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Notes to the Maps:General, Map Publication, Survey of India, Dehradun vide their letters no. TB 174/62–A–3/A-3, Dated 6/02/2015. Outline of the other maps included in the book are based upon Survey of India maps printed in 2015. © Government of India copyright 2015

SYLLABUSSOCIAL SCIENCE–X

TERM IITime: 3 Hrs. Marks: 90

No. Units Term 1 Term I1

1. India and the Contemporary World–II 23 23

2. Contemporary India–II 23 23

3. Democratic Politics-II 22 22

4. Understanding Economics Development 22 22

5. Disaster Management - only through project work and assignment – –

Total 90 90

The formative assessment will comprise of Projects, assignments, activities and class tests/periodic tests for which Board has already issued guidelines to the schools. The Summative assessment will comprise of Theory Paper as per the prescribed design of the Question Paper.

UNIT 1: INDIA AND THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD–II

Themes Objectives

In sub-unit 1.1 students are required to choose any two themes. In that sub-unit, theme 3 is compulsory and for second theme students

Sub-unit 1.1: Events and Processes:

Any two of the following themes: 1. The Rise of Nationalism in Europe: (a) The growth of nationalism in Europe after the 1830s.

(b) The ideas of Giuseppe Mazzini etc.

(c) General characteristics of the movements in Poland, Hungary, Italy, Germany and Greece. (Chapter 1)

2. The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China: Factors Leading to growth of Nationalism in India: (a) French colonialism in Indo-China.

(b) Phases of struggle against the French.

(c) The ideas of Phan Dinh Phung, Phan Boi Chau, Nguyen Ac Quoc.

(d) The Second World War and the Liberation struggle.

(e) America and the Second Indo-China War. (Chapter 2)

The theme will discuss the forms in which nationalism developed along with the formation of nation states in Europe in the post-1830 period.

Discuss the relationship/difference between European nationalism and anti-colonial nationalisms.

Point to the way the idea of the nation states became generalized in Europe and elsewhere.

Discuss the difference between French colonialism in Indo-China and British colonialism in India.

Outline the different stages of the anti-imperialist struggle in Indo-China.

Familiarize the students with the differences between nationalist movements in Indo-China and India.

3. Nationalism in India : (a) First World War, Khilafat, Non-Cooperation and Civil

Disobedience movement.

(b) Salt Satyagraha.

(c) Movements of peasants, workers, tribals.

(d) Activities of different political groups. (Chapter 3) 4. Mapwork based on theme 3 only. (3 Marks)

Discuss the characteristics of Indian nationalism through a case-study of Civil Disobedience Movement.

Analyze the nature of the diverse social movements of the time. Familiarize students with the writings and ideals of different

political groups and individuals, notably Mahatama Gandhi.

UNIT 2: CONTEMPORARY INDIA–II

Themes Objectives

5. Minerals and Energy Resources: Types of minerals, distribution, use and economic importance of minerals, conservation, types of power resources: conventional and non-conventional, distribution and utilization and conservation. (Chapter 5)

6. Manufacturing Industries: Types, spatial distribution, contribution of industries to the national economy, industrial pollution and degradation of environment, measures to control degradation. (One case study to be introduced) (Chapter 7)

7. Life lines of National Economy (Chapter 8)

9. Map Work (3 marks)

Discuss various types of minerals as well as their uneven nature of distribution and explain the need for their judicious utilisation.

Discuss various types of conventional and non-conventional resources and their utilization.

Discuss the importance of industries in the national economy as well as understand the regional disparities which resulted due to concentration of industries in some areas.

Discuss the need for a planned industrial development and debate over the role of government towards sustainable development.

To explain the importance of transport and communication in the ever shrinking world.

To understand the role of trade in the economic development of a country.

Project/Activity: Learners may collect photographs of typical rural houses, and clothing of people from different regions of India and examine whether they

Learners may write a brief report on various irrigation practices in the village and the change in cropping pattern in the last decade.

Posters: Pollution of water in the locality. Depletion of forests and the greenhouse effect.

Note: Any similar activities may be taken up.

UNIT 3: DEMOCRATIC POLITICS–II

Themes Objectives

5&6. Popular Struggles and Movements of Political Parties: How do struggles shape democracy in favour of ordinary

people? What role do political parties play in competition and contestation? Which are the major national and regional parties in India? Why have social movements come to occupy large role in politics? (Chapter 5 & 6)

7. Outcomes of Democracy: Can or should democracy be judged by its outcomes? What

outcomes can one reasonably expect of democracies? Does democracy in India meet these expectations? Has democracy led to development, security and dignity for the people? What sustains democracy in India? (Chapter 7)

8. Challenges to Democracy: Is the idea of democracy shrinking? What are the major

challenges to democracy in India? How can democracy be reformed and deepened? What role can an ordinary citizen play in deepening democracy? (Chapter 8)

Analyse federal provisions and institutions.

Understand the working of spatial and social power sharing mechanisms.

Understand the vital role of struggle in the expansion of democracy.

Analyse party systems in democracies.

Introduction to major political parties in the country.

Analyse the role of social movements and non-party political formations.

of democracies.

Develop the skills of evaluating Indian democracy on some key dimensions : development, security and dignity for the people.

Understand the causes for continuation of democracy in India.

Distinguish between sources of strength and weaknesses of Indian democracy.

democracy.

Promote an active and participatory citizenship.

UNUNUNUNITITITIT 2222:: COCOCOCONTNTNTNTEMEMEMEMPOPOPOPORARARARARYRYRYRY IIIINDNDNDNDIAIAIAIA III–IIIII

UNIT 4: UNDERSTANDING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Themes Learning Objectives

3. Money and Credit: Role of money in an economy : Historical

Credit – General Introduction; Select one formal institution such as a nationalized commercial bank and a few informal institutions; Local money lenders, landlords, self–help groups,

4. Globalisation and the Indian Economy: **What is Globalisation (through some simple examples); How India is being globalised and why; Development Strategy prior to 1991. State Control of Industries: Textile goods as an example for elaboration; Economic Reforms 1991; Strategies adoped in Reform

Different perspectives on globalisation and its impact on different sectors; Political Impact of globalisation. (Chapter 4)

5. Consumer Rights: ***How consumer is exploited (one or two simple case studies) factors causing exploitation of consumers; Rise of consumer awareness; how a consumer should be in a market; role of government in consumer protection. (Chapter 5)

To make aware of a major employment generating sector.

Sensitise the learner of how and why governments invest in such an important sector.

Provide children with some idea about how a particular economic

Making the child aware of his or her rights and duties as a consumer.

Familiarizing the legal measures available to protect from being exploited in markets.

Suggested Activities

Theme 4**:

Provide many examples of service sector activities. Use numerical examples, charts and photographs.

Theme 5***:

Collect logos of standards available for various goods and services. Visit a consumer court nearby and discuss in the class the proceedings; Collect stories of consumer exploitation and grievances from newspapers and consumer courts.

Suggested Question Paper DesignSocial Science (Code No. 087)

Class XTime: 3 Hours Max Marks: 90

S. No. Typology of Questions

Very Short

Answer (VSA)

(1 Mark)

Short Answer-II

(SA)(3 Marks)

Long Answer

(LA)(5 Marks)

Total Marks

%Weightage

1Remembering (Knowledge based Simple recall questions, to

2 2 2 18 20%

2

Understanding (Comprehension—to be familiar with meaning and to understand conceptually, interpret, compare, contrast, explain, paraphrase, or interpret information). 2 1 2 15 17%

3Application (Use abstract information in concrete situation, to apply knowledge to new situations; Use given content to interpret a situation, provide an example, or solve a problem).

2 4 2 24 26%

4

High Order Thinking Skills (Analysis & Synthesis—Classify, compare, contrast, or differentiates between different pieces of information; Organize and/or integrate unique pieces of information from a variety of sources).

2 2 2 18 20%

5

Creating, Evaluation and Multi-Creating, Evaluation and Multi-Disciplinary (Generating new ideas, product or ways of viewing things Appraise, judge, and/or justify the value or worth of a decision or outcome, or to predict outcomes based on values).

– 3* – 9 10%

6 Map – 1 – 3 7%

Total 8 × 1 = 8 14 × 3 = 42 8 × 5 = 40 90 100%

* One question of 3 marks will be included to assess the values inherent in the texts.

