may 2010 1 itu-t workshop icts: building the green city of the future arthur levin chief, itu-tsb...
TRANSCRIPT
May 2010 1
ITU-T WorkshopITU-T WorkshopICTs: Building the Green City of ICTs: Building the Green City of
the Futurethe Future
Arthur LevinChief, ITU-TSB
United Nations PavilionEXPO-2010, 14 May 2010
Shanghai, China
May 2010 3
Introduction to ITU
Founded in 1865, it is the oldest specialized agency of the UN system
Standards making is the first ITU activities
191 Member States, 780 private sector entities
HQ Geneva, 11 regional offices, 760 staff/80 nationalities
Named as one of the world’s ten most enduring institutions by Booz Allen
Five elected officials: Secretary-General Deputy Secretary-General Director of the Radiocommunication Bureau (BR) Director of the Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB) Director of the Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT)
May 2010 4
Plenipotentiary Conference
ITU Council
ITU-TWorld
Telecommunication Standardization
Assembly
ITU-RWorld/Regional
Radiocommunication Conference
RadiocommunicationAssembly
ITU-DWorld/Regional
Telecommunication Development Conference
GeneralSecretariat
TELECOM
ITU Structure
May 2010 5
ITU Membership
Member States: 191 governments
ITU-T, ITU-R, ITU-D Sector Members (565)
ITU-T Sector membership fee:31,800 CHF (= 20k EUR)
Associates (154): have right to participate in one study group
Associate membership fee:10,600 CHF (= 7k EUR)
Today, 95% of the work in ITU-T is done by the private sector (Sector Members and Associates)
May 2010 6
Without ITU-T standards you couldn’t make a telephone call from one side of the world to another.
Without ITU-T standards the Internet wouldn’t function.
ITU-T Recommendationsconnect the world…
May 2010 7
ITU-T in a Nutshell
Work (mostly) done in Study Groups (10 of them) + Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group (TSAG)
ITU-T Product: Recommendations (= “standards”) Freely available to the public
Unique partnership of private sector (Sector Members) & government (Member States)
Truly global Consensus decisions Fast procedures, transparent procedures Common Patent Policy ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC
May 2010 8
ITU and Academia
1st Kaleidoscope event 2008: 140 contributions from
academic institutions from around the world
2nd Kaleidoscope event: Innovations for Digital Inclusion
September 2009, Mar del Plata, Argentina
3rd Event: Future Networks (India 2010)
Best papers proposed as new work
Published
May 2010 9
Did you Know?
Facebook alone uses an amount of capacity more than the entire Internet in 2000
It is estimated that the total electricity used in powering and cooling the 2 million servers of the 5 major search engines is around 5 gigawatts – which is the same amount of power used by the city of Las Vegas on the hottest day of the year
The Google data center in Oregon (US) consumes as much electricity each day as the city of Geneva
Data centers consumer more electricity than Argentina or the Netherlands
Whereas 80 Kg. of copper per line and per Km. were necessary in 1915 to carry a signal, only 0.01g of glass are sufficient today, a factor of 8 million
Between 16-50 Megatons of waste PCs and monitors are disposed of each year. This is enough to fill a container train of length equal to the circumference of the earth
While the average lifespan of a mobile phone is 5 years, 100 million Europeans will replace a phone this year after only one year of use
100 million customers receiving online phone bills would save 109,100 ton of CO2
May 2010 10
GLOBAL FRAMEWORK 1992 Framework Convention on Climate Change
1997 Kyoto Protocol was adopted at COP-3
while Convention encouraged developed countries to stabilize GHG emissions, the Protocol commits them to do so
2001 Detailed implementation rules adopted at COP-7 in Marrakesh
Annex B (developed countries) to reduce GHG emissions in period 2008-12 (6 gases, notably CO2))
average overall reduction of 5.2% against 1990 baseline; national targets vary
EU-15 countries have a tougher target of -8%• aviation and shipping were excluded
• Developing countries: only to monitor and report GHG emissions
Protocol established Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
allows parties to earn and trade emission credits through projects either in developed or developing countries
ICT not covered
May 2010 11
GLOBAL FRAMEWORK
2005 Kyoto Protocol came into effect for 177 countries; 189 now have ratified
2007 Fourth Assessment Report of IPCC clear link between GHG emission and climate change GHG emissions continue to grow as world continues to
industrialize
2012 First commitment period under Kyoto Protocol will expire
new framework is needed to deliver the stringent emission reductions the IPCC says are needed
May 2010 12
TOWARD A NEW GLOBAL FRAMEWORK
2007 COP-13 in Bali launched process for negotiation of the new Agreement
• established AWGLCA (Ad Hoc Working Group on Long Term Cooperative Action) to develop work program
2008 3 AWGLCA meetings: Bangkok, Bonn, Accra • **ITU is an observer
2009 Meeting of COP-14: Poznan, Poland• 3 more AWGLCA meetings; ITU sends input
2009 COP-15 meets in Copenhagen• Plenary “takes note” of the Copenhagen Accord• 12 paragraphs of text (started with 200 pages)• 100 countries have now signed up; but not China and India• Annex I commitments are all conditional on a new global agreement• Work on underlying Agreement continues
2010 COP-16 in Mexico