may 2016 jonathan i. leib professor & director ...may 2016 jonathan i. leib professor &...
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May 2016
JONATHAN I. LEIB
Professor & Director, Geography Program
Old Dominion University
Department of Political Science & Geography
Old Dominion University
Norfolk, Virginia 23529-0088
Phone: (757) 683-3849
Email: [email protected]
EDUCATION
1987-1992: Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, Ph.D., 1992, Geography. (Ph.D. Advisor:
John Agnew). Dissertation Title: "Partisan Gerrymandering and Partisan Decline:
Congressional Redistricting and Congressional Elections in Three States (Indiana,
California and New Jersey), 1948-1990."
1985-1987: Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, M.A., 1987, Geography. (M.A. Advisor:
John Agnew). Thesis Title: "The Theoretical and Practical Value of Popular Methods
of Measuring Political Fairness and Partisan Gerrymandering in Congressional
Redistricting Plans."
1982-1985: Mary Washington College, Fredericksburg, Virginia, B.A. (Magna Cum Laude, Final
Honors), 1985, Geography and Political Science.
1980-1982: Attended Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
RESEARCH FIELDS
Political Geography, American South, ‘Race’ and Ethnicity, Cultural Geography, Geography
Education
TEACHING EXPERIENCE
2008 – Present: Department of Political Science & Geography, Old Dominion University
May 2016 - Present: Professor
July 2008 –May 2016: Associate Professor (Regular Doctoral Certification awarded through
Spring Semester 2019)
Courses taught at Old Dominion University:
Undergraduate Courses
Cultural Geography
Political Geography
Regional Geography of the United States and Canada
Research Design
Sports Geography
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Senior Seminar in International Studies
Senior Seminar in Advanced Political Geography
Graduate Seminar
Cultural Geography (Taught for the Graduate Program in International Studies and the
Masters of Arts in the Humanities programs)
Ph.D. Committee Member for student who has graduated:
Alessandro Shimabukuro (2013, International Studies). Dissertation title: The Right to Bear
Space Arms: U.S. Resistance to Arms Control in Space.
M.A. Advisor for student who has graduated:
Neil Conner (2011, International Studies). Thesis title: You’ll Never Walk Alone: The Scales of
Identity of Celtic Football Club Supporters. Completed his Ph.D. in Geography at the University
of Tennessee in 2015. Currently an Instructor of Geography at the University of Tennessee
M.A. Capstone Mentor for student who has graduated:
Devin Arriaza (2015, Humanities)
M.A. Committee Member for student who has graduated:
Luis Ferreira (2012, International Studies)
1995 – 2008: Department of Geography, Florida State University
August 2001 – July 2008: Associate Professor
January 1997 - August 2001: Assistant Professor
August 1995 - December 1996: Visiting Assistant Professor
Courses taught at Florida State University:
Graduate courses
Seminar in Political Geography
Seminar in Race and Place
Seminar in Geography and Social Justice
Geography Research Methods
Directed Individual Study
Undergraduate courses
World Regional Geography
Human Geography
Geography of the United States and Canada
Political Geography
Geography and Social Justice
Sports Geography
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Directed Individual Study
Other Course
Global Changes, Local Conflicts (Team taught for the Florida State University’s Senior
Citizens Academy with Dr. Barney Warf, Professor, Department of Geography)
Graduate Advising
Ph.D. Advisor for students who have graduated:
- Ilhan Kaya (2003). Dissertation title: Shifting Turkish-American Identities in the
United States. Currently a Professor at Yildiz Technical University (Turkey)
- Gabriel Popescu (2006) Dissertation title: Transborder State Reterritorialization in
Eastern Europe: The Lower Danube Euroregion. Currently an Associate Professor at
Indiana University-South Bend.
- Thomas Chapman (2007). Dissertation title: Constructing the “Moral
Landscape” Through Local Anti-Discrimination Law: Discourse, Debate, and
Dialogue on the Spaces of Sexual Citizenship in Three Florida Communities.
Currently an Associate Professor at Old Dominion University
- Luis Sanchez (2008). Puerto Rico’s 79th Municipality?: Identity, Hybridity and
Transnationalism within the Puerto Rican Diaspora in Orlando, Florida. Currently
an Associate Professor at the Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)
- Daniel McGowin (2011) National Identity in a “State” of Limbo: Scale, Surrogation
and Identity in Taiwan (Co-advisor with Lisa Jordan, FSU). Currently an Instructor at
Auburn University.
Ph.D. Committee member of students who have graduated:
- John Grimes (2001). Dissertation title: The Globalization of Agriculture: The Case of
Florida Sugar.
- Darren Purcell (2003). Dissertation title: Cyber-Slovenia: Geopolitics and Place
Marketing Online. Currently an Associate Professor at the University of Oklahoma.
- Jason Dittmer (2003). Dissertation title: European Re-Union: The Social
Construction of Eastern Europe in NATO and EU Expansion. Currently a Reader in
Geography at University College, London
- Robert Pennock (2004). Dissertation title: The Local-State and Urban Sprawl.
Currently Director of the Applied Demographics Studio in the Center for
Demography & Population Health at Florida State University.
- Peter Castelow (2005, Education) Dissertation title: Katherine Montgomery: A
Change of Heart on Women’s Competitive Athletics in the Early 20th Century.
Currently an adjunct instructor in the College of Education, University of Memphis
- Kathleen Sherman-Morris (2006). Dissertation title: A Place for PSI: Finding a Role
for Parasocial Interaction in Hazards Research. Currently an Associate Professor at
Mississippi State University
- Kirl Kim (2006) Dissertation Title: Housing Redevelopment and Neighborhood
Change as a Gentrification Process in Seoul, Korea: A Case Study of the Wolgok-4
Dong Redevelopment District. Currently a Research Associate at the Korea Research
Institute on Human Settlements
- Matthew Grindy (2008, Communications)
- David Nelson (2008, History) Dissertation Title: Florida Crackers and Yankee
Tourists: The Civilian Conservation Corps, the Florida Park Service and the
Emergence of Modern Florida Tourism. Currently an Associate Professor of History
at Bainbridge State College.
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- Adrienne Otto Frame (2008, Education) Dissertation Title: The Use of Online
Journals as Indicators of Situational Stress and Job Satisfaction in Resident
Assistants. Currently Dean of Students at Endicott College.
- Samantha Earnest (2009) Dissertation Title: Constructions of Place, Culture
and Identity in Historic Preservation: A Case Study of Hickory Ground,
Alabama. Currently a Lecturer at Troy University. - Hosuk Lee (2009) Dissertation Title: The Political Ecology of Environmental
Justice: Environmental Struggle and Injustice in the Yeongheung Island
(South Korea) Coal Plant Controversy. Currently an Assistant Professor at
the University of North Georgia.
M.S. Advisor for students who have graduated:
- Erinn Nicley (2002). Thesis title: Somos Galegos! (We are Galicians!):Regionalism,
Political Economy and Place Context in Galicia, Spain. Received Ph.D in Geography
at the University of Illinois. Currently a faculty member at Western Governors
University.
- Katherine Baughman (2005) Thesis title: A Model of Prediction of Voter Approval
for the Expansion of a Greenways System in Leon County, Florida. Currently
Director of Public Strategy and Head of the Public Policy Group at Bryant Miller
Olive, a Florida law firm. Formerly served as Deputy Chief of Staff to Florida Chief
Financial Officer Alex Sink.
M.S. Committee member of students who have graduated: Ilhan Kaya (1998), Keathe
Wright (1998), Robert McGowan (2001), Michael Pryce-Jones (2001), Richie
Kent (2006), Georgia Davis-Conover (2007), Jimmy Pastrano (2008), Lan-Anh
McElroy (International Affairs, 2003), Jamie Beachy (Interdisciplinary Social
Science, 2004), Fadia Anani (International Affairs, 2005), Daniel McGowin,
(Geography, University of Alabama, 2006), and Jennifer Hall (Education, 2008).
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Committee member of student who has graduated:
Lisa Midkiff (Political Science, 1998).
1992-1996: Assistant Professor of Geography, Department of Geology and Geography,
Georgia Southern University (on leave of absence for the 1995-1996 academic year).
Graduate course taught
Graduate Seminar in Human/Cultural Geography
Undergraduate courses taught
World Regional Geography
Political Geography
Cultural Geography
Geography of North America
Geography of the American South
Field Geography of the American South (team taught with Dr. Cynthia Miller, Associate
Professor of Geography, Minnesota State University, Mankato)
1991-1992: Visiting Instructor, Department of Geography, New Mexico State University.
Undergraduate courses taught
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Survey of Geography
World Regional Geography
Political Geography
Geography of North America
1990, 1991: Teaching Associate, Department of Geography, Syracuse University.
Undergraduate course taught
Environmental Disruption and Regulation
1985-1988, 1991: Teaching Assistant, Department of Geography, Syracuse University.
Courses Assisted
World Regional Geography
World Economic Geography
World Political Economy
Geographic Techniques in the Analysis of Public Policy
1987, 1988, 1990: Tutor, Empire State College-State University of New York, North Central
Regional Center at Syracuse.
