of enzymes for
digestion of lipids– Conjugation of bilirubin to
form a water soluble product for excretion
– Excretion of cholesterol– Excretion of drugs, heavy
metals, and environmental toxins
– Neutralization of acid delivered to duodenum from stomach
• Constituents– Water (97%)– Bile Salts– Bile Pigments
(Bilirubin and Biliverdin)
– Cholesterol– Inorganic Salts– Fatty Acids– Lecithin