1 H-2 – H-30

2 §¢ÇUæð-¿æ§Ùæ ×ð´ ÚUæcÅþUßæÎè ¥æ¢ÎæðÜÙ H-31 – H-50

3 ÖæÚUÌ ×ð´ ÚUæcÅþUßæÎ H-51 – H-76

1 G-2 – G-25

2 G-26 – G-51

3 G-52 – G-76

1 C-2 – C-14

2 C-15 – C-28

3 C-29 – C-41

4 C-42 – C-54

1 E-2 – E-18

2 E-19 – E-34

3 E-35 – E-50

M-1 – M-9

Super Refresher

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v}y} ߸0 ó »˝§Ê¢‚ ◊¥ ©UŒÊ⁄UflÊÁŒÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë ∑˝§Ê¢Áà ÃÕÊ ◊äÿflª¸, ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ •ÊÒ⁄U ¬˝ÁÃÁŸäÿÊà◊∑§ ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UÊ¥ ∑§ ªΔUŸ ∑§Ë ◊Ê°ª–

v}z~-v}|Æ ß¸0 ó ß≈U‹Ë ∑§Ê ∞∑§Ë∑§⁄UáÊ–

v}{v ߸0 ó ß◊ŸÈ∞‹ ÁmÃËÿ ∑§Ê ∞∑§Ë∑Χà ß≈U‹Ë ∑§Ê ⁄UÊ¡Ê ÉÊÊÁcÊà Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ–

v}|v ߸0 ó ¬˝‡ÊÊ ∑§Ê ⁄UÊ¡Ê ÁflÁ‹ÿ◊ ¬˝Õ◊ ¡◊¸ŸË ∑§Ê ‚◊˝Ê≈U ÉÊÊÁcÊà „ÈU•Ê–

v}{{-v}|v ߸0 ó ¡◊¸ŸË ∑§Ê ∞∑§Ë∑§⁄UáÊ–

v~Æz ߸0 ó „ÒUé‚’ª¸ •ÊÒ⁄U •Ê≈UÊ◊Ÿ ‚Ê◊˝ÊÖÿÊ¥ ◊¥ S‹Êfl ⁄UÊc≈˛UflÊŒ ∑§Ë ÷ÊflŸÊ ∑§Ê ’‹ Á◊‹Ê–‚Ê◊ÊÁ¡∑

∞Ÿ0‚Ë0߸0•Ê⁄U0≈UË0 ¬ÊΔ˜UÔÿ¬ÈSÃ∑§ ¬˝‡ŸÊààÊ⁄U

‚¢ ʬ ◊¥ Á‹π¥—

¬˝‡Ÿ v. ÁŸêŸÁ‹Áπà ¬⁄U Á≈Uå¬áÊË Á‹π¥—

(∑§) ÖÿÈ‚¬ ◊Áà‚ŸË (π) ∑§Ê©¢U≈U ∑Ò§Á◊‹Ù Œ ∑§ÊflÍ⁄U(ª) ÿÍŸÊŸË SflâòÊÃÊ ÿȌԜ

(ÉÊ) »Ò¥§∑§$»§≈¸U ‚¢‚Œ (æU) ⁄UÊc≈˛UflÊŒË ‚¢ÉÊ·ÙZ ◊¥ ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ù¥ ∑§Ë ÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê

©UàÃ⁄U (∑§) ÖÿÈ‚¬ ◊Áà‚ŸË— ÖÿÈ‚¬ ◊Áà‚ŸË ß≈U‹Ë ∑§Ê ∞∑§ ∑˝§Ê¢ÁÃ∑§Ê⁄UË ÕÊ– fl„U ß≈U‹Ë ∑§Ù ∞∑§ ⁄UÊc≈UÔ˛U ∑§ M§¬ ◊¥ ŒπŸÊ øÊ„UÃÊ ÕÊ– ©U‚∑§Ê ¡ã◊

v}Æ| ◊¥ ¡ŸÙ•Ê ◊¥ „ÈU•Ê ÕÊ– fl„U “∑§Ê’Ù¸ŸÊ⁄UË” ∑§ ªÈåà ‚¢ªΔUŸ ∑§Ê ‚ŒSÿ ÕÊ– wy fl·¸ ∑§Ë •ÊÿÈ ◊¥ Á‹ªÈÁ⁄UÿÊ ◊¥ ∑˝§Ê¢Áà ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§

∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ©U‚ ’Á„Uc∑Χà ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ ªÿÊ– ÃଇøÊØ ©U‚Ÿ ŒÙ •ãÿ ÷ÍÁ◊ªÃ ‚¢ªΔUŸÙ¥ — ◊Ê‚¸ß¸ ◊¥ “ÿ¢ª ß≈U‹Ë” •ı⁄U ’Ÿ¸ ◊¥ “ÿ¢ª ÿÍ⁄UÙ¬”

∑§Ë SÕʬŸÊ ∑§Ë– “ÿ¢ª ÿÍ⁄UÙ¬” ∑§ ‚ŒSÿ ¬Ù‹Ò¥«U, »˝§Ê¢‚, ß≈U‹Ë •ı⁄U ¡◊¸Ÿ ⁄UÊÖÿÙ¥ ∑§ ÿÈflÊ Õ– ©UŸ∑§ ÁfløÊ⁄U ∞∑§ ¡Ò‚ Õ–

◊Áà‚ŸË ∑§Ê ◊ÊŸŸÊ ÕÊ Á∑§ ߸‡fl⁄U ∑§Ë ßë¿UÊ ∑§ •ŸÈ‚Ê⁄U ⁄UÊc≈˛U „UË ◊ŸÈcÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë ¬˝Ê∑ΧÁÃ∑§ ß∑§Ê߸ „ÒU– •Ã— ß≈U‹Ë ¿UÙ≈U-¿UÙ≈U ⁄UÊÖÿÙ¥ •ı⁄U

¬˝Œ‡ÊÙ¥ ∑§ M§¬ ◊¥ Ÿ„UË¥ ⁄U„U ‚∑§ÃÊ– ©U‚ ∞∑§Ë∑Χà ∑§⁄U∑§ ∞∑§ √ÿʬ∑§ ⁄UÊc≈˛U •ı⁄U ªáÊâòÊ ’ŸÊŸÊ „UË „U٪ʖ ©U‚∑§ •ŸÈ‚Ê⁄U ∑§fl‹

∞∑§Ë∑§⁄UáÊ „UË ß≈U‹Ë ∑§Ë ◊ÈÁÄà ∑§Ê •ÊœÊ⁄U „UÙ ‚∑§ÃÊ ÕÊ– ©U‚∑§ ß‚ ◊ÊÚ«U‹ ∑§Ë ŒπÊ-ŒπË ¡◊¸ŸË, »˝§Ê¢‚, ÁSfl≈˜U Ê⁄U‹Ò¥«U •ı⁄U ¬Ù‹Ò¥«U

◊¥ ÷Ë ªÈåà ‚¢ªΔUŸ ’ŸÊ∞ ª∞– ◊Áà‚ŸË Ÿ ⁄UʡâòÊ ∑§Ê ÉÊÙ⁄U Áfl⁄UÙœ Á∑§ÿÊ •ı⁄U ¬˝¡ÊÃÊ¢ÁòÊ∑§ ªáÊâòÊÙ¥ ∑§ •¬Ÿ SflåŸ Ÿ M§Á…∏UflÊÁŒÿÙ¥ ∑§Ù

ŸÃ◊SÃ∑§ ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ– •ÊÚÁS≈˛UÿÊ ∑§ øÊ¢‚‹⁄U ◊Ò≈U⁄UÁŸπ Ÿ ©U‚ “„U◊Ê⁄UË ‚Ê◊ÊÁ¡∑§ √ÿflSÕÊ ∑§Ê ‚’‚ πÃ⁄UŸÊ∑§ ‡ÊòÊÈ” ’ÃÊÿÊ–

(π) ∑§Ê©¢U≈U ∑Ò§Á◊‹Ù Œ ∑§ÊflÍ⁄U— ∑§ÊflÍ⁄U ‚Ê«U˸UÁŸÿÊ-¬Ë«U◊Ê¢≈UU ∑§ ‡ÊÊ‚∑§ ÁflÄ≈U⁄U ß◊ŸÈ∞‹ Œ˜ÁflÃËÿ ∑§Ê ◊¢òÊË ¬˝◊Èπ ÕÊ– ©U‚Ÿ ß≈U‹Ë ∑§

¬˝Œ‡ÊÙ¥ ∑§Ù ∞∑§Ë∑Χà ∑§⁄UŸ flÊ‹ •Ê¢ŒÙ‹Ÿ ∑§Ê ŸÃÎàfl Á∑§ÿÊ– ©U‚∑§Ê Ÿ ÃÙ ¡ŸÃ¢òÊ ◊¥ Áfl‡flÊ‚ ÕÊ •ı⁄U Ÿ „UË fl„U ∞∑§ ∑˝§Ê¢ÁÃ∑§Ê⁄UË ÕÊ–

fl„U ßÃÊ‹flË ÷Ê·Ê ‚ •ë¿UË »˝¥§ø ’Ù‹ÃÊ ÕÊ– »˝§Ê¢‚ ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ‚Ê«U˸ÁŸÿÊ-¬Ë«U◊Ê¢≈UU ∑§Ë ∞∑§ ∑ͧ≈UŸËÁÃ∑§ ‚¢Áœ ∑§ ¬Ë¿U ∑§ÊflÍ⁄U ∑§Ê „UÊÕ

ÕÊ– ß‚Ë ‚¢Áœ ∑§ ¬Á⁄UáÊÊ◊SflM§¬ v}z~ ߸0 ◊¥ ‚Ê«U˸ÁŸÿÊ-¬Ë«U◊Ê¢≈U •ÊÚÁS≈˛UÿÊ߸ ‚ŸÊ ∑§Ù „U⁄UÊŸ ◊¥ ‚»§‹ ⁄U„UÊ ÕÊ–

(ª) ÿÍŸÊŸË SflâòÊÃÊ ÿÈŒ˜œ— ÿÍŸÊŸË SflâòÊÃÊ ÿÈŒ˜œ v}wv ߸0 ◊¥ •Ê⁄¢U÷ „ÈU•Ê– ¬¢º˝„UflË ‚ŒË ◊¥ ÿÍŸÊŸ •ÊÚ≈UÙ◊Ÿ ‚Ê◊˝ÊÖÿ ∑§Ê ∞∑§ ÷ʪ

ÕÊ– •Ÿ∑§ ⁄UÊc≈˛UflÊŒË ÿÍŸÊŸË ÁŸflʸ‚Ÿ ∑§Ê ¡ËflŸ √ÿÃËà ∑§⁄U ⁄U„U Õ– ߟ ÁŸflʸÁ‚à ÿÍŸÊÁŸÿÙ¥ ∑§Ù ÿÍ⁄UÙ¬ ∑§ ’ÈŒ˜Áœ¡ËÁflÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ‚◊Õ¸Ÿ