Duties: Responsible for developing curricula for independent study undergraduate
courses and serving as the contact for and evaluator of students in the following:
Introductory World Economic Geography
Advanced World Economic Geography
Environmental Perception
SCHOLARSHIP
PUBLICATIONS
Books Published
2011: Barney Warf and Jonathan Leib, editors. Revitalizing Electoral Geography. Farnham,
England: Ashgate. 238 pages.
2010: Managing Editor, Encyclopedia of Geography, 6 Volumes (Barney Warf, editor). Los
Angeles: Sage. 3398 pages.
The Encyclopedia received a 2011 Outstanding Reference Source Award from the
Reference and User Services Association of the American Library Association. Thirteen
awards were given out by the ALA in 2011, and the award “identifies the most important
reference publications for small and medium-sized public and academic libraries
published in a given year” (according to the ALA).
Responsibilities as Managing Editor of the Encyclopedia of Geography included: 1)
Advising lead Editor on choosing Associate Editors; 2) Working with lead Editor in
terms of choosing authors for entries in human geography, biographies of geographers,
and professional geographical organizations; 3) Reminding authors to submit entries; 4)
Reading a selection of entries in my areas of expertise; 5) Writing entries when author(s)
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who agreed to write entries failed to do so or when no authors could be found to write
specific entries.
1998: Fiona Davidson, Jonathan Leib, Fred Shelley and Gerald Webster, editors. Teaching
Political Geography. Indiana, PA: National Council for Geographic Education.
Articles in Refereed Journals
2016: Jonathan Leib and Judy Smothers-Marcello. “Perspectives on Political Geography in AP
Human Geography.” Journal of Geography. 115: 112-117.
2016: Gerald Webster and Jonathan Leib. “Religion, Murder and the Confederate Battle Flag
in South Carolina.” Southeastern Geographer. 56: 29-37
2015: Michael Clemons and Jonathan Leib. “Felon Disenfranchisement after the 1965 Voting
Rights Act: Political and Geographical Implications.” Political Geography. 48:153-157.
Published as part of: Gerald Webster, Peyton McCrary, Toby Moore, Leah Aden, James
Blacksher, Michael Clemons and Jonathan Leib. “Interventions on the 50th
Anniversaries of Events in the American Civil Rights Movement.” Political Geography.
48: 146-158.
Jonathan Leib and Gerald Webster. “On Remembering John Winberry and the Study
of Confederate Monuments on the Southern Landscape.” Southeastern Geographer.
55:9-18.
2012: Jonathan Leib. “A Tale of Two Civil War Statues: Teaching the Geographies of
Memory and Heritage in Norfolk, Virginia.” Southeastern Geographer. 52:398-412.
Jonathan Leib and Gerald Webster. “Black, White or Green?: The Confederate Battle
Emblem and the 2001 Mississippi State Flag Referendum.” Southeastern Geographer.
52:299-326.
2011: Jonathan Leib and Thomas Chapman. “Jim Crow, Civil Defense, and the Hydrogen
Bomb: Race, Evacuation Planning and the Geopolitics of Fear in the 1950s Savannah,
Georgia.” Southeastern Geographer. 51:578-595.
Jonathan Leib. “Teaching Controversial Issues: Nationalism in the Political Geography
Classroom.” Journal of Geography. 110: 167-8. Published as part of Kolson Schlosser,
George White, Jonathan Leib, Simon Dalby, Katie Algeo, David Jansson and Jackson
Zimmerman. “Nationalism in Geography Classrooms: Challenges and Opportunities.”
Journal of Geography. 110:166-75.
Jonathan Leib. “Identity, Banal Nationalism, Contestation and North American License
Plates.” Geographical Review. 101: 37-52.
2010: Daniel McGowin and Jonathan Leib. “Geography, Identity and Florida’s Specialty
License Plates.” The Florida Geographer. 41: 39-64.
Gerald Webster, Thomas Chapman, and Jonathan Leib. “Sustaining the ‘Societal and
Scriptural Fence’: Cultural, Social and Political Topographies of Same Sex Marriage in
Alabama.” Professional Geographer. 62: 211 – 229.
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2007: Thomas Chapman, Jonathan Leib and Gerald Webster. “Race, the Creative Class, and
Political Geographies of Same Sex Marriage in Georgia.” Southeastern Geographer.
47:27-54. This article was awarded the Best Southeastern Geographer article award for
2007.
2006: Jonathan Leib and Gerald Webster. “District Composition and State Legislative Votes on
the Confederate Battle Emblem.” Journal of Race and Policy. 2: 53-75.
2004: Jonathan Leib. “Robert E. Lee, ‘Race’, Representation, and Redevelopment along
Richmond’s Canal Walk.” Southeastern Geographer. 44:236-262.
2002: Jonathan Leib. “Separate Times, Shared Spaces: Arthur Ashe, Monument Avenue and the
Politics of Richmond, Virginia’s Symbolic Landscape.” Cultural Geographies. 9:286-
312.
Johnathan Walker and Jonathan Leib, “Revisiting The Topia Road: Walking in the
Footsteps of West and Parsons.” Geographical Review. 92:555-581.
Gerald Webster and Jonathan Leib, “Political Culture, Religion and the Confederate
Battle Flag Debate in Alabama.” Journal of Cultural Geography. 20:1-26.
Jonathan Leib and Jason Dittmer, “Florida’s Residual Votes, Voting Technology, and the
2000 Election.” Political Geography. 21:91-98.
Ilhan Kaya, Jonathan Leib, and Janet Kodras. “High School Geography Textbook
Adoption: A Leon County, Florida Case Study.” The Florida Geographer. 33:27-44.
2001: Gerald Webster and Jonathan Leib. “Whose South is it Anyway?: Race and the
Confederate Flag in South Carolina.” Political Geography. 20:271-299.
Jonathan Leib. “Major League Baseball’s Spring Training in Florida, 1901-2001.” The
Florida Geographer. 32:4-27.
2000: Jonathan Leib, Gerald Webster and Roberta Webster. “Rebel With a Cause?:
Iconography and Public Memory in the Southern United States.” Geojournal. 52:303-
310.
1998: Jonathan Leib. “Teaching Controversial Topics: Iconography and the Confederate Battle
Flag in the South.” Journal of Geography. 97:229-240. This article was awarded the
2000 National Council for Geographic Education award for best article related to
teaching at the College/University level appearing in the Journal of Geography, as
chosen by the NCGE Journal of Geography awards task force.
Jonathan Leib. "Communities of Interest and Minority Districting after Miller v.
Johnson." Political Geography. 17:683-699.
Jonathan Leib and Gerald R. Webster. "On Enlarging the U.S. House of
Representatives." Political Geography. 17:319-329.
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1997: Gerald Ingalls, Gerald Webster and Jonathan Leib. "Fifty Years of Political Change in the
American South: Electing African Americans and Women to Public Office."
Southeastern Geographer. 37:140-161.
Clark Archer, Fred Shelley and Jonathan Leib. "The Perceived Geopolitical Importance
of the Countries of the World: An Analytical and Pedagogical Investigation." Journal of
Geography. 96:76-83.
1995: Jonathan Leib. "Heritage versus Hate: A Geographical Analysis of Georgia's Confederate
Battle Flag Debate." Southeastern Geographer. 35:37-57.
Book Chapters and Contributions
2014: Jonathan Leib. “Southeast” In J.Clark Archer, Robert H. Watrel, Fiona Davidson, Erin
Fouberg, Kenneth Martis, Richard Morrill, Fred Shelley and Gerald Webster, eds. 2014.
In The Atlas of the 2012 Elections. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. Pp. 136-139.
2012: Gerald Webster and Jonathan Leib. “What Would Robert E. Lee Do?: Race, Religion and
the Debate over the Confederate Battle Flag in the American South.” In Robin Dale
Jacobson and Nancy D. Wadsworth, eds., Faith and Race in American Political Life.
Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. Pp. 103-124.
2011: Barney Warf and Jonathan Leib. “Introduction”. In B. Warf and J. Leib, eds.,
Revitalizing Electoral Geography. Farnham, England: Ashgate. Pp. 3-8.
Jonathan Leib and Nicholas Quinton. “On the Shores of the ‘Moribund Backwater’?:
Trends in Electoral Geography Research Since 1990.” In B. Warf and J. Leib, eds.,
Revitalizing Electoral Geography. Farnham, England: Ashgate. Pp. 9-27.
Jonathan Leib. “Appalachia and the American South” and “Virginia’s 2008 Presidential
Vote.” In S. D. Brunn, G.R. Webster, R.L. Morrill, F.M. Shelley, S.J. Lavin and J. C.
Archer, eds. Atlas of the 2008 Elections. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. Pp.
126-28, 166-68.
Gerald Webster and Jonathan Leib. “Living on the Grid: The U.S. Rectangular Land
Survey System and the Engineering of the American Landscape.” In Stan Brunn, ed.,
Engineering Earth: The Impacts of Megaengineering Projects. Dordrecht, Netherlands:
Springer. Pp. 2123-2138.
