ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENGT

Presentation

On

“MAXIMUM DEMAND CONTROLLER”

By:-

PATEL RUSHI G.(100820109024)

PATEL DHAVAL I.(120823109011)

GANDHI AKUL M.(120823109012)

VALAND VIVEK U.(120823109013)

Under the Guidance of :-

Prof.ANKIT RABARI

Prof. AMARPAL KANOJIYA

Introduction

Literature review

Power Factor

Maximum Demand

Operational Diagram

Hardware detailed design

Flow of Controlling

Conclusion

References

Introduction In continues industrial process continues electricity

supply plays major roles. The Electricity costs are a fixed running cost and substantially by improving efficiency of electrical machines large an incentive to bring about saving electricity cost with good maximum demand controller the maximum KVA used during a metering month can be reduced and proportionally money can be saved.

Maximum Demand Control High-tension (HT) consumers have to pay a maximum demand charge in addition to the usual charge for the number of units consumed. This charge is usually based on the highest amount of power used during some period (say 30 minutes) during the metering month.

Literature review

(a) Up to 20 kVA of billing demand Rs. 65/- per kVA /month

(b) Above 20 kVA & up to 60 KVA billing demand Rs. 100/- per kVA /month

(c) Above 60 kVA of billing demand Rs. 150/- per kVA /month

(d) In excess of contract demand Rs. 225/- per kVA /month

• DEMAND CHARGES:

Note: BILLING DEMAND: Billing demand during the month shall be the

highest of the following:

1. Maximum demand recorded during the month.

2. 85 % of the contract demand.

3. 6 kVA

FOR eg.. CONTRACT OF 40 KVA DEMAND.

CASE 1)- FIXED CHARGES…………………………. RS. 6/-

PER KVA/MONTH

RS. 6 *65 = 390

CASE 2)- WITH IN 20 KVA DEMAND

RS. 20*65= 1300

Now, demand charge will be 1300

CASE 3)- UP TO USE 39 KVA

RS. 39*100 = 3900

but 3315 is consider as 85% of contract demand

SO demand charge will be 3315

CASE 4) for 42 KVA recorded as max demand

demand charges will be rs.4200 which is Rs. 825

more than case 3

CASE 5)- For 50 KVA max DEMAND recorded in month

50KVA * RS.100 = RS.500O

and 10 excess kva charged as 10*255=Rs.2550

the demand charge will be RS.7550 which is Rs.4235 more than case 3.

CASE 6)- For 62 kva recorded as max for a month

FOR 40 KVA,

6o KVA *150 KVA = Rs.9000

SO, 22KVA * RS. 225 =RS.4950

Now total demand charge RS. 9000 (FOR USED 61 KVA)

+ RS. 4950 excess of contract demand

……………………………

RS. 13950which is Rs10635 more than thecase 3

Power Factor Adjustment Charges:

1. The power factor adjustment charges shall be levied at the rate of 1% on total amount of electricity bills for the month under the head “Energy Charges “ for every 1% drop or part thereof in the average power factor during the month below 90% up to 85

2. In addition to the above clause, for every 1% drop or part thereof in average power factor during the month below 85% at the rate of 2% on the total amount of electricity bill for that month under the head “Energy Charges “, will be charged.

Power Factor Adjustment Rebate:

If the average power factor of the consumer’s installation in any month is above 95%, the consumer will be entitled to a rebate at the rate of 1% in excess of 95% power factor on the total amount of electricity bill for that month under the head “Energy Charges “, for every 1% rise or part thereof in the average power factor during the month above 95%.

Here we propose a technical solution to the problem .The

following figure illustrate connected loading to the mains of the

power supply.

The following Figure illustrate the incremental loading and

consequently reaching of in excess of contracted power.

As shown in following figure the Maximum Demand Controller will

enable the trend analysis for connected loading.The MDC also

response excess of contract demand by disconnecting loads which

are preselected.

The user can create group of loads with the same priority and

connection/disconnection sequence. The sequence could be

manage by FIFO or LIFO sequence system.

As we understood the problem arising with electrical

load demanding and the control of maximum demand

is resulted in energy economic losses we must address

this problem with strategy and technology. The power

distribution and power generation systems already

operate to resolve this problem by demand forecasting

or load compensations, etc. But energy users also affect

by the demand charges applied by the power

companies. The MAXIMUM DEMAND

CONTROLLER provides the solution at the user side

without voiding the system.

The continuous power consuming systems could operate at

economical extent by using MDC without affecting the

optimal operation of system .The device will generate

alarming signals and notify user when the 80% of maximum

demand is loaded by the system. When the system loading

reaches the maximum demand the predetermined loads will

be isolated from the system in order to reducing the critical

loading. These functions provide great convenience and

reliability of demand controlling at the user end. Also by

using solid state controllers and digital relays the device

becomes automated and compact high speed functionary. The

remote controlling and monitoring purpose of device is

achieved by using GSM/GPRS module. Energy metering and

prepay energy metering application of the system also been

considered to include for the MDC device as future

modifications.

References

Google patent record.

Gujrat state electricity act

Vivek Kumar Sehgal,Nitesh Panda, Nipun Rai Handa,

“ElectronicEnergy Meter with instant billing”,UKSim Fourth

European ModellingSymposium on Computer Modelling and

Simulation

Bharath P, Ananth N, Vijetha S, Jyothi Prakash K. V.

,“Wirelessautomated digital Energy Meter”, ICSET 2008

P.K. Lee and L.L. Lai, Fieee, “A practical approach to wireless

GPRS on-line power quality monitoring system”, Power

Engineering Society General Meeting, 2007.

Li Kaicheng, Liu Jianfeng, Yue Congyuan, Zhang Ming. “Remote

power management and meter-reading system based on ARM

microprocessor”, Precision Electromagnetic Measurements

Digest,2008. CPEM 2008. Conference on Digital Object Identifier.