¬˝Êåà ÕÊ– ÿ ‹Ùª ÿÍŸÊŸ ∑§Ë ¬˝ÊøËŸ ‚¢S∑ΧÁà ∑§ ¬˝Áà ‚„UÊŸÈ÷ÍÁà ⁄Uπà Ֆ ß‚Ë ‚◊ÿ ÿÍŸÊŸË ∑§ÁflÿÙ¥ ÃÕÊ ∑§‹Ê∑§Ê⁄UÙ¥ Ÿ ÿÍŸÊŸ ∑§Ù

ÿÍ⁄UÙ¬Ëÿ ‚èÿÃÊ ∑§Ê ¬Ê‹ŸÊ ’ÃÊ∑§⁄U Œ‡Ê ∑§Ë ¬˝‡Ê¢‚Ê ∑§Ë– ©Uã„UÙ¥Ÿ ◊ÈÁS‹◊ ‚Ê◊˝ÊÖÿ ∑§ ÁflL§Œ˜œ •¬Ÿ ‚¢ÉÊ·¸ ◊¥ ¡Ÿ◊à ÷Ë ÃÒÿÊ⁄U

Á∑ ÿÊ– •¢ª˝ Ê ∑ Áfl ‹Ê«¸U ’ÊÚÿ⁄UŸ ÃÙ œŸ ß∑§≈˜UΔUÊ ∑§⁄U∑§ ÿÈŒ˜œ Ã∑§ ‹«∏UŸ ª∞– fl„UÊ° v}wy ◊¥ ’ÈπÊ⁄U ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ©UŸ∑§Ë ◊ÎàÿÈ „UÙ ªß¸–

⁄ ÿŸÊŸ ∑ Ù ∞∑ SflâòÊ ⁄UÊc≈˛UU ∑§Ê Œ¡Ê¸ ¬˝ŒÊŸ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ–Á flª¸ ◊¥ ⁄Êc≈flÊŒË

(æU) ’ÊÀ∑§Ÿ ˇÊòÊ ◊ Í

•ÊÁŒ ‚÷Ë Œ‡ÊÙ¥ Ÿ •ÊÚ≈UÙ◊Ÿ ‚Ê◊˝ÊÖÿ ∑§Ë ∑§◊ ÊÙ⁄UË ∑§Ê ‹Ê÷ ©UΔUÊ∑§⁄

ˇÊòÊ ◊¥ ∑§ß¸ ÿÈŒ˜œ „ÈU∞– ߟ ÿÈŒ˜œÙ¥ Ÿ ¬˝Õ◊ Áfl‡flÿÈŒ˜œ ∑§Ë ÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê ÃÒÿÊ⁄U ∑§Ë–

¬Á⁄UÿÊ¡ŸÊ ∑§Êÿ¸

ÿÍ⁄UÙ¬ ‚ ’Ê„U⁄U ∑§ Œ‡ÊÙ¥ ◊¥ ⁄UÊc≈˛UflÊŒË ¬˝ÃË∑§Ù¥ ∑§ ’Ê⁄ ◊¥ •ı⁄U ¡ÊŸ∑§ÊÁ⁄UÿÊ° ß∑§≈U˜ΔUË ∑§⁄¥U– ∞∑§ ÿÊ ŒÙ Œ‡ÊÙ¥ ∑§ Áfl·ÿ ◊¥ ∞‚Ë ÃSflË⁄¥U,

¬ÙS≈U‚¸ •ı⁄U ‚¢¡Ëà ß∑§≈˜UΔUÊ ∑§⁄¥U ¡Ù ⁄UÊc≈˛UflÊŒ ∑§ ¬˝ÃË∑§ Õ– ÿÍ⁄UÙ¬Ëÿ ⁄UÊc≈˛UflÊŒ ∑§ ¬ÃË∑§Ù¥ ‚ Á÷㟠∑Ò§‚ „Ò¥U?

©UàÃ⁄U ÷Ê⁄Uà ⁄UÊc≈˛U ∑§ ¬˝ÃË∑§

(∑§) ÷Ê⁄UÃ-◊ÊÃÊ ∑§Ë ÃSflË⁄U (π) ÁÃ⁄¢UªÊ

(ª) ⁄UÊc≈˛UªÊŸ ó ¡Ÿ-ªŸ-◊Ÿ... (ÉÊ) ⁄UÊc≈˛UËÿ ªËà ó fl㌠◊ÊÃ⁄U◊˜

(æU) ⁄UÊc≈˛U-ÁøqÔUU ó ‚Ê⁄UŸÊÕ ◊¥ •‡ÊÙ∑§ SÃê÷ ∑§Ê ‡ÊË·¸

(ø) ⁄UÊc≈˛UËÿ ¬Èc¬ (∑§◊‹), ⁄Êc≈˛UËÿ ¬‡ÊÈ (’ÊÉÊ) •ÊÁŒ–

ÿ ¬˝ÃË∑§ ÿÍ⁄UÙ¬Ëÿ ⁄UÊc≈˛UflÊŒ ∑§ ¬˝ÃË∑§Ù¥ ‚ ß‚ ŒÎÁc≈U ◊¥ Á÷㟠„Ò¥U Á∑§ ÿ ÷Ê⁄Uà ⁄UÊc≈˛U ∑§Ë

¬„UøÊŸ „Ò¥U ÃÕÊ ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿÙ¥ ∑§Ù ∞∑§¡È≈U „UÙŸ ÃÕÊ •¬Ÿ ⁄UÊc≈˛U ¬⁄U ªfl¸ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ Á‹∞

¬˝Á⁄Uà ∑§⁄à „Ò¥U–

∞Ÿ0‚Ë0߸0•Ê⁄U0≈UË0 ¬ÊΔ˜UÔÿ ¬˝‡ŸÊààÊ⁄U

¬˝‡Ÿ v. ⁄UŸŸ ∑§Ë ‚◊¤Ê ∑§ •ŸÈ‚Ê⁄U ∞∑§ ⁄UÊc≈˛U ∑§Ë Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊ•Ù¥ ∑§Ê ‚¢ÁˇÊåà Áflfl⁄UáÊ Œ¥– ©UŸ∑§ ◊ÃÊŸÈ‚Ê⁄U ⁄UÊc≈˛U ÄÿÙ¥ ◊„ààfl¬Íáʸ „ÒU?

©UàÃ⁄ ⁄UŸŸ ∑§ •ŸÈ‚Ê⁄U ∞∑§ ⁄UÊc≈˛U ∑§Ë ÁŸêŸÁ‹Áπà Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊ∞¢ „UÙÃË „Ò¥U—

(∑§) ⁄UÊc≈˛U ‹¢’ ¬˝ÿÊ‚Ù¥, àÿʪ •ı⁄U ÁŸcΔUÊ ∑§Ê ø⁄U◊ Á’¢ŒÈ „UÙÃÊ „ÒU–

(π) ß‚∑§Ê •ÊœÊ⁄U flË⁄UÃÊ ÷⁄UÊ •ÃËÃ, ◊„UʬÈL§·Ù¥ ∑§ ŸÊ◊ ÃÕÊ ¬˝ÊøËŸ ªı⁄Ufl „ÙÃÊ „ÒU–

(ª) ∞∑§ ¡Ÿ‚◊Í„U ∑§ ⁄UÊc≈˛U „UÙŸ ∑§Ë •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ ‡ÊÃZ „Ò¥U— •ÃËà ◊¥ ‚◊ÊŸ ªı⁄Ufl ∑§Ê „UÙŸÊ, flø◊ÊŸ ◊¥ ∞∑§ ‚◊ÊŸ ßë¿UÊ ÃÕÊ ‚¢∑§À¬

∑§Ê „UÙŸÊ, ∞∑§ ‚ÊÕ Á◊‹∑§⁄U ◊„UÊŸ˜ ∑§Êÿ¸ ∑§⁄UŸÊ •ı⁄U ÷Áflcÿ ◊¥ ß‚Ë ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§ ∑§Êÿ¸ ∑§⁄Uà ⁄U„UŸ ∑§Ë ßë¿UÊ–

(ÉÊ) ∞∑§ ⁄UÊc≈˛U ∑§Ë Á∑§‚Ë Œ‡Ê ∑§ Áfl‹ÿ •ÕflÊ ©U‚ ¬⁄U ©U‚∑§Ë ßë¿Ê ∑§ ÁflL§Œ˜œ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U ¡◊Ê∞ ⁄UπŸ ◊¥ ∑§Ù߸ L§Áø Ÿ„UË¥ „UÙÃË–

(æU) flÊSÃfl ◊¥ ⁄UÊc≈˛U ∞∑§ ’«∏UË ÃÕÊ √ÿʬ∑§ ∞∑§ÃÊ „ÒU– ß‚∑§Ê •ÁSÃàfl ¬˝ÁÃÁŒŸ „UÙŸ flÊ‹ ¡Ÿ◊à ‚¢ª˝„U ◊¥ ÁŸÁ„Uà „ÒU–

◊„Uààfl— ⁄UŸŸ ∑§ •ŸÈ‚Ê⁄U ⁄UÊc≈˛UÙ¥ ∑§Ê „UÙŸÊ  ÊM§⁄UË „ÒU, ÄÿÙ¥Á∑§ ÿ SflâòÊÃÊ ∑§ ¬˝ÃË∑§ „Ò¥U– ÿÁŒ ‚¢‚Ê⁄U ◊¥ ∑§fl‹ ∞∑§ „UË ∑§ÊŸÍŸ „UÙ •ı⁄U ©U‚