2010: Jonathan Leib. Thirteen entries in Barney Warf, ed., Encyclopedia of Geography, 6
Volumes. Los Angeles: Sage. The entries are:
John Agnew (pp. 32-33) Cold War, Geography of (pp. 504-05)
Domino Theory (pp. 786-87) Arnold Guyot (p. 1394)
Hate, Geographies of (pp. 1406-07) Karl Haushofer (pp. 1407-08)
R.J. Johnston (p.1643) Halford Mackinder (pp. 1812-13)
Alfred Thayer Mahan (pp. 1815-16) Russian Geographical Society (p. 2498)
Ellen Churchill Semple (p. 2531-2) Trap Streets (pp. 2877-78)
Glenn Trewartha (pp. 2882-83)
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2009: Jonathan Leib and Gerald Webster. “Electoral Districts.” Essay in R. Kitchin and N.
Thrift, eds., International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, Volume 3, pp. 399-404.
Oxford: Elsevier.
2008: Gerald Webster and Jonathan Leib. “Fighting for the Lost Cause: The Confederate Battle
Flag and Neo-Confederacy.” In Euan Hague, Heidi Beirich and Edward Sebesta, eds.,
Neo-Confederacy: A Critical Introduction. Austin: University of Texas Press. Pp. 169-
201.
2007: Jonathan Leib and Gerald Webster. “Rebel With(out) a Cause?: The Contested Meanings
of the Confederate Battle Flag in the American South.” In Thomas Hylland Eriksen and
Richard Jenkins, eds., Flag, Nation and Symbolism in Europe and America. London:
Routledge. pp. 31-52.
2006: Jonathan Leib. “The Witting Autobiography of Richmond, Virginia: Arthur Ashe, the
Civil War, and Monument Avenue’s Racialized Landscape.” In Richard Schein, ed.,
Landscape and Race in the United States. New York: Routledge. pp. 187-211.
Jonathan Leib. “Understanding the Location of Professional Sports Franchises.” In Lisa
DeChano and Fred Shelley, eds., The Geography-Sports Connection: Using Sports to
Teach Geography. Jacksonville, AL: National Council for Geographic Education. pp.
61-77.
Jonathan Leib. Entries on “Redistricting” and “Geography of Sports.” In Barney Warf,
ed., Encyclopedia of Human Geography. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. pp.
404-405, 457-458.
2004: Jonathan Leib. “Political Organization of Space: Introductory Essay.” In Gary Elbow,
ed., Teaching Human Geography: Selections from the Journal of Geography.
Jacksonville, AL: National Council for Geographic Education. pp. 53-55.
Jonathan Leib and Gerald Webster. “Banner Headlines: The Fight over Confederate Flags
in the American South.” In Donald Janelle, Barney Warf, and Kathy Hansen, eds.,
WorldMinds: Geographic Perspectives on 100 Problems. Dordrecht, The Netherlands:
Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 61-66.
2002: Jonathan Leib and Gerald Webster. “The Confederate Flag Debate in the American
South: Theoretical and Conceptual Perspectives.” In Alex Willingham, ed., Beyond the
Color Line? Race, Representation, and Community in the New Century. New York:
Brennan Center for Justice at New York University School of Law. pp. 221-242.
2000: Jonathan Leib. Contributor of biographies of nine speakers of the New Jersey General
Assembly (state House of Representatives) in J.R. Sharp and N.W. Sharp, eds., American
Legislative Leaders in the Northeast, 1911-1994. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. pp.
87, 111, 114, 131, 135, 135-136, 172, 228-229.
1998: Jonathan Leib. "Political Geography and Voting Rights in the United States." In Fiona
Davidson, Jonathan Leib, Fred Shelley and Gerald Webster, eds., Teaching Political
Geography. Indiana, PA: National Council for Geographic Education. pp. 59-68.
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Fiona Davidson, Jonathan Leib, Fred Shelley and Gerald Webster. “Teaching Political
Geography.” In Fiona Davidson, Jonathan Leib, Fred Shelley and Gerald Webster, eds.,
Teaching Political Geography. Indiana, PA: National Council for Geographic Education.
pp. 1-8.
1996: Jonathan Leib. "Resort Development, Tourism and Cultural Survival in the Gullah Sea
Islands." In Gordon Bennett, ed., Snapshots of the Carolinas: Landscapes and Cultures.
Washington, DC: Association of American Geographers. pp. 225-229.
Articles in Non-refereed Journals
1994: Robert Raburn and Jonathan Leib. "Congressional District Building Blocks: Choice and
Impact in the 1990s." Comparative State Politics. 15, April:17-27.
1990: Jonathan Leib. "The Historical Geography of Minor League Baseball in Pennsylvania,
1902-1989." The Pennsylvania Geographer. 28:3-14.
Other Published Works
2013: Jonathan Leib. “What I do and How I Got to Where I am Today.” Plenary Session
Comments in recognition of being awarded the 2012 Virginia Social Science Association
Scholar Award in Geography. Virginia Social Science Journal. 48:146-9.
2011: Book review of Owen Dwyer and Derek Alderman, Civil Rights Memorials and the
Geography of Memory. Material Culture. 43(2): 103-4.
Jonathan Leib. Introduction to the 2010 AAG Study of the American South Specialty
Group’s Plenary Paper. Southeastern Geographer. 51: 341.
2007: Jonathan Leib. “Research Fieldnote: Montgomery, Alabama.” In Harm deBlij, Alexander
Murphy and Erin Fouberg, Human Geography: Culture, Society and Space (Eighth
Edition). John Wiley & Sons. p. 27 (also in Ninth Edition, published in 2009, p. 28; and
Tenth Edition, published in 2012, p. 28).
2000: Jonathan Leib. “The State of Geography Education Research” (Editorial discussing the
increased quality and greater diversity of geography education research published during
my three year term as editor of the Journal of Geography). Journal of Geography.
99:268-269.
1998: Jonathan Leib. “Editor’s Notes” (Outlining my editorial vision for the Journal of
Geography). Journal of Geography. 97: 46.
1996: Jonathan Leib. Book Review of Robert Justin Goldstein's Saving "Old Glory": The
History of the American Flag Desecration Controversy. Social Science Quarterly.
77:229-230.
Jonathan Leib. "Elections and Voting Behavior in the United States” (An Annotated
Bibliography). Past Place: Newsletter of the Historical Geography Specialty Group,
Association of American Geographers. 6, Summer: 4-7.
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1993-1995: Contributing Editor and Political Columnist for the newspaper, Metropolitan
Minority Business Enterprise News and Network (Published in Baltimore, Maryland).
1994: Jonathan Leib. "Comments on the Status of Redistricting in Light of Recent Court
Decisions." Association of American Geographers Political Geography Specialty Group
Newsletter. 14, July:3-5.
1993: Jonathan Leib and Shantha Hennayake, eds. "Graduate Student Discussion Papers."
Syracuse University Department of Geography Discussion Paper Series. Number 102.
1991: Jonathan Leib. "The Localization of U.S. House Elections and the 1989 Indiana 4th
District Special Election." Proceedings of the Joint Meeting of the New England-St.
Lawrence Valley Geographical Society and the Middle States Division of the Association
of American Geographers. 20,23:78-85.
1989: Jonathan Leib. "Going, Going, Gone: Minor League Baseball Franchise Relocations in
the Northeast." Proceedings of the Middle States Division of the Association of American
Geographers. 21:89-97.
Work Under Contract in Progress
Jason Dittmer, Jonathan Leib and Hilda Kurtz. Contemporary Political Geographies. Book
under contract with John Wiley & Sons.
Work Under Review
Jonathan Leib. The Wide World of Sports: An Introduction to Sports Geography. Book proposal
under review with Rowman & Littlefield.
PRESENTATIONS
Papers Presented at National/International Meetings
2016: Jonathan Leib. “Banal Nationalism, Landscape Representation, and the ‘Origins’ of
Baseball.” Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. San Francisco,
California.
2015: Jonathan Leib and Jody Smothers-Marcello. “Perspectives on Political Geography in the
AP Human Geography Curriculum.” National Council for Geographic Education Annual
Meeting. Washington, D.C.
Jonathan Leib, “Teaching the Geography of Sports.” Association of American Geographers
Annual Meeting. Chicago, Illinois
2014: Jonathan Leib. “Scripting and Re-Scripting Statehood in the Automobile Era.” Association
of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Tampa, Florida.
2012: Jonathan Leib. “Remembering Nat Turner: Race, Public Memory and Reputational
Politics in Southampton County, Virginia.” Sixth Race, Ethnicity and Place Conference.
San Juan, Puerto Rico.
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Jonathan Leib, Thomas Chapman and Gerald Webster. “Electoral Geographies of
Same-Sex Marriage Referenda in the United States: National and Regional
Perspectives.” Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. New York, New
York
2011: Jonathan Leib. “Identity, Banal Nationalism, Contestation and North American License
Plates.” Annual Meeting of the Public Administration Theory Network: Mythologies of
Governing: Symbols, Stories and Narratives. Norfolk, Virginia.
Jonathan Leib and Michael Clemons. “Touring Nat Turner: Race and Public Memory in
Southampton County, Virginia.” Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting.
Seattle, Washington.
Jonathan Leib and Thomas Chapman. “Jim Crow, Civil Defense, and the Hydrogen
Bomb: Race, Evacuation Planning and the Cold War in 1950s Savannah, Georgia.”
Association of American Geographers Political Geography/Sexuality and Space
Preconference. Tacoma, Washington.
2010: Jonathan Leib. “Shared Spaces, Separate Places: 'Race', Public Memory and the Civil
War in Hampton Roads, Virginia” Fifth Race, Ethnicity, and Place Conference.