‹ÊªÍ ∑§⁄UŸ flÊ‹Ê ∞∑§ „UË √ÿÁÄà „UÙ ÃÙ SflâòÊÃÊ ∑§Ê ‹Ù¬ „UÙ ¡Ê∞ªÊ–

¬‡Ÿ w ©Ÿ ⁄Ê¡ŸËÁÃ∑§ ©UŒ˜Œ‡ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê Áflfl⁄UáÊ Œ¥ Á¡ã„¥U •ÊÁÕ¸∑§ ∑§Œ◊Ù¥ Œ˜flÊ⁄UÊ „UÊÁ‚‹ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ë ©Uê◊ËŒ Á‹S≈U ∑§Ù „ÒU–

fl‹ •ı⁄ ∑ fl‹ ¡◊¸ŸË ∑§Ê ∞∑§Ë∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§⁄UŸÊ ÕÊ– fl„U ß‚ ©UŒ˜Œ‡ÿ ∑§Ë ¬ÍÁø ¡◊¸Ÿ ⁄UÊÖÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë

•ÊÁÕ¸∑ √ÿflSÕÊ „Ë ⁄Êc≈˛UËÿ ÷ÊflŸÊ•Ù¥ ∑§Ù

∞ ŸÊ⁄UËflÊŒË ⁄UÊ¡ŸËÁÃ∑§ ‚ªΔUŸ ÁøòÊ Áfl‡‹cÊáÊÁŒ∞ ª∞ ÁøòÊ ∑§Ê •äÿÿŸ ∑§⁄U ÁŸêŸÁ‹Áπà ¬˝‡ŸÊ¥ ∑§ ©UààÊ⁄U Œ¥—

‚Ê◊ÊÁ¡∑§ ÁflôÊÊŸSfl-◊ÍÀÿÊ¢∑§Ÿ ¬⁄UˡÊáÊ

ÁŸœÊ¸Á⁄Uà ‚◊ÿ— yÆ Á◊Ÿ≈U

•Áœ∑§Ã◊ •¢∑§— wzÁŸêŸÁ‹Áπà ¬˝‡ŸÊ¥ ∑§ ©UàÃ⁄U ŒËÁ¡∞—•Áà ‹ÉÊÈ-©UààÊ⁄UËÿ ¬˝‡Ÿ

v. Ÿ¬ÊÁ‹ÿŸ ∑§Ë ‚Á„UÃÊ ◊¥ „ÈU∞ ∞∑§ ¬Á⁄UfløŸ ∑§Ê ©UÀ‹π ∑§ËÁ¡∞–v

w. ÿÍ⁄Uʬ ◊¥ v~flË¥ ‡ÊÃÊéŒË ∑§ ‡ÊÈL§•ÊÃË Œ‡Ê∑§Ê¥ ◊¥ ⁄UÊc≈˛UËÿ ∞∑§ÃÊ ‚ ‚¢’¢ÁœÃ ÁfløÊ⁄U Á∑§‚ •flœÊ⁄UáÊÊ ‚ ¡È«∏U Õ? vx. »˝§Ê¢‚ ◊¥ Á∑§‚ ∑§ ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ ∑§ ŒÊÒ⁄UÊŸ ‚÷Ë flÿS∑§ ¬ÈL§cÊÊ¥ ∑§Ê ◊ÃÊÁœ∑§Ê⁄U ¬˝Êåà ÕÊ?y. v}vz ∑§Ë M§Á…∏UflÊŒË √ÿflSÕÊ ∑ •Ê‹Êø∑ Ê¥ ŒÔflÊ⁄Ê ©ΔÊÿ

©UëëÊ ∑§Ê҇ʋ ¬⁄U •ÊœÊÁ⁄Uà ¬˝‡Ÿ ¬˝‡Ÿ v. ¡Ÿ◊à ‚¢ª˝„U ‚ ÄÿÊ •Ê‡Êÿ „ÒU?©UàÃ⁄U ¡Ÿ◊à ‚¢ª˝„U ∞∑§ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ê ¬˝àÿˇÊ ◊Ìʟ „UÙÃÊ „ÒU Á¡‚◊¥ ∞∑§ ˇÊòÊ ∑§ ‚÷Ë ‹ÙªÙ¥ ‚ Á∑§‚Ë ¬˝SÃÊfl ∑§Ù SflË∑§Ê⁄U •ÕflÊ •SflË∑§Ê⁄U ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Á‹∞ ¬Í¿UÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU–

¬˝‡Ÿ w. ŸÊ⁄UËflÊŒ ∑§Ê •Õ¸ S¬c≈U ∑§ËÁ¡∞–©UàÃ⁄U SòÊË-¬ÈL§· ∑§Ë ‚Ê◊ÊÁ¡∑§, •ÊÁÕ¸∑§ ÃÕÊ ⁄UÊ¡ŸËÁÃ∑§ ‚◊ÊŸÃÊ ∑§ •ÊœÊ⁄U ¬⁄U ÁSòÊÿÙ¥ ∑§ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄UÙ¥ ÃÕÊ Á„UÃÙ¥ ∑§Ê ’Ùœ ŸÊ⁄UËflÊŒ∑§„U‹ÊÃÊ „ÒU–¬˝‡Ÿ x. ⁄UÊc≈˛U ∑§ ◊ÊŸflËÿ∑§⁄UáÊ ‚ ÄÿÊ •Á÷¬˝Êÿ „ÒU?©UàÃ⁄U Á∑§‚Ë ⁄UÊc≈˛U ∑§Ù Á∑§‚Ë √ÿÁÄà ∑§ M§¬ ◊¥ ¬„UøÊŸ ŒŸÊ ⁄UÊc≈˛U ∑§Ê ◊ÊŸflËÿ∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§„U‹ÊÃÊ „ÒU–

¬˝‡Ÿ y. ÁŸêŸÁ‹Áπà ¬˝ÃË∑§Ù¥ ∑§Ê ÄÿÊ •Õ¸ „ÒU?È ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ù ∑§Ù ß‚ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U ‚ flÁøà ⁄UπÊ ªÿÊ „U–

◊ÍÀÿ •ÊœÊÁ⁄Uà ¬˝‡Ÿ¬˝‡Ÿ v. ∞∑§ ⁄UÊc≈˛U ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ¡È«∏U ∑§Ê߸ ÃËŸ ◊ÍÀÿ ’ÃÊß∞–©UàÃ⁄U (∑§) ⁄UÊc≈˛U ∑§ Á‹∞ àÿʪ (π) ⁄Êc≈˛U ∑§ ¬˝Áà ÁŸcΔUÊ(ª) ‡ÊÊÒÿ¸-flË⁄UÃÊ ‚ ÿÈÄà •ÃËà ¬⁄U ªfl¸ (ÉÊ) ◊„UÊŸ˜ ¬ÈL§cÊÊ¥ ¬⁄U ªfl¸– (∑§Ê߸ ÃËŸ)¬˝‡Ÿ w. ∑§Ê߸ ÃËŸ ◊ÍÀÿ ’ÃÊ•Ê Á¡Ÿ∑§Ê ‹Ê∑§Ã¢òÊ ◊¥ ◊„Uààfl ÁŒÿÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU, ¬⁄¢UÃÈ ÁŸ⁄¢U∑ȧ‡Ê-âòÊ ◊¥ ©UŸ∑§Ê Œ◊Ÿ Á∑§ÿÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU–©UàÃ⁄U (∑§) √ÿÁÄà ∑§Ë SflâòÊÃÊ (π) √ÿÁÄà ∑§Ë ªÁ⁄U◊Ê(ª) ◊ŸÈcÿ-◊ŸÈcÿ ◊¥ ‚◊ÊŸÃÊ ∞fl¢ ‚◊ÊŸ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U (ÉÊ) ÷ÊcÊáÊ •Á÷√ÿÁÄà ∑§Ë SflâòÊÃÊ(æU) ∑§ÊŸÍŸ ∑§ ‚◊ˇÊ ’⁄UÊ’⁄UË– (∑ Ê߸ ÃËŸ) ‚Ê◊ÊÁ¡∑§ ÁflôÊÊŸ ⁄UøŸÊà◊∑§ ◊ÍÀÿÊ¢∑§Ÿ

’„ÈU-Áfl∑§À¬Ëÿ ¬˝‡ŸÁŒ∞ ª∞ Áfl∑§À¬Ê¥ ◊¥ ‚ ‚„UË Áfl∑§À¬ ∑§Ê øÈŸÊfl ∑§⁄¥U—¬˝‡Ÿ v. »˝§«UÁ⁄U∑§ ‚ÊÚ⁄UÿÔ ∑§ÊÒŸ ÕÊ?

(∑§) ∞∑§ »˝§Ê¢‚Ë‚Ë ∑§‹Ê∑§Ê⁄U (π) ∞∑§ Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ∑§‹Ê∑§Ê⁄U (ª) ∞∑§ •◊⁄UË∑§Ë ∑§‹Ê∑§Ê⁄U (ÉÊ) ∞∑§ ¡Ê¬ÊŸË ∑§‹Ê∑§Ê⁄U©UàÃ⁄U (∑§) ∞∑§ »˝§Ê¢‚Ë‚Ë ∑§‹Ê∑§Ê⁄U¬˝‡Ÿ w. »˝§Ê¢‚Ë‚Ë ∑˝§Ê¢Áà ∑§’ „ÈU߸?

ßÁÄUÊ‚(÷Ê⁄Uà •ÊÒ⁄U ‚◊∑§Ê‹ËŸ Áfl‡fl-w)

ÿÍ⁄Uʬ ◊¥ ⁄UÊc≈˛UflÊŒ ∑§Ê ©UŒÿߢ«UÊ-øÊßŸÊ ◊¥ ⁄UÊc≈˛UflÊŒË •Ê¢ŒÊ‹Ÿ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ⁄UÊc≈˛UflÊŒ

π¢«U ∑§

1•äÿÊÿ ∑§ ¬˝◊Èπ ÁflcÊÿ-flSÃÈ

•äÿÊÿ ∑§ ◊ÈÅÿ •¢‡Ê

v|}~ ∑§Ë »˝§Ê¢‚Ë‚Ë ∑˝§Ê¢Áà ⁄UÊc≈˛UflÊŒ ∑§Ë ¬„U‹Ë S¬c≈U •Á÷√ÿÁÄà ÕË– ß‚Ÿ »˝§Ê¢‚ ◊¥ ⁄UʡâòÊ ∑§Ù ‚◊Êåà ∑§⁄U∑§ ¬˝÷È‚àÃÊ »˝§Ê¢‚Ë‚Ë ŸÊªÁ⁄U∑§Ù¥ ∑§Ù ‚ı¥¬Ë–Ÿ¬ÙÁ‹ÿŸ »˝§Ê¢‚ ∑§Ê ‚◊˝Ê≈U˜ ÕÊ– ©U‚Ÿ •¬Ÿ •œËŸ ˇÊòÊÙ¥ ◊¥ ∞∑§ ‚◊ÊŸ ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ √ÿflSÕÊ ‹ÊªÍ ∑§Ë– fl„U •¬ŸË v}Æy ߸0 ∑§Ë ŸÊªÁ⁄U∑§ ‚¢Á„UÃÊ∑§ Á‹∞ Áfl‡Ê· M§¬ ‚ ÁflÅÿÊà „Ò– ß‚ ‚¢Á„UÃÊ Ÿ ∑§ÊŸÍŸ ∑§ ‚ê◊Èπ ‚◊ÊŸÃÊ ÃÕÊ ‚¢¬Áàà ∑§ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ù ‚È⁄UÁˇÊà ’ŸÊÿÊ–∑ȧ‹ËŸ flª¸ ÿÍ⁄UʬËÿ ◊„UÊŒ˜Ôflˬ ∑§Ê ‚’‚ ¬˝÷Êfl‡ÊÊ‹Ë flª¸ ÕÊ– ⁄UÊ¡ŸËÁÃ∑§ ∑§ÊÿÊZ ∑§ Á‹∞ ÿ„U flª¸ »˝¥§ø ÷ÊcÊÊ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÿʪ ∑§⁄UÃÊ ÕÊ– ‚¢ÅÿÊ ∑§Á„U‚Ê’ ‚ ÿ„U ‚’‚ ¿UÊ≈UÊ ‚◊Í„U ÕÊ–©UlʪË∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ß¢Ç‹Ò¥«U ◊¥ ‚’‚ ¬„U‹ Ÿ∞ ‚Ê◊ÊÁ¡∑§ flª¸ •ÁSÃàfl ◊¥ •Ê∞– ©UãŸË‚flË¥ ‡ÊÃÊéŒË ∑§ •¢ÁÃ◊ Œ‡Ê∑§Ê¥ ◊äÿ •ÊÒ⁄U ¬Ífl¸ ◊¥üÊÁ◊∑§-flª¸ •ÊÒ⁄U ◊äÿ flª¸ ◊¥ ߟ ‚◊Í„UÊ¥ ∑§Ê •Ê∑§Ê⁄U ’„ÈUà ‚ËÁ◊à ÕÊ–©UãŸË‚flË¥ ‚ŒË ∑§ ‡ÊÈL§•ÊÃË Œ‡Ê∑§ ◊¥ ÿÍ⁄Uʬ ◊¥ ⁄UÊc≈˛UËÿ ∞∑§ÃÊ ‚ ‚¢’¢ÁœÃ ÁfløÊ⁄U ©UŒÊ⁄UflÊŒ ‚ ¡È«∏U „ÈU∞ Õ– Ÿ∞ ◊äÿ flª¸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ©UŒÊ⁄UflÊŒ∑§Ê •Õ¸ ÕÊ √ÿÁÄêà •Ê¡ÊŒË ∞fl¢ ∑§ÊŸÍŸ ‚ ‚◊ˇÊ ’⁄UÊ’⁄UË–v}vz ◊¥ Ÿ¬ÊÁ‹ÿŸ ∑§ ¬ÃŸ ∑§ ’ÊŒ ÿÍ⁄Uʬ ◊¥ M§Á…∏UflÊŒ ∑§Ë œÊ⁄UáÊÊ ∑§Ê ¬˝Êà‚Ê„UŸ Á◊‹Ê– M§Á…∏UflÊŒË ÁfløÊ⁄UœÊ⁄UÊ ∑§ •ŸÈ‚Ê⁄U ⁄UÊÖÿ ÃÕÊ ‚◊Ê¡◊¥ SÕÊÁ¬Ã ¬˝ÊøËŸ ¬Ê⁄¢U¬Á⁄U∑§ ‚¢SÕÊ∞° ’ŸÊ∞ ⁄UπË ¡ÊŸË øÊÁ„U∞–ÁflÿŸÊ ∑§Ê¢ª˝‚ v}vz ◊¥ ’È‹Ê߸ ªß¸– ÿ„UÊ° „ÈU߸ ‚¢Áœ ∑§ •ŸÈ‚Ê⁄U Ÿ¬ÙÁ‹ÿŸ Œ˜flÊ⁄UÊ ÁflÁ¡Ã ¬˝Œ‡ÊÙ¥ ∑§Ë ¬ÈŸ— √ÿflSÕÊ ∑§Ë ªß¸– »˝§Ê¢‚ ∑§ ÁflSÃÊ⁄U ∑§Ù⁄UÙ∑§Ÿ ∑§ Á‹∞ ∑ȧ¿U Ÿ∞ ⁄UÊÖÿ ÷Ë SÕÊÁ¬Ã Á∑§∞ ª∞–ÿÍŸÊŸ ∑§ ‹ÙªÙ¥ Ÿ v}wv ◊¥ ≈U∑§Ë¸ ∑§ ÁflL§Œ˜œ Áflº˝Ù„U ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ– Áflº˝ÙÁ„UÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ‚¢øÊ‹Ÿ ◊ÊÀ«UÁflÿÊ ∑§ ⁄UÊ¡∑ȧ◊Ê⁄U „UÁå‚‹Ê¢≈UË Ÿ Á∑§ÿÊ–∞Á«˛Uÿٟ٬‹ ∑§Ë ‚¢Áœ (v}w~) ∑§ •ŸÈ‚Ê⁄U ≈U∑§Ë¸ Ÿ ÿÍŸÊŸ ∑§Ù SflâòÊ ÉÊÙÁ·Ã ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ–∑˝§Ê¢ÁÃ∑§Ê⁄UË •Ê¢ŒÙ‹ŸÙ¥ ∑§Ù Œ’ÊŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ÿÍ⁄UÙ¬ ∑§ ‡ÊÊ‚∑§Ù¥ ∑§ ¬˝ÿÊ‚ •‚»§‹ ⁄U„U– •Ã— v}xÆ ß¸0 ◊¥ •Ÿ∑§ Œ‡ÊÙ¥ ◊¥ ∑˝§Ê¢Áà ∑§Ë Áø¢ªÊ⁄UË ÷«∏U∑§©UΔUË– »˝§Ê¢‚ ∑§Ê ⁄UÊ¡Ê ÷ʪ ∑§⁄U ߢNjҥ«U ¡Ê ¬„È°UøÊ •ı⁄U ©U‚∑§Ê SÕÊŸ ‹È߸ Á»§Á‹¬ Ÿ ‹ Á‹ÿÊ– ©U‚Ÿ ¡ŸÃÊ ∑§Ë ßë¿UÊŸÈ‚Ê⁄U ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ ø‹ÊŸ ∑§ÊfløŸ ÁŒÿÊ– „UÊÚ‹Ò¥«U ‚ •Ê¡ÊŒË ¬ÊŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ’ÁÀ¡ÿ◊ ◊¥ Áflº˝Ù„U „ÈU•Ê– ß≈U‹Ë fl ¡◊¸ŸË ∑§ ∑§ß¸ ⁄UÊÖÿÙ¥ •ı⁄U ¬Ù‹Ò¥«U ◊¥ Áflº˝Ù„U „ÈU∞– ÿŒ˜ÿÁ¬•Áœ∑§Ê¢‡Ê Áflº˝Ù„UÙ¥ ∑§Ù Œ’Ê ÁŒÿÊ ªÿÊ, Á»§⁄U ÷Ë ŒÙ Ÿ∞ ⁄UÊc≈˛UÙ¥ ∑§Ë SflâòÊÃÊ ∑§Ù ◊ÊãÿÃÊ Á◊‹ „UË ªß¸– v}xÆ ◊¥ ÿÍŸÊŸ ∑§Ù •ı⁄U v}x~ ◊¥’ÁÀ¡ÿ◊ ∑§Ù–v}y} ߸0 ◊¥ ÿÍ⁄UÙ¬ ∑§ ‹ª÷ª ‚÷Ë Œ‡ÊÙ¥ ◊¥ ∑˝§Ê¢Áà „ÈU߸– ߟ ∑˝§Ê¢ÁÃÿÙ¥ Ÿ ¬ÁflòÊ ‚¢Áœ flÊ‹ Œ‡ÊÙ¥ ∑§Ù ¤ÊÈ‹‚Ê ∑§⁄U ⁄Uπ ÁŒÿÊ– ‹È߸ Á»§Á‹¬, Á¡‚v}xÆ ß¸0 ∑§ Áflº˝Ù„U ∑§ ’ÊŒ »˝§Ê¢‚ ∑§Ê ⁄UÊ¡Ê ’ŸÊÿÊ ªÿÊ ÕÊ, ÷ʪ ªÿÊ– »˝§Ê¢‚ Á»§⁄U ªáÊâòÊflÊŒË ’Ÿ ªÿÊ–ªÒ⁄UË’ÊÀ«UË ß≈U‹Ë ∑§Ê ◊„UÊŸ˜ ∑˝§Ê¢ÁÃ∑§Ê⁄UË ÕÊ– fl„U ◊Áà‚ŸË ∑§Ê ‚◊∑§Ê‹ËŸ ∞fl¢ ‚„UÿÙªË ÕÊ– ©U‚Ÿ “‹Ê‹ ∑ȧÃ˸” ŸÊ◊∑§ ‚ŸÊ ÃÒÿÊ⁄U ∑§Ë– ©U‚∑§Ë‚„UÊÿÃÊ ‚ ©U‚Ÿ •ÊÚÁS≈˛UÿÊ ∑§Ë ‚ŸÊ•Ù¥ ∑§Ù „U⁄UÊÿÊ– ©U‚Ÿ ß≈U‹Ë ∑§Ë SflâòÊÃÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ ∑§ß¸ •Ê¢ŒÙ‹Ÿ ø‹Ê∞–