Binghamton, New York.
Jonathan Leib. “A Tale of Two Monuments: ‘Race’, Public Memory and the Civil War in
Norfolk, Virginia.” Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting, Washington,
D.C.
2009: Jonathan Leib. “Using License Plates to Teach Political Geography Concepts.” National
Council for Geographic Education Annual Meeting. San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Jonathan Leib. “ ‘I Believe’?: Religion, Popular Iconography, and the Politics of Identity
in the American South.” Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Las
Vegas, Nevada.
Nicholas Quinton and Jonathan Leib. “Recent Trends in Electoral Geography.”
Association of American Geographers Political Geography Special Group Conference.
Las Vegas, Nevada.
2008: Jonathan Leib and Gerald Webster. “Race, Religion and the Confederate Battle Flag in
the American South.” Fourth Conference on Race/Ethnicity and Place. Miami, Florida.
Jonathan Leib and Nick Quinton. “Trends in Electoral Geography Research since 1990.”
‘Revitalizing Electoral Geography’ Miniconference. Tallahassee, Florida.
Jonathan Leib. "Foreign Direct Investment and the Confederate Battle Flag in the
American South." Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Boston,
Massachusetts.
Gerald Webster, Jonathan Leib and Thomas Chapman. "The Electoral Geography of
Alabama's 2006 Referendum Prohibiting Same-Sex Marriage." Association of American
Geographers Annual Meeting. Boston, Massachusetts.
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2007: Jonathan Leib. “Foreign Direct Investment and Cultural Change in the American South.”
Second Global Conference on Economic Geography, Beijing, China.
Jonathan Leib. “Plates and Politics: Banal Nationalism, Geopolitics, and Identity in the
Automobile Era.” Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. San Francisco,
California.
2006: Thomas Chapman, Jonathan Leib, and Gerald Webster. “‘Race’, The Creative Class, and
Political Geographies of Same Sex Marriage in Georgia.” Applied Geography Annual
Conference. Tampa, Florida.
Jonathan Leib. “Understanding Sports Franchise Locations.” National Council for
Geographic Education Annual Meeting. Lake Tahoe, Nevada. (Paper presented by
Johnathan Walker, James Madison University).
Jonathan Leib and Gerald Webster. “Minority Influence Districts and State Legislative
Votes on the Confederate Battle Emblem.” Association of American Geographers Annual
Meeting. Chicago, Illinois.
2005: Jonathan Leib and Gerald Webster. “The Cross They Bear: Whiteness, Religion, and the
Confederate Battle Flag in the American South.” Invited paper presented at the
conference, “Flying the Flag: Critical Perspectives on Symbolism and Identity.”
Conference sponsored by the University of Oslo. Lysebu, Norway
Jonathan Leib and Gerald Webster. “Barbecue and Civil Rights in South Carolina.”
National Council for Geographic Education Annual Meeting. Birmingham, Alabama.
Gerald Webster and Jonathan Leib. “Lost Cause Iconography and the Neo-Confederate
Movement.” Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Denver, Colorado.
Jonathan Leib and Gerald Webster. “The Stand in the Smokehouse Door: Maurice
Bessinger, the Neo-Confederate Movement, and the Confederate Battle Flag in
Columbia, South Carolina.” Association of American Geographers Political Geography
Specialty Group Conference. Boulder, Colorado.
2004: Jonathan Leib and Gerald Webster. “Civil War versus Civil Rights: Race and the
Contested Meanings of the Confederate Battle Flag in the American South.” Conference
on Race/Ethnicity and Place at Howard University. Washington, D.C.
Jonathan Leib and Gerald Webster. “Barring the Cross: The Confederate Battle Emblem
and Georgia’s State Flags, 2001-2004.” Association of American Geographers Annual
Meeting. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Jonathan Leib and Gerald Webster. “Stars and Bars, Rebel Cross, or Denny’s Placemat?:
Race, Party, Iconography, and the Battle Over Georgia’s State Flags, 2001-2004.”
Association of American Geographers Political Geography Specialty Group Conference.
Atlantic City, New Jersey.
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2003: Jonathan Leib and Gerald Webster. “A New ‘Stars and Bars’?: The Confederate Battle
Emblem and Mississippi’s 2001 State Flag Referendum.” Association of American
Geographers Annual Meeting. New Orleans, Louisiana.
Jonathan Leib and Gerald Webster. “‘In Triumph Shall Wave’?: Statewide Public Voting
on the Confederate Battle Flag.” Association of American Geographers Political
Geography Specialty Group Conference, Wakulla Springs, Florida.
2001: Jonathan Leib. “Teaching Geography and Social Justice.” National Council for
Geographic Education Annual Meeting. Vancouver, British Columbia.
Jonathan Leib. “Symbolic Landscapes, Race and Redevelopment Along Richmond’s
Canal Walk.” Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. New York, New
York.
Jonathan Leib and Gerald Webster. “The Confederate Flag Debate in the American
South: Theoretical, Conceptual and Geographical Perspectives.” Paper presented at
“Race, Redistricting and Census 2000: A Conference on Issues Effecting Access to the
Political Process and Implementation of the Voting Rights Act.” Conference sponsored
by the Brennan Center for Justice, New York University School of Law. Itta Bena,
Mississippi.
2000: Jonathan Leib. “Jim Crow, Civil Defense and the Cold War: Preserving Segregated
Savannah in the Event of Armageddon.” Association of American Geographers Annual
Meeting. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
1999: Jonathan Leib. “Race, School Children and Evacuation Planning in the Jim Crow South.”
National Council for Geographic Education Annual Meeting. Boston, Massachusetts.
Jonathan Leib. “Separate Times, Shared Spaces: Commemorating the Civil War and
Civil Rights Eras in Richmond, Virginia.” Association of American Geographers Annual
Meeting. Honolulu, Hawaii.
1998: Jonathan Leib and Gerald Webster. “Debating the Confederate Flag in the South
Carolina State Legislature.” Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting.
Boston, Massachusetts.
1997: Jonathan Leib. “Minority Districting in the Post-Miller Era: Redistricting in Georgia and
Florida in the mid-1990s.” Invited paper presented at the National Center for Geographic
Information and Analysis conference, “Geographic Information Systems and Political
Redistricting: Social Groups, Representational Values and Election Boundaries.” Buffalo,
New York.
Jonathan Leib. "Teaching Controversial Concepts in Political Geography: Iconography,
Confederate Flags and the South." National Council for Geographic Education Annual
Meeting. Orlando, Florida.
Jonathan Leib, Gerald Webster and Roberta Webster. "Whose South is it Anyway?: The
Politics of Representation on the Southern United States Landscape." Association of
American Geographers Annual Meeting. Fort Worth, Texas.
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1996: Clark Archer, Fred Shelley and Jonathan Leib. "Mapping the Perceived Geopolitical
Importance of the Countries of the World." North American Cartographic Information
Society Annual Meeting. San Antonio, Texas.
Jonathan Leib. "Redistricting and the Future of the Voting Rights Act after Miller v.
Johnson." Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Charlotte, North
Carolina.
Clark Archer, Fred Shelley and Jonathan Leib. "The Perceived Geopolitical Importance
of the Countries of the World." Association of American Geographers European
Specialty Group and Political Geography Specialty Group co-sponsored "Conference on
Transformations in the Political Geography of Contemporary Europe." Columbia, South
Carolina.
1995: Jonathan Leib. "Geography and Voting Rights in the United States." National Council
for Geographic Education Annual Meeting. San Antonio, Texas.
Jonathan Leib. "The Congressional Redistricting Process in New Jersey, 1982-1992."
Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Chicago, Illinois.
1994: Robert Raburn and Jonathan Leib. "The Region and Redistricting Revisited." Association
of American Geographers Annual Meeting. San Francisco, California.
Jonathan Leib. "Rebel With a Cause? The Confederate Battle Flag Debate in Georgia
and the Southeastern United States." Association of American Geographers Political
Geography Specialty Group, International Geographical Union's Commission on the
World Political Map, and the University of Oregon Department of Geography's co-
sponsored conference, "Challenges to the Modern State System: Political Geographic
Perspectives." Eugene, Oregon.
1993: Robert Raburn and Jonathan Leib. "A Survey of 1990s State Redistricting Geographic
Guidelines." Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Atlanta, Georgia.
1992: Jonathan Leib. "Partisan Gerrymandering, Partisan Decline and Place." Association of
American Geographers Annual Meeting. San Diego, California.
Jonathan Leib. "The Localization of U.S. House Elections and the 1989 and 1990 Indiana
4th District Elections." Association of American Geographers Political Geography
Specialty Group and International Geographical Union's Committee on the World
Political Map co-sponsored Conference, "Empowering Political and Economic
Transformations." Boulder, Colorado.
1991: Jonathan Leib. "Controversial Gerrymandering: A Comparison of the 1980s Indiana and
California Congressional Redistricting Plans." Association of American Geographers
Annual Meeting. Miami, Florida.
1990: Jonathan Leib. "Congressional Partisan Gerrymandering in the 1980s: The Case of
Indiana." Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Toronto, Ontario.
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1989: Jonathan Leib. "The Nationalization of State Policies?: Fiscal Centralization in the
States, 1977-1987." Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Baltimore,
Maryland.
1988: Jonathan Leib. "Partisan Gerrymandering in Congressional Redistricting: Is There Cause
for Concern?" Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Phoenix, Arizona.
Jonathan Leib. "A Critique of Popular Methods of Measuring Partisan Gerrymandering in
Congressional Redistricting Plans." International Geographical Union International
Conference on Electoral Geography. Los Angeles, California.
Papers Presented at Regional Meetings
2015: Gerald Webster and Jonathan Leib. “Religion, Murder and the Confederate Battle Flag in
South Carolina.” Southeastern Division of the Association of American Geographers
Meeting. Pensacola, Florida
2014: Jonathan Leib. “Towards a Geography of Sports.” Southeastern Division of the
Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Athens, Georgia
2013: Jonathan Leib and Gerald Webster. “’Lest We Forget’: John Winberry and the Study of
Confederate Monuments on the Southern Landscape.” Southeastern Division of the
Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Roanoke, Virginia.
Donald Zeigler, Georgeanne Hribar, and Jonathan Leib. “An Atlas of AP Human
Geography.” Poster presented at the Southeastern Division of the Association of
American Geographers Annual Meeting. Roanoke, Virginia.
2011: Jonathan Leib and Thomas Chapman. “‘Escape from the H-Bomb’: Jim Crow
Segregation and the Geographies of Civil Defense Planning in Cold War-Era Savannah,
Georgia.” Southeastern Division of the Association of American Geographers Annual
Meeting. Savannah, Georgia.
2010: Jonathan Leib. “Standing Soldier, Standing Soldier: Race, Public Memory and the Civil
War in Norfolk, Virginia.” Southeastern Division of the Association of American
Geographers Annual Meeting. Birmingham, Alabama.
2009: Jonathan Leib. “Identity, Banal Nationalism, Contestation and North American License
Plates.” Southeastern Division of the Association of American Geographers Annual
Meeting. Knoxville, Tennessee.
2008: Jonathan Leib and Gerald Webster. “‘What Would Robert E. Lee Do?’: Race, Religion
and the Confederate Battle Flag.” Southeastern Division of the Association of American
Geographers Annual Meeting. Greensboro, North Carolina.
2007: Jonathan Leib. “Creating ‘Facts’ on the Bumper: Identity, Nationalism, Geopolitics,
Contestation and License Plates.” Southeastern Division of the Association of American
Geographers Annual Meeting. Charleston, South Carolina.
2006: Jonathan Leib and Jason Dittmer. “Not Just Wearing Dixie? Performativity, Dixie
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Outfitters and ‘Southern’ Identity.” Southeastern Division of the Association of
American Geographers Annual Meeting. Morgantown, West Virginia.
2005: Thomas Chapman and Jonathan Leib. “Political Geographies of Same-Sex Marriage in
Georgia.” Southeastern Division of the Association of American Geographers Annual
Meeting. West Palm Beach, Florida.
2004: Jonathan Leib. “The 2004 Election in Florida.” Southeastern Division of the Association
of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Biloxi, Mississippi.
2003: Jonathan Leib and Gerald Webster. “Black, White or Green?: The Confederate Battle
Emblem and the 2001 Mississippi State Flag Referendum.” Southeastern Division of the
Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Charlotte, North Carolina.
2002: Jonathan Leib. “Robert E. Lee, Race, Representation and Redevelopment Along
Richmond’s Canal Walk.” Southeastern Division of the Association of American
Geographers Annual Meeting. Richmond, Virginia.
2001: Jonathan Leib and Gerald R. Webster. “Six Flags Over Georgia: The Georgia
Legislature, The Confederate Battle Emblem, and the New State Flag.” Southeastern
Division of the Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Lexington,
Kentucky.
1998: Johnathan Walker and Jonathan Leib. “The Topia Road Revisited: Walking in the
Footsteps of West and Parsons.” Southwestern Division of the Association of American
Geographers Annual Meeting. Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
1997: Jonathan Leib. “Jim Crow and Nuclear Conflagration: Race, Civil Defense Planning and
the Hydrogen Bomb in 1950s Savannah, Georgia.” Southeastern Division of the
Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Birmingham, Alabama
1996: Gerald Ingalls and Jonathan Leib. "Fifty Years of Political Change in the American
South: Electing African Americans to Public Office, 1947-1996." Southeastern Division
of the Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Athens, Georgia.
1993: Jonathan Leib. "Heritage versus Hate: A Geographical Analysis of Georgia's Confederate
Battle Flag Debate." Southeastern Division of the Association of American Geographers
Annual Meeting. Greensboro, North Carolina.
1992: Jonathan Leib and Robert Raburn. "The 'Myth of Compactness' and the 1991 New
Mexico Congressional Redistricting Experience." Southeastern Division of the
Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Louisville, Kentucky.
1991: Jonathan Leib. "Smoke-Filled Rooms: A Political Geography of the 1990 Clean Air Act
Amendments." Penn State Geography Graduate Student Conference. University Park,
Pennsylvania.
1990: Jonathan Leib. "The Localization of U.S. House Elections and the 1989 Indiana 4th
District Special Election." New England/St. Lawrence Valley and Middle States
Divisions of the Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Norwich,
Connecticut.
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1989: Jonathan Leib. "The Effectiveness of Congressional Partisan Gerrymandering in the
1980s: A Preliminary Assessment." Annual Applied Geographers Conference and Middle
States Division of the Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting.
Binghamton, New York.
1988: Jonathan Leib. "Going, Going, Gone: Minor League Baseball Franchise Relocations in
the Northeast." Middle States Division of the Association of American Geographers
Annual Meeting. Reading, Pennsylvania.
1987: Jonathan Leib. "Partisan Gerrymandering: An Issue Whose Time Has Passed?" Middle
States Division of the Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Atlantic
City, New Jersey.
Paper Presented at State Meetings
2012: Jonathan Leib and Thomas Chapman. “Jim Crow, Civil Defense, and the Hydrogen
Bomb: Race, Evacuation Planning, and the Geopolitics of Fear in 1950s Savannah,
Georgia.” Virginia Social Science Association Annual Meeting. Norfolk, Virginia.
2011: Jonathan Leib. “Identity, Banal Nationalism, Contestation and North American License
Plates.” Virginia Social Science Association Annual Meeting. Norfolk, Virginia.
2007: Jonathan Leib and Jason Dittmer. “The Land of 100% Cotton? Performativity, Dixie
Outfitters, and ‘Southern’ Identity.” Florida Society of Geographers Annual Meeting.
Jacksonville, Florida
Invited Public Presentations
2012: Jonathan Leib. “What I do, and How I Got Where I am” Invited presentation in
recognition of being awarded the 2012 Virginia Social Science Association Scholar
Award in Geography. Virginia Social Science Association Annual Meeting. Norfolk,
Virginia.
2010: Jonathan Leib. “Creating ‘Facts’ on the Bumper: Identity, Banal Nationalism, Geopolitics
and Contestation in the Automobile Era.” Old Dominion University, College of Arts and
Letters’ Spring Faculty Research Colloquium
2005: Jonathan Leib. “Whose Richmond is it Anyway?: Arthur Ashe, Robert E. Lee, and the
Politics of Richmond, Virginia's Symbolic Landscape.” Georgia Southern University,
Department of Geology and Geography Seminar Series. Statesboro, Georgia.
Jonathan Leib. “Reflections on a Decade of Study of the American South.” Florida State
University, Department of Geography Colloquium Series. Tallahassee, Florida.
2002: Jonathan Leib. “Race and Landscape Politics in Richmond, Virginia.” Florida State
University, Department of Geography Colloquium Series. Tallahassee, Florida.
2000: Jonathan Leib. “Banner Headlines: Iconography and the Confederate Battle Flag in the
American South.” Invited public presentation in recognition of receipt of the Mary
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Washington College, Department of Geography Distinguished Alumni Award.
Fredericksburg, Virginia.
1996: Jonathan Leib. "Voting Rights, Communities of Interest and the Future of Minority
Representation in the Southern United States: Lessons from Georgia after Miller v.
Johnson." University of Alabama, Department of Geography Colloquium Series.
Tuscaloosa, Alabama.
Jonathan Leib. "Iconography, Public Memory and the Georgia State Flag Debate."
Florida State University, Department of Geography Colloquium Series. Tallahassee,
Florida.
1995: Jonathan Leib. "Iconography, Public Memory and the Georgia State Flag Debate."
University of Alabama, Department of Geography Colloquium Series. Tuscaloosa,
Alabama.
1993: Jonathan Leib. "Between the U.S.-Mexico Border: Observations on the Social Geography
of Southern New Mexico and West Texas." Georgia Southern University Department of
Geology and Geography's "Lecture Over Lunch" Series.
Panelist/Discussant
2016: Panelist for the session, “The Politics of Renaming the North American University
Campus: A Landscape Intervention.” Association of American Geographers Annual
(National) Meeting. San Francisco, California.
2015: Panelist for the session, “Teaching Sports Geography.” Association of American
Geographers Annual (National) Meeting. Chicago, Illinois.
2011: Panelist for the session, “Teaching the Geographies of Memory and Heritage.”
Association of American Geographers Annual (National) Meeting. Seattle, Washington.
2010: Panelist for the session, “New Directions in Electoral Geography in the 21st Century.”
Association of American Geographers Annual (National) Meeting. Washington, D.C.