ÿÍ⁄UÙ¬ ◊¥ ⁄UÊc≈˛UflÊŒ ∑§Ê ©UŒÿπ¢«U I. ÉÊ≈UŸÊ∞° •ı⁄U ¬Á∑§ÿÊ∞°

»˝§Ê¢‚Ë‚Ë ∑˝§Ê¢Áà •ÊÒ⁄U ⁄UÊc≈˛U ∑§Ê ÁfløÊ⁄UÿÍ⁄Uʬ ◊¥ ⁄UÊc≈˛UflÊŒ ∑§Ê ÁŸ◊ʸáÊ∑˝§Ê¢ÁÃÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê ÿȪ v}xÆ-v}y}¡◊¸ŸË •ÊÒ⁄U ß≈U‹Ë ∑§Ê ÁŸ◊ʸáÊ⁄UÊc≈˛ ∑§Ë ŒÎ‡ÿ ∑§À¬ŸÊ⁄UÊc≈˛UUflÊŒ •ÊÒ⁄U ‚Ê◊˝ÊÖÿflÊŒ

(¬ÊΔ˜UÔÿ-¬ÈSÃ∑§ ∑§Ê •äÿÊÿ v)

H-2

ÿÍ⁄Uʬ ◊¥ ⁄UÊc≈˛UflÊŒ ∑§Ê ©UŒÿ H-3

∑§ÊflÍ⁄U ∑§Ù “ß≈U‹Ë ∑§Ê Á’S◊Ê∑¸§” ◊ÊŸÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU– fl„U ß≈U‹Ë ∑§ ‚Ê«U˸ÁŸÿÊ ⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§Ê ¬˝œÊŸ◊¢òÊË ÕÊ– ©U‚Ÿ ß≈U‹Ë ∑§ ∞∑§Ë∑§⁄UáÊ ◊¥ ’„ÈUà ÿÙªŒÊŸÁŒÿÊ– ©U‚Ÿ ‚fl¸¬˝Õ◊ •¬Ÿ ⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§Ù ß≈U‹Ë ◊¥ Á◊‹ÊŸ ∑§Ê ∑§Êÿ¸ Á∑§ÿÊ–¡◊¸ŸË ∑§ ⁄UÊ¡ŸËÁÃ∑§ ßÁÄUÊ‚ ◊¥ Á’S◊Ê∑¸§ ∑§Ù •Œ˜ÁflÃËÿ SÕÊŸ ¬˝Êåà „ÒU– ©U‚Ÿ ¡◊¸ŸË ∑§ ∞∑§Ë∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ “⁄UÄà ÃÕÊ ‹ı„U” ∑§Ë ŸËÁÕ¬ŸÊ߸– ©U‚ ¡Ò‚ ◊„UÊŸ˜ ∑˝§Ê¢ÁÃ∑§ÊÁ⁄UÿÙ¥ ∑§ ¬˝ÿàŸÙ¥ ‚ „UË ¡◊¸ŸË ∑§Ê ∞∑§Ë∑§⁄UáÊ ‚¢÷fl „ÈU•Ê–◊Ò≈UÁŸ¸π •ÊÚÁS≈˛UÿÊ ∑§Ê øÊ¢‚‹⁄U ÕÊ– fl„U ∞∑§ ¬˝ÁÃÁ∑˝§ÿÊflÊŒË ‡ÊÊ‚∑§ ÕÊ– ©U‚Ÿ ©UŒÊ⁄U ÁfløÊ⁄UÙ¥ ∑§Ê πÈ‹∑§⁄U Œ◊Ÿ Á∑§ÿÊ–◊Áà‚ŸË, ∑§ÊflÍ⁄U, ªÒ⁄UË’ÊÀ«UË ÃÕÊ ¬˝‡ÊÊ ∑§Ë ‚„UÊÿÃÊ ‚ ß≈U‹Ë v}|Æ ß¸0 ◊¥ ∞∑§ ⁄UÊc≈˛UU ∑§ M§¬ ◊¥ ©U÷⁄UÊ–Á’S◊Ê∑¸§ ∑§Ë ‚ÒÁŸ∑§ ∑ͧ≈UŸËÁÃ, •ÊS≈˛UÙ-¬˝‡ÊÊ ÿÈŒ˜œ ÃÕÊ »˝§Ê¢∑§Ù-¬˝‡ÊÊ ÿÈŒ˜œ ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ¡◊¸ŸË v}|Æ ß¸0 ◊¥ ∞∑§ ⁄UÊc≈˛U ’Ÿ ªÿÊ–◊Ê⁄ËU•ÊŸ •ı⁄U ¡◊¸ÁŸÿÊ ŒÙ ŸÊÁ⁄UÿÙ¥ ∑§ ÁøòÊ „Ò¥U– ©Uã„¥U ⁄UÊc≈˛UÙ¥ ∑§ M§¬∑§Ù¥ ∑§ M§¬ ◊¥ ÁøÁòÊà Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ „ÒU– ◊Ê⁄ËU•ÊŸ »˝§Ê¢‚Ë‚Ë ªáÊ⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§Ê¬˝ÁÃÁŸÁœàfl ∑§⁄UÃË „ÒU, ¡’Á∑§ ¡◊¸ÁŸÿÊ ¡◊¸Ÿ ⁄UÊc≈˛U ∑§Ê M§¬∑§ „ÒU–

◊„Uààfl¬Íáʸ ¬ÊÁ⁄U÷ÊÁcÊ∑§ ‡ÊéŒ ∞fl¢ ¬ŒÊfl‹Ë

ÁŸ⁄¢U∑ȧ‡ÊflÊŒ— ∞∑§ ∞‚Ë ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U •ÕflÊ ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ √ÿflSÕÊ Á¡‚◊¥ ‚ûÊÊ ¬⁄U Á∑§‚Ë ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ê ∑§Ê߸ •¢∑ȧ‡Ê Ÿ„UË¥ „UÊÃÊ– ÁŸ⁄¢U∑ȧ‡ÊflÊŒË ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U ‚Òãÿ ’‹¬⁄U •ÊœÊÁ⁄Uà „UÊÃË „Ò ÃÕÊ Œ◊Ÿ∑§Ê⁄UË ŸËÁÃÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê •ŸÈ‚⁄UáÊ ∑§⁄UÃË „ÒU–∑§À¬ŸÊŒ‡Ê¸ (ÿÈ≈UÊÁ¬ÿÊ)— ∞∑§ ∞‚ ‚◊Ê¡ ∑§Ë ∑§À¬ŸÊ ¡Ê ßÃŸÊ •ÊŒ‡Ê¸ „ÒU Á∑§ ©U‚∑§Ê ‚Ê∑§Ê⁄U „UÊŸÊ ‹ª÷ª •‚¢÷fl „UÊÃÊ „ÒU–¡Ÿ◊Ã-‚¢ª˝„U— ∞∑§ ¬˝àÿˇÊ ◊Ìʟ Á¡‚∑§ ◊Êäÿ◊ ‚ ∞∑§ ˇÊòÊ ∑§ ‚÷Ë ŸÊªÁ⁄U∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ê ∞∑§ ¬˝SÃÊfl SflË∑§Ê⁄U •ÕflÊ •SflË∑§Ê⁄U ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ¬Í¿UÊ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU–M§Á…∏UflÊŒ— ∞‚Ê ⁄UÊ¡ŸËÁÃ∑§ Œ‡Ê¸Ÿ ¡Ê ¬⁄U¢¬⁄UÊ, SÕÊÁ¬Ã ‚¢SÕÊŸÊ¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ⁄UËÁÃ-Á⁄UflÊ¡Ê¥ ¬⁄U •Áœ∑§ ’‹ „ÒU– ÿ„UU Ã Ê ’Œ‹ÊflÊ¥ ∑§Ë ÃÈ‹ŸÊ œË⁄U-œË⁄UÁfl∑§Ê‚ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÊÕÁ◊∑§ÃÊ ŒÃÊ „ÒU–ŸÊ⁄UËflÊŒ— ∞‚Ë ÁfløÊ⁄UœÊ⁄UÊ Á¡‚◊¥ SòÊË-¬ÈL§cÊ ∑§Ë ‚Ê◊ÊÁ¡∑§, •ÊÁÕ¸∑§ ÃÕÊ ⁄UÊ¡ŸËÁÃ∑§ ‚◊ÊŸÃÊ ∑§Ë ‚Êø ∑§ •ÊœÊ⁄U ¬⁄U ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ê¥ ∑§ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄UÊ¥•ÊÒ⁄U Á„UÃÊ¥ ∑§Ê ’Êœ Á∑§ÿÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU–ÁfløÊ⁄UœÊ⁄UÊ— ∞∑§ Áfl‡ÊcÊ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ë ‚Ê◊ÊÁ¡∑§ ∞fl¢ ⁄UÊ¡ŸËÁÃ∑§ ŒÎÁc≈U ∑§Ê Œ‡ÊʸŸ flÊ‹ ÁfløÊ⁄UÊ¥ ∑§Ê ‚◊Í„U–M§¬∑§— ¡’ Á∑§‚Ë •◊Íø ÁfløÊ⁄U ¡Ò‚, ‹Ê‹ø, ߸cÿÊ, SflâòÊÃÊ, ◊ÈÁÄà ßàÿÊÁŒ ∑§Ê Á∑§‚Ë √ÿÁÄà •ÕflÊ Á∑§‚Ë øË Ê ∑§ ◊Êäÿ◊ ‚ ¬˝ŒÁ‡Ê¸Ã Á∑§ÿÊ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU–