2009: Panelist for the session, “Does the Marriage Work? Geography in Combined
Departments.” Southeastern Division of the Association of American Geographers
Annual (Regional) Meeting. Knoxville, Tennessee.
Panelist for the Session, “Nationalism in the Classroom: Experiences, Challenges and
Ways Forward.” Association of American Geographers Annual (National) Meeting. Las
Vegas, Nevada.
2008: Paper Discussant at the Southeastern Division of the Association of American
Geographers Annual (Regional) Meeting. Greensboro, North Carolina
2007: Panelist for the session, “African American Commemorative Politics.” Southeastern
Division of the Association of American Geographers Annual (Regional) Meeting.
Charleston, South Carolina.
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Paper Discussant at the Southeastern Division of the Association of American
Geographers Annual (Regional) Meeting. Charleston, South Carolina.
Panelist for the session, “Race and American Democracy.” Association of American
Geographers Annual (National) Meeting. San Francisco, California. 2004: Paper Discussant at the Southeastern Division of the Association of American
Geographers Annual (Regional) Meeting. Biloxi, Mississippi.
2003: Paper Discussant at the Southeastern Division of the Association of American
Geographers Annual (Regional) Meeting. Charlotte, North Carolina.
Panelist for the session, “Teaching the South in Geography” Association of American
Geographers Annual (National) Meeting. New Orleans, Louisiana.
2002: Paper Discussant at the Southeastern Division of the Association of American
Geographers Annual (Regional) Meeting. Richmond, Virginia.
Panelist for the session, “District Design, Geography and Mapping Communities of
Interest.” At the (National) conference, “Voting Rights and Redistricting 2000.” Spelman
College, Atlanta, Georgia.
2001: Panelist for the session “Teaching Social Justice in Geography: An Agenda for the
Future.” National Council for Geographic Education Annual (National) Meeting.
Vancouver, British Columbia.
Panelist for the session “Mapping a Course: Research Directions in Geography
Education.” Association of American Geographers Annual (National) Meeting. New
York, New York.
2000: Session discussant for the session, “Political Geography I: In Honor of Julian Minghi.”
Southeastern Division of the Association of American Geographers Annual (Regional)
Meeting. Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
1998: Panelist for the session, “New Directions in the Geography of the American South.”
Southeastern Division of the Association of American Geographers Annual (Regional)
Meeting. Memphis, Tennessee.
1997: Panelist for the session "Teaching the Frontiers of Research in Political Geography."
Political Geography Specialty Group (National) Conference, “Frontiers of Research in
Political Geography”. San Marcos, Texas.
1996: Session discussant for the session, “Contemporary Issues in the Geography of U.S.
Politics.” Southeastern Division of the Association of American Geographers Annual
(Regional) Meeting. Athens, Georgia.
Panelist for the session "Symposium on Redistricting in Theory and Practice after Shaw
v. Reno." Association of American Geographers Annual (National) Meeting. Charlotte,
North Carolina.
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1995: Panelist for the session "Teaching Political Geography." National Council for
Geographic Education Annual (National) Meeting. San Antonio, Texas.
1994: Paper Discussant at the Southeastern Division of the Association of American
Geographers Annual (Regional) Meeting. Virginia Beach, Virginia.
1992: Panelist for the session "Geography and Redistricting." Association of American
Geographers Annual (National) Meeting. San Diego, California.
1991: Panelist for the session "Electoral Districting After the 1990 Census." Association of
American Geographers Annual (National) Meeting. Miami, Florida.
JOURNAL MANUSCRIPT REFEREE
Political Geography (eighteen reviews: 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
2005, 2008, 2009 [2], 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2016)
Southeastern Geographer (eleven reviews: 2003, 2005, 2006 [2], 2009 [2], 2010 [2], 2011, 2012.
2014)
Professional Geographer (eight reviews: 1995, 2001, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2011 [2], 2013)
Cultural Geographies (three reviews: 1999, 2002, 2014)
Geographical Review (three reviews: 2003, 2009, 2010)
Journal of Geography (three reviews: 2013, 2014, 2016)
Annals of the Association of American Geographers (two reviews: 1996, 1998)
Journal of Latin American Geography (two reviews: 2010, 2012)
Journal of Race and Policy (two reviews: 2009, 2012)
Social and Cultural Geography (two reviews: 2011, 2014)
Southwestern Geographer (two reviews: 1998, 2003)
Antipode: A Journal of Radical Geography (one review: 2010)
Canadian Geographer (one review: 2000)
Environment & Planning A (one review: 2013)
Geografiska Annaler B (one review: 2008)
The Geography Teacher (one review: 2015)
Geopolitics (one review: 2014)
Journal of Cultural Geography (one review: 2008)
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Law, Culture and the Humanities (one review: 2012)
Material Culture (one review: 2010)
Material Culture Review (one review: 2014)
Papers of the Applied Geography Conference (one review: 2007)
Progress in Human Geography (one review: 2006)
Publius: The Journal of Federalism (one review: 2008)
Social Science Quarterly (one review: 2001)
Sociology Compass (one review: 2015)
Urban Geographer (one review: 2002)
AWARDS AND GRANTS
2011 & 2015: Awarded the Shining Star Award by the Division of Student Affairs/Student
Engagement and Enrollment Services at Old Dominion University. The Shining Star
Award is awarded “to faculty members who demonstrate evidence of helping students
succeed academically, professionally, and personally inside and outside of the
classroom.”
2012: Awarded the Research Honors Award from the Southeastern Division of the Association
of American Geographers (SEDAAG)
Awarded the Virginia Social Science Association Scholar Award in Geography.
2011: Outstanding Reference Source Award from the American Library Association’s
Reference and User Services Association for the Encyclopedia of Geography (6
volumes). Barney Warf (University of Kansas) served as Editor for the series. I served
as the Managing Editor. Thirteen awards were given out by the ALA in 2011, and the
award “identifies the most important reference publications for small and medium-sized
public and academic libraries published in a given year” (according to the ALA).
2010: Awarded the Outstanding Service Award from the Southeastern Division of the
Association of American Geographers (SEDAAG)
2009: Old Dominion University College of Arts and Letters Summer Research Grant. $5,000.
2009 & 2011 Invited Speaker Travel Grant, Biennial Race, Ethnicity, and Place Conference
(October 2010, Binghamton, New York; October 2012, San Juan, Puerto Rico).
$500.
2008: Awarded (with Thomas Chapman and Gerald Webster) Best Southeastern Geographer
article award for 2007 for the article “Race, the Creative Class, and Political
Geographies of Same Sex Marriage in Georgia.” Southeastern Geographer. 47:27-54.
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Grant from the Department of Geography and College of Social Sciences, Florida State
University, to co-organize a mini conference, “Revitalizing Electoral Geography.”
$4,000.
2006: Awarded Morton Winsberg Departmental Service Award. Department of Geography,
Florida State University.
2005: Awarded National Council for Geographic Education’s Distinguished Teaching
Achievement Award.
2001: Course Development Grant from Florida State University’s Center for the Advancement
of Human Rights to develop a course, “Geography and Social Justice.” $2,560.
2000: Awarded National Council for Geographic Education award for best article related to
teaching at the College/University level appearing in the Journal of Geography
(“Teaching Controversial Topics: Iconography and the Confederate Battle Flag in the
South”). The article was chosen by the NCGE awards task force from articles appearing
in the Journal from March/April 1998 to November/December 1999.
Mary Washington College, Department of Geography Distinguished Alumni of the Year
Award
1999-2001, 2003-2006, 2008: Professional Travel Grants from the Provost’s Travel Grant
Committee, Florida State University
1997: Recipient of award from the First Year Assistant Professor program. Florida State
University Council on Research and Creativity. $9,612.46.
1993: Faculty Development Summer Sabbatical award from the Faculty Development and
Welfare Committee, Georgia Southern University for Summer field work to prepare a
course: "Field Geography of the American South." $3,000.
1992, 1994: Professional Travel Grants from the Faculty Development and Welfare Committee,
Georgia Southern University.
1991: Awarded First Place in the Association of American Geographers' Political Geography
Specialty Group Graduate Student Paper Competition for the paper "The Localization of
U.S. House Elections and the 1989 Indiana 4th District Special Election." Awarded at
the Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting, Miami, Florida.
1990-1991: Syracuse University Graduate Scholarship.
1989: Graduate Student Research Small Grant Award from the Office of the Vice-President for
Research and Graduate Studies, Syracuse University. $1,000.
Grant from the Roscoe Martin Fund for Dissertation Research, Maxwell School,
Syracuse University. $500.
1988-1990: Syracuse University Graduate Fellowship.
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1986-1988: Syracuse University Graduate Scholarship.
1986, 1988: Syracuse University Graduate Summer Research Fellowship. $1,000.
CONSULTANT WORK
1986: Co-author with John Rees and David Greytak of report, "Economic Impact of a
Multi-Purpose Stadium in Binghamton." Report prepared for the Valley Development
Foundation, Binghamton, New York.
CURRENT PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS
Association of American Geographers
National Council of Geographic Education
Southeastern Division of the Association of American Geographers
SERVICE
SERVICE ACTIVITIES IN NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
2015: Table Leader, Advanced Placement Human Geography Exam. Cincinnati, Ohio.
ETS-College Board
2013, 2014 & 2015: Reviewer, Advanced Draft of Advanced Placement Human Geography
Exam. ETS—College Board.
2013 & 2014: Question Writer, Advanced Placement Human Geography Exam. ETS—College
Board.
2013 & 2014: Reader, Advanced Placement Human Geography Exam. Cincinnati, Ohio. ETS-
College Board
2012-Present: Editorial Review Board member, The Journal of Race & Policy
2008-2011: Chair, Association of American Geographers Study of the American South
Specialty Group.
2011: Organizer of session “Human Geographies of the American South.” Association of
American Geographers Annual Meeting. Seattle, Washington.
2010: Organizer and Chair of session “AAG Study of the American South Specialty Group
Plenary Lecture.” Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Washington,
D.C.
2009: Co-oragnaizer (with Thomas Chapman) of session, “Political Geographies of the
American South.” Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Las Vegas,
Nevada.
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2008: Co-organizer (with Barney Warf, Florida State University) of miniconference,
‘Revitalizing Electoral Geography’. Tallahassee, Florida.
2008: Member, Current Topics Roundtable Committee, Association of American Geographers
Political Geography Specialty Group
- Co-organizer (with Erinn Nicely) of panel session for 2008 AAG Meeting,
“International Security and Climate Change”
1999-2006: Member, Nominations Committee, Association of American Geographers Political
Geography Specialty Group.
2006: Co-organizer (with Lisa DeChano, Western Michigan University) of three sessions on
“Geography and Sports.” National Council for Geographic Education Annual Meeting,
Lake Tahoe, Nevada
2005: Nominated to stand for election for the Nominations Committee of the Association of
American Geographers
2003: Co-organizer and co-host (with Darren Purcell, Florida A&M University), Association of
American Geographers Political Geography Specialty Group Annual Conference.
Wakulla Springs, Florida.
2002-2003: Member, Program Committee, 2003 Association of American Geographers Annual
Meeting. New Orleans, Louisiana.
1998-2000: Editor, Journal of Geography (Assumed most editorial duties in July 1997.
Officially began term as editor in January 1998). The Journal of Geography, an ISI
ranked journal, is the flagship peer-reviewed journal of the National Council for
Geographic Education, the leading academic geographic education organization in North
America. During my term, the Journal had over 3,500 subscribers. One of the oldest
continuously published academic journals in geography, the Journal published six issues
and approximately 300 pages annually.
1999: Organized and led Journal of Geography Editorial Board Meeting, National Council for
Geographic Education Annual Meeting. Boston, Massachusetts.
1998: Organized and led Journal of Geography Editorial Board Meeting, National Council for
Geographic Education Annual Meeting. Indianapolis, Indiana
Organized and led panel discussion/workshop session, “Writing for the Journal of
Geography.” National Council for Geographic Education Annual Meeting. Indianapolis,
Indiana
1997: Organized two sessions on “Political Geography and Geographic Education” for the
National Council for Geographic Education Annual Meeting. Orlando, Florida.
1996-1998: Elected Board Member, Association of American Geographers Political Geography
Specialty Group.
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1995: Co-organized, with Fred Shelley and Gerald Webster, three sessions on "Reflections on
Redistricting in the 1990s", at the Association of American Geographers Annual
Meeting. Chicago, Illinois.
1994-1995: Member, Nominations Committee, Association of American Geographers Political
Geography Specialty Group.
1994: Co-organized, with Robert Raburn, and Chaired panel discussion, "Redistricting and the
Future of the Voting Rights Act after Shaw v. Reno", at the Association of American
Geographers Annual Meeting. San Francisco, California.
SERVICE ACTIVITIES IN REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
2011- Present: Editorial Board Member, Southeastern Geographer
2009-2010: Vice President, Southeastern Division of the Association of American Geographers
(Elected by the membership in 2008). Duties include serving as Program Chair for
the 2009 and 2010 Annual SEDAAG meetings and participating as a member of the
organization’s Executive Committee.
The Program Chair is responsible for: 1) issuing a call for papers, posters and panels, 2)
receiving, acknowledging and cataloging submissions, 3) choosing reviewers and sending
submissions out for review, 4) collating reviews, making acceptance and rejection
decisions, and sending these decisions to authors, 5) organizing papers, posters and
panels into sessions, 6) creating the program, 7) posting preliminary program, 8) making
any final changes necessary to the program. In 2009, there were over 250 presentations
(the largest conference in the organization’s history to that point), organized into 40
sessions. In 2010, there were 210 presentations, organized into 30 sessions.
2007: Chair, Tellers Committee, Southeastern Division of the Association of American
Geographers.
2004-2007: Editorial Board Member, Southeastern Geographer
2006: Chair, Southeastern Geographer Editor Search Committee.
2005: Member, Audit Committee, Southeastern Division of the Association of American
Geographers.
2003: Member, Program Committee, Southeastern Division of the Association of American
Geographers Annual Meeting.
2001-2002: Secretary, Southeastern Division of the Association of American Geographers
(Elected by the membership in 2000). Duties included publishing the organization’s
twice-yearly newsletter, participating as a member of the organization’s Executive
Committee, and taking minutes of the organization’s Executive Committee, Steering
Committee, and General Business meetings.
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1999-2001: Member, Committee on the Status of Women in Geography, Southeastern Division of
the Association of American Geographers.
1999: Elected member, Honors Committee, Southeastern Division of the Association of
American Geographers
1998-1999: Member, Audit Committee, Southeastern Division of the Association of American
Geographers
1997: Organized and Led Field Trip, "From Selma to Montgomery: Retracing the Voting
Rights March of 1965," at the 50th Anniversary Meeting of the Southeastern Division of
the Association of American Geographers. Birmingham, Alabama.
1996: Co-organized, with Janet Kodras, session, "Contemporary Issues in the Geography of
U.S. Politics," at the Southeastern Division of the Association of American Geographers
Annual Meeting. Athens, Georgia.
1994: Co-coordinator, state of Georgia team for the Southeastern Division of the Association of
American Geographers' "World Geography Bowl" competition.
1989: Co-organized, with Shantha Hennayake, and Chaired session, "Political Geography", at
the Annual Applied Geography Conference and Middle States Division of the
Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Binghamton, New York.
SERVICE ACTIVITIES IN STATE ORGANIZATIONS
2009: Presented lecture, “The Relevance of Political Geography,” at the Virginia Advanced
Placement Human Geography Academy 2009 (Sponsored by the Virginia Geographic
Alliance), Richmond, Virginia.
1997: Presented lecture, "Voting in the American South," at the Florida Geographic Alliance
Summer Institute, Tallahassee, Florida.
1996: Presented lecture, "Political Geography and Voting Rights in the United States," at the
Florida Geographic Alliance and Center for Economic Education Summer Institute:
"Geography and Our Changing Economy: A Summer Institute for K-12 Social Science
Education." Tallahassee, Florida.
1989: Judge, New York State Finals of the National Geographic Geography Bee. Liverpool,
New York.
TENURE, PROMOTION AND GRANT REFEREE
2012: Review of tenure and promotion application for the Department of Political Science and
International Studies, Hollins University.
2010: Reviewer of grant application to the National Science Foundation, Geography and Spatial
Sciences Program.
Reviewer of promotion application for the Department of Geography, University of Mary
Washington.
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2008: Reviewer of tenure application for the Department of Geography, South Dakota State
University
2004: Reviewer of grant application to the National Science Foundation, Law and Social
Science Program.
2004: Reviewer of tenure application for the Department of Geography, University of
Oklahoma.
2002: Reviewer of tenure and promotion application for the Department of Geography, Mary
Washington College.
UNIVERSITY SERVICE ACTIVITIES
2016: Panelist, “Presidential Primary Election Panel Discussion.” College of Arts & Letters,
Department of Political Science and Geography, Old Dominion University.
2015-2016: Member, Collaborative on Academic Careers in Higher Education (COACHE)
faculty survey group. Old Dominion University.
2015: Member, Vice Provost for Faculty Development & Strategic Initiatives Search
Committee. Old Dominion University
2014-Present: Member, College of Arts & Letters Scholarship Committee, Old Dominion
University
2013-Present: Member, University Athletic Committee, Old Dominion University.
2013 & 2014: Member, QEP Improving Disciplinary Writing Assessment Group, Old
Dominion University.
Panelist, Roundtable Discussion: “Interdisciplinarity at ODU” College of Arts
and Letters Colloquium Series.
2012-13: Member, Diverse Faculty Initiative Task Force, College of Arts and Letters, Old
Dominion University.
2010-Present: Member, Old Dominion University Bachelor of Arts in International Studies
(BAIS) Program Advisory Board
2011: Member, Dean Search Committee, College of Arts and Letters, Old Dominion
University.
2010-2012: Member, Old Dominion University SACS Compliance Audit Team
2009-2013: Faculty Advisor, Old Dominion University Young Democrats student organization
2008-2009: Member, Instruction Committee, College of Arts & Letters, Old Dominion
University.
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2006-2007: Member, University Tenure and Promotion Committee, Florida State University.
2002-2003, 2005-2007: Member, College Tenure and Promotion Committee, College of Social
Sciences, Florida State University.
2002-2003: Member, Dean Search Committee, College of Social Sciences, Florida State
University.
2001-2002: Member, Policy and Academic Affairs Committee, College of Social Sciences,
Florida State University.