◊„Uààfl¬Íáʸ ÉÊ≈UŸÊ∑˝§◊

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MBD Super Refresher ‚Ê◊ÊÁ¡∑§ ÁflôÊÊŸ-XH-4

∞Ÿ0‚Ë0߸0•Ê⁄U0≈UË0 ¬ÊΔ˜UÔÿ¬ÈSÃ∑§ ¬˝‡ŸÊààÊ⁄U

‚¢ ʬ ◊¥ Á‹π¥—¬˝‡Ÿ v. ÁŸêŸÁ‹Áπà ¬⁄U Á≈Uå¬áÊË Á‹π¥—

(∑§) ÖÿÈ‚¬ ◊Áà‚ŸË (π) ∑§Ê©¢U≈U ∑Ò§Á◊‹Ù Œ ∑§ÊflÍ⁄U (ª) ÿÍŸÊŸË SflâòÊÃÊ ÿȌԜ(ÉÊ) »Ò¥§∑§$»§≈¸U ‚¢‚Œ (æU) ⁄UÊc≈˛UflÊŒË ‚¢ÉÊ·ÙZ ◊¥ ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ù¥ ∑§Ë ÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê (CBSE 2011)

©UàÃ⁄U (∑§) ÖÿÈ‚¬ ◊Áà‚ŸË— ÖÿÈ‚¬ ◊Áà‚ŸË ß≈U‹Ë ∑§Ê ∞∑§ ∑˝§Ê¢ÁÃ∑§Ê⁄UË ÕÊ– fl„U ß≈U‹Ë ∑§Ù ∞∑§ ⁄UÊc≈UÔ˛U ∑§ M§¬ ◊¥ ŒπŸÊ øÊ„UÃÊ ÕÊ– ©U‚∑§Ê ¡ã◊v}Æ| ◊¥ ¡ŸÙ•Ê ◊¥ „ÈU•Ê ÕÊ– fl„U “∑§Ê’Ù¸ŸÊ⁄UË” ∑§ ªÈåà ‚¢ªΔUŸ ∑§Ê ‚ŒSÿ ÕÊ– wy fl·¸ ∑§Ë •ÊÿÈ ◊¥ Á‹ªÈÁ⁄UÿÊ ◊¥ ∑˝§Ê¢Áà ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ©U‚ ’Á„Uc∑Χà ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ ªÿÊ– ÃଇøÊØ ©U‚Ÿ ŒÙ •ãÿ ÷ÍÁ◊ªÃ ‚¢ªΔUŸÙ¥ — ◊Ê‚¸ß¸ ◊¥ “ÿ¢ª ß≈U‹Ë” •ı⁄U ’Ÿ¸ ◊¥ “ÿ¢ª ÿÍ⁄UÙ¬”∑§Ë SÕʬŸÊ ∑§Ë– “ÿ¢ª ÿÍ⁄UÙ¬” ∑§ ‚ŒSÿ ¬Ù‹Ò¥«U, »˝§Ê¢‚, ß≈U‹Ë •ı⁄U ¡◊¸Ÿ ⁄UÊÖÿÙ¥ ∑§ ÿÈflÊ Õ– ©UŸ∑§ ÁfløÊ⁄U ∞∑§ ¡Ò‚ Õ–◊Áà‚ŸË ∑§Ê ◊ÊŸŸÊ ÕÊ Á∑§ ߸‡fl⁄U ∑§Ë ßë¿UÊ ∑§ •ŸÈ‚Ê⁄U ⁄UÊc≈˛U „UË ◊ŸÈcÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë ¬˝Ê∑ΧÁÃ∑§ ß∑§Ê߸ „ÒU– •Ã— ß≈U‹Ë ¿UÙ≈U-¿UÙ≈U ⁄UÊÖÿÙ¥ •ı⁄U¬˝Œ‡ÊÙ¥ ∑§ M§¬ ◊¥ Ÿ„UË¥ ⁄U„U ‚∑§ÃÊ– ©U‚ ∞∑§Ë∑Χà ∑§⁄U∑§ ∞∑§ √ÿʬ∑§ ⁄UÊc≈˛U •ı⁄U ªáÊâòÊ ’ŸÊŸÊ „UË „U٪ʖ ©U‚∑§ •ŸÈ‚Ê⁄U ∑§fl‹∞∑§Ë∑§⁄UáÊ „UË ß≈U‹Ë ∑§Ë ◊ÈÁÄà ∑§Ê •ÊœÊ⁄U „UÙ ‚∑§ÃÊ ÕÊ– ©U‚∑§ ß‚ ◊ÊÚ«U‹ ∑§Ë ŒπÊ-ŒπË ¡◊¸ŸË, »˝§Ê¢‚, ÁSfl≈˜U Ê⁄U‹Ò¥«U •ı⁄U ¬Ù‹Ò¥«U◊¥ ÷Ë ªÈåà ‚¢ªΔUŸ ’ŸÊ∞ ª∞– ◊Áà‚ŸË Ÿ ⁄UʡâòÊ ∑§Ê ÉÊÙ⁄U Áfl⁄UÙœ Á∑§ÿÊ •ı⁄U ¬˝¡ÊÃÊ¢ÁòÊ∑§ ªáÊâòÊÙ¥ ∑§ •¬Ÿ SflåŸ Ÿ M§Á…∏UflÊÁŒÿÙ¥ ∑§ÙŸÃ◊SÃ∑§ ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ– •ÊÚÁS≈˛UÿÊ ∑§ øÊ¢‚‹⁄U ◊Ò≈U⁄UÁŸπ Ÿ ©U‚ “„U◊Ê⁄UË ‚Ê◊ÊÁ¡∑§ √ÿflSÕÊ ∑§Ê ‚’‚ πÃ⁄UŸÊ∑§ ‡ÊòÊÈ” ’ÃÊÿÊ–

(π) ∑§Ê©¢U≈U ∑Ò§Á◊‹Ù Œ ∑§ÊflÍ⁄U— ∑§ÊflÍ⁄U ‚Ê«U˸UÁŸÿÊ-¬Ë«U◊Ê¢≈UU ∑§ ‡ÊÊ‚∑§ ÁflÄ≈U⁄U ß◊ŸÈ∞‹ Œ˜ÁflÃËÿ ∑§Ê ◊¢òÊË ¬˝◊Èπ ÕÊ– ©U‚Ÿ ß≈U‹Ë ∑§¬˝Œ‡ÊÙ¥ ∑§Ù ∞∑§Ë∑Χà ∑§⁄UŸ flÊ‹ •Ê¢ŒÙ‹Ÿ ∑§Ê ŸÃÎàfl Á∑§ÿÊ– ©U‚∑§Ê Ÿ ÃÙ ¡ŸÃ¢òÊ ◊¥ Áfl‡flÊ‚ ÕÊ •ı⁄U Ÿ „UË fl„U ∞∑§ ∑˝§Ê¢ÁÃ∑§Ê⁄UË ÕÊ–fl„U ßÃÊ‹flË ÷Ê·Ê ‚ •ë¿UË »˝¥§ø ’Ù‹ÃÊ ÕÊ– »˝§Ê¢‚ ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ‚Ê«U˸ÁŸÿÊ-¬Ë«U◊Ê¢≈UU ∑§Ë ∞∑§ ∑ͧ≈UŸËÁÃ∑§ ‚¢Áœ ∑§ ¬Ë¿U ∑§ÊflÍ⁄U ∑§Ê „UÊÕÕÊ– ß‚Ë ‚¢Áœ ∑§ ¬Á⁄UáÊÊ◊SflM§¬ v}z~ ߸0 ◊¥ ‚Ê«U˸ÁŸÿÊ-¬Ë«U◊Ê¢≈U •ÊÚÁS≈˛UÿÊ߸ ‚ŸÊ ∑§Ù „U⁄UÊŸ ◊¥ ‚»§‹ ⁄U„UÊ ÕÊ–