1997-1999: Member, Faculty Senate, Florida State University.
1993-1995: Primary author of comprehensive proposal to create a Bachelor of Science degree
program in Geography at Georgia Southern University. The proposal was approved
by the Georgia Southern University administration in 1995, and was formally
approved by the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia in 1997.
1994: Panelist, Georgia Southern University, Office of Multi-Cultural Programs-sponsored
panel discussion, "Blacks and Jews: The Uncivil War."
Member, Campus Review Committee for the 1994-95 National Security Education
Program (NSEP) for undergraduate scholarships for study abroad. Center for
International Studies, Georgia Southern University.
Presented lecture, "A Geography of the New South," to a Georgia Southern University
Graduate History Seminar ("History of the New South" taught by Dr. Walter J. Fraser).
Presented lecture, "Political Geography, Redistricting, Voting Rights and Georgia's 11th
Congressional District," to a Georgia State University Graduate Geography Seminar
("Geographic Methods" taught by Dr. Truman Hartshorn).
DEPARTMENTAL SERVICE ACTIVITIES
2009-present: Director, Geography Program, Department of Political Science & Geography,
Old Dominion University. Old Dominion’s Geography Program is an
undergraduate program offering the B.A. and B.S. degrees in Geography, as well
as certificate programs in GIS and the Spatial Analysis of Coastal Environments.
As Director, my duties include: 1) program development and assessment, 2)
program course scheduling, 3) chief program advisor for Geography majors and
minors, 3) recruiting students and adjunct faculty, and 5) serving as a liaison for
the Geography Program within the Department of Political Science &
Geography, between the Program and the College of Arts & Letters, and between
the Program and the University.
2009-present: Member, Curriculum Committee, Department of Political Science & Geography,
Old Dominion University
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2008-present: Member, Geography Program Assessment Committee, Department of Political
Science & Geography, Old Dominion University
2008-present: Member, Tenure and Promotion Committee, Department of Political Science &
Geography, Old Dominion University
2009-2011, 2013-2014: Chair, Environmental Geography Position Search Committee,
Department of Political Science & Geography, Old Dominion
University
2008-2010: Chair, Geography Adjunct Portfolio Review Committee, Department of Political
Science & Geography, Old Dominion University
2008-2009: Chair, Environmental and Human Geography Position Search Committee,
Department of Political Science & Geography, Old Dominion University
2007-2008: Member, Florida State University, Department of Geography Executive
Committee
2002-2006: Director of Graduate Studies (Ph.D. and M.S. programs), Department of
Geography, Florida State University.
Duties included: 1) conducting orientation sessions for incoming graduate
students, 2) advising new students, 3) tracking student progress and serving as
the contact person for students navigating departmental, college and university
rules and regulations, 4) handling admissions inquiries, 5) compiling and tracking
admissions files and chairing the department’s Graduate Committee in
admissions decisions and policy matters impacting the program, 6) seeking
sources of funding for graduate students from both within and outside the
university, and 7) serving as the liaison between the department and the college
and university on graduate matters.
2001-2007: Member, Morton Winsberg Graduate Student Award Committee, Department of
Geography, Florida State University.
2000-2006: Member, Florida State University, Department of Geography Curriculum
Committee (Chair, 2002-2006)
1997- 2007: Member, Florida State University, Department of Geography Graduate
Admissions and Policy Committee
1996-2002: Coordinator for teaching assistants and adjuncts teaching World Geography
classes, Department of Geography, Florida State University.
1996-2002: Faculty Advisor, Geography and Environmental Studies Student Association,
Florida State University.
1994: Member, Department of Geology and Geography Curriculum Committee,
Georgia Southern University.
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1993: Member, Department of Geology and Geography, Geography Position Search
Committee, Georgia Southern University.
OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICE
2016: Reviewed book length manuscript, White Supremacy and the Making of America, for
University of North Carolina Press.
2013: Reviewed manuscript, ‘Geography of Sports’, for the Oxford Bibliographies in
Geography series. Oxford University Press.
Reviewed five chapters of John Rennie Short, A Short Introduction to Human Geography
for Oxford University Press.
2012: Reviewed five chapters of William Norton and Barney Warf, Human Geography (Eighth
Edition) for Oxford University Press.
2011: Reviewed five chapters of William Norton and Barney Warf, Human Geography (Eighth
Edition) for Oxford University Press.
Reviewed book proposal for University of Georgia Press.
Reviewed book-length manuscript, The Political Economy of the United States, for
Rowman and Littlefield Press.
Reviewed James Rubenstein, The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human
Geography (Tenth Edition) for Prentice Hall.
2009: Reviewed book proposal for Rowman and Littlefield Press.
2008: Reviewed book proposal for University of Georgia Press.
1994: Reviewed Tom McKnight. Regional Geography of the United States and Canada
(Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall) for Simon & Schuster.
1991: Reviewed Arthur Getis, Judith Getis and Jerome Fellman. Introduction to Geography,
3rd Edition, (Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown Publishers) for Wm C. Brown Publishers.
MEDIA INTERVIEWS
Television
2016: Featured by WVEC (ABC affiliate in Norfolk, Virginia) in a story on the Virginia ‘Super
Tuesday’ presidential primary (“Virginia Primary Voters Head to the Polls”). March
1.
2015: Interviewed and quoted by WAVY (NBC affiliate in Norfolk, Virginia) for a story on a
protest and request to remove the Confederate soldier statue from downtown Norfolk
(“Norfolk Civil Rights Group Addresses Confederate Monument at Council Meeting”).
August 25.
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Interviewed and quoted by WVEC (ABC affiliate in Norfolk, Virginia) for a story on a
protest and request to remove the Confederate soldier statue from downtown Norfolk
(“Norfolk Confederate Monument Protest”). August 25.
2002: Live in-studio analyst for Election Night 2002 coverage for Florida’s News Channel
(Statewide cable news channel). November 5.
2001: Interviewed by Florida Public Television / The Florida Channel for a documentary titled,
“Florida Crossroads: Back to the Drawing Board,” concerning the 2002 redistricting of
the Florida state legislature. Aired on WFSU-TV on November 1 and November 4, and
on other PBS stations across Florida.
Interviewed and quoted by WTXL (ABC affiliate in Tallahassee, Florida) for a story on
the Georgia State Legislature’s attempt to change the Georgia state flag (diminishing the
size of the Confederate battle emblem). January 30.
Interviewed and quoted by WCTV (CBS affiliate in Tallahassee, Florida and
Thomasville, Georgia) for two stories on the Georgia State Legislature’s attempt to
change the Georgia state flag (diminishing the size of the Confederate battle emblem).
January 29.
2000: Live in-studio analyst for Election 2000 and Florida Vote Recount coverage for Florida’s
News Channel (Statewide cable news channel). November 16 and 17, December 12 and
13.
Newspapers
2016: Interview and quoted by the Norfolk Virginian-Pilot for a story on a Confederate
monument debate in Portsmouth, Virginia, “Portsmouth Confederate monument at center
of debate” (published February 7).
2003: Interviewed and quoted by the Baltimore City Paper for a story on the 2004 presidential
primaries, “Maryland on Their Mind.” (published December 24)
2001: Name, FSU affiliation and research mentioned in the Decatur (AL) Daily News for a
story on government sanction for flying the Confederate battle flag, “A Flag of
Contention.” (published April 30).
Interviewed and quoted by the Chicago Tribune for a story on voting rights issues and the
2000 Presidential election, “Jeb Bush Faces Questioning in Voting Probe.” (published
January 11).
Interviewed and quoted by the Tallahassee Democrat for a story on voting rights issues
and the 2000 Presidential election, “Jackson Urges Fed Probe.” (published November
29).
1999: Interviewed and quoted by Investor’s Business Daily for a story on Southern politics,
“The Southern Vote is up for Grabs.”(published December 8).
1997: Interviewed and quoted by the Howard County Times (Columbia, Maryland) for a story
"Is Patriotism Dead?" (published July 3).
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1994: Interviewed by The Southern Record (Georgia Southern University Alumni Newspaper)
for story, "In Search of the South" (published in Summer/Fall 1994 edition), concerning
"Field Geography of the American South" course taught Summer Quarter 1994 (the
article was reprinted in the Statesboro Herald).
Radio
1994: Interviewed and quoted by Minnesota Public Radio (for a story that was broadcast on
June 20) concerning "Field Geography of the American South" course taught Summer
Quarter 1994.
Web
2015: Three academic articles discussed in the web article, “Research on the Confederate flag,
divisive politics and enduring meanings.” Journalist’s Resource (A project of the
Harvard Kennedy School’s Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy, and
the Carnegie-Knight Initiative). Article posted on July 13.
journalistsresource.org/studies/society/race-society/confederate-flag-divisive-politics-
and-enduring-meanings#sthash.llanWIeU.dpuf
Interviewed and quoted for story, “Old Dominion Expert Closely Watches South
Carolina Flag Debate.” Inside ODU. July 9.
https://www.odu.edu/news/2015/7/sc_flag_expert
One academic article discussed in the web article, “That Flag Again: The Meanings of
the Confederate Flag and Iconography.” JSTOR Daily. Article posted on June 24.
http://daily.jstor.org/flag-meanings-confederate-flag-iconography/