(ª) ÿÍŸÊŸË SflâòÊÃÊ ÿÈŒ˜œ— ÿÍŸÊŸË SflâòÊÃÊ ÿÈŒ˜œ v}wv ߸0 ◊¥ •Ê⁄¢U÷ „ÈU•Ê– ¬¢º˝„UflË ‚ŒË ◊¥ ÿÍŸÊŸ •ÊÚ≈UÙ◊Ÿ ‚Ê◊˝ÊÖÿ ∑§Ê ∞∑§ ÷ʪÕÊ– •Ÿ∑§ ⁄UÊc≈˛UflÊŒË ÿÍŸÊŸË ÁŸflʸ‚Ÿ ∑§Ê ¡ËflŸ √ÿÃËà ∑§⁄U ⁄U„U Õ– ߟ ÁŸflʸÁ‚à ÿÍŸÊÁŸÿÙ¥ ∑§Ù ÿÍ⁄UÙ¬ ∑§ ’ÈŒ˜Áœ¡ËÁflÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ‚◊Õ¸Ÿ¬˝Êåà ÕÊ– ÿ ‹Ùª ÿÍŸÊŸ ∑§Ë ¬˝ÊøËŸ ‚¢S∑ΧÁà ∑§ ¬˝Áà ‚„UÊŸÈ÷ÍÁà ⁄Uπà Ֆ ß‚Ë ‚◊ÿ ÿÍŸÊŸË ∑§ÁflÿÙ¥ ÃÕÊ ∑§‹Ê∑§Ê⁄UÙ¥ Ÿ ÿÍŸÊŸ ∑§ÙÿÍ⁄UÙ¬Ëÿ ‚èÿÃÊ ∑§Ê ¬Ê‹ŸÊ ’ÃÊ∑§⁄U Œ‡Ê ∑§Ë ¬˝‡Ê¢‚Ê ∑§Ë– ©Uã„UÙ¥Ÿ ◊ÈÁS‹◊ ‚Ê◊˝ÊÖÿ ∑§ ÁflL§Œ˜œ •¬Ÿ ‚¢ÉÊ·¸ ◊¥ ¡Ÿ◊à ÷Ë ÃÒÿÊ⁄UÁ∑§ÿÊ– •¢ª˝ Ê ∑§Áfl ‹Ê«¸U ’ÊÚÿ⁄UŸ ÃÙ œŸ ß∑§≈˜UΔUÊ ∑§⁄U∑§ ÿÈŒ˜œ Ã∑§ ‹«∏UŸ ª∞– fl„UÊ° v}wy ◊¥ ’ÈπÊ⁄U ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ©UŸ∑§Ë ◊ÎàÿÈ „UÙ ªß¸–•¢Ã× v}xw ◊¥ ∑ȧSÃÈŸÃÈÁŸÿÊ ∑§Ë ‚¢Áœ ∑§ •ŸÈ‚Ê⁄U ÿÍŸÊŸ ∑§Ù ∞∑§ SflâòÊ ⁄UÊc≈˛UU ∑§Ê Œ¡Ê¸ ¬˝ŒÊŸ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ–ÿÍŸÊŸ ∑§ SflâòÊÃÊ ‚¢ª˝Ê◊ ∑§Ê ⁄UÊc≈˛UflÊŒ ∑§ ßÁÄUÊ‚ ◊¥ Áfl‡Ê· ◊„Uààfl „ÒU– ß‚Ÿ ÿÍ⁄UÙ¬ ∑§ Á‡ÊÁˇÊà •Á÷¡Êà flª¸ ◊¥ ⁄UÊc≈˛UflÊŒË÷ÊflŸÊ•Ù¥ ∑§Ê ‚¢øÊ⁄U Á∑§ÿÊ–

(ÉÊ) »˝Ò¥§∑§$»§≈¸U ‚¢‚Œ— »˝Ò¥§∑§$»§≈¸U ‚¢‚Œ ∑§Ê ‚¢’¢œ ¡◊¸Ÿ ⁄UÊc≈˛U ∑§ ÁŸ◊ʸáÊ ‚ „ÒU– v} ◊߸, v}y} ∑§Ù ÁflÁ÷㟠¡◊¸Ÿ ¬˝Œ‡ÊÙ¥ ∑§ }xv ÁŸflʸÁøÂŒSÿÙ¥ Ÿ ∞∑§ ¡È‹Í‚ ∑§ M§¬ ◊¥ »˝Ò¥§∑§$»§≈¸U ‚¢‚Œ ◊¥ •¬ŸÊ SÕÊŸ ª˝„UáÊ Á∑§ÿÊ– ÿ„U ‚¢‚Œ ‚¥≈U ¬ÊÚ‹ øø¸ ◊¥ „ÈU߸ ÕË– ß‚ ‚¢‚Œ Ÿ ¡◊¸Ÿ⁄UÊc≈˛U ∑§ Á‹∞ ∞∑§ ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ ∑§Ë M§¬-⁄UπÊ ’ŸÊ߸– ⁄UÊc≈˛U •äÿˇÊ ∑§Ê ¬Œ ¬˝‡ÊÊ ∑§ ⁄UÊ¡Ê »˝§«UÁ⁄Uπ ÁflÀ„U◊ øÃÈÕ¸ ∑§Ù ‚ı¥¬Ÿ ∑§Ë ¬‡Ê∑§‡Ê∑§Ë ªß¸– ©U‚ ‚¢‚Œ ∑§ •œËŸ ⁄U„UŸÊ ÕÊ ¬⁄¢UÃÈ ©U‚Ÿ ÿ„U ¬‡Ê∑§‡Ê ΔÈU∑§⁄UÊ ŒË– ©U‚Ÿ ©UŸ ⁄UÊ¡Ê•Ù¥ ∑§Ê ‚ÊÕ ÁŒÿÊ ¡Ù ÁŸflʸÁøà ‚÷Ê ∑§Áfl⁄UÙœË Õ– ¡„UÊ°-¡„UÊ° ∑ȧ‹ËŸ flª¸ •ı⁄U ‚ŸÊ ∑§Ê Áfl⁄UÙœ ’…∏UÊ, fl„UÊ¢ ‚¢‚Œ ∑§Ê ‚Ê◊ÊÁ¡∑§ •ÊœÊ⁄U ∑§◊ ÊÙ⁄U „UÊÃÊ ªÿÊ– ß‚∑§ •ÁÃÁ⁄UÄ¢‚Œ ◊¥ ◊äÿ flªÙZ ∑§Ê ¬˝÷Êfl •Áœ∑§ ÕÊ– ߟ flªÙZ Ÿ ◊ ÊŒÍ⁄UÙ¥ •ı⁄U ∑§Ê⁄U˪⁄UÙ¥ ∑§Ë ◊Ê°ªÙ¥ ∑§Ë •Ù⁄U äÿÊŸ Ÿ„UË¥ ÁŒÿÊ ÃÕÊ fl„U ©UŸ∑§Ê‚◊Õ¸Ÿ πÙ ’ÒΔU– •¢Ã ◊¥ ‚ÒÁŸ∑§Ù¥ ∑§Ù ’È‹ÊÿÊ ªÿÊ •ı⁄U ‚¢‚Œ ∑§Ù ÷¢ª ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ ªÿÊ–

(æU) ⁄UÊc≈˛UflÊŒË ‚¢ÉÊ·ÙZ ◊¥ ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ù¥ ∑§Ë ÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê— ⁄UÊc≈˛UflÊŒË ‚¢ÉÊ·ÙZ ◊¥ ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ù¥ ∑§Ë •¬ŸË Áfl‡Ê· ÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê ⁄U„UË– ©Uã„UÙ¥Ÿ •¬Ÿ⁄UÊ¡ŸËÁÃ∑§ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄UÙ¥ ∑§Ë ¬˝ÊÁåà ∑§ Á‹∞ ‚¢ÉÊ·¸ Á∑§ÿÊ– ß‚ ©UŒ˜Œ‡ÿ ‚ ©Uã„UÙ¥Ÿ •¬Ÿ ⁄UÊ¡ŸËÁÃ∑§ ‚¢ªΔUŸ ’ŸÊ∞ •ı⁄U ‚◊ÊøÊ⁄U-¬òÊÁŸ∑§Ê‹– ©Uã„UÙ¥Ÿ ⁄UÊ¡ŸËÁÃ∑§ ’ÒΔU∑§Ù¥ ÃÕÊ ¬˝Œ‡Ê¸ŸÙ¥ ◊¥ ’…∏U-ø…∏U ∑§⁄U Á„US‚Ê Á‹ÿÊ– ß‚∑§ ’Êfl¡ÍŒ ©Uã„¥U ◊à ŒŸ ∑§ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U ‚ fl¢ÁøÃ⁄UπÊ ªÿÊ ÕÊ– ‚¥≈U ¬ÊÚ‹ øø¸ ◊¥ •ÊÿÙÁ¡Ã »˝Ò¥§∑§$»§≈¸U ‚¢‚Œ ◊¥ ©Uã„¥U ∑§fl‹ ∞∑§ ¿ÍU≈U ŒË ªß¸– fl„U ÿ„U ÕË Á∑§ ©Uã„¥U Œ‡Ê¸∑§ ŒËÉÊʸ ◊¥¬˝ˇÊ∑§Ù¥ ∑§ M§¬ ◊¥ π«∏UÊ „UÙŸ ÁŒÿÊ ªÿÊ–

MBD Super Refresher Class-X Term-II CBSE/NCERT

Publisher : MBD GroupPublishers

ISBN : 9789385905704Author : S. Krishnan, Puri,Neera Sharma

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