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Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women Toby Maurer, MD University of California, San Francisco No Disclosures Acne Papulopustular Topicals okay Cystic, scarring, keloidal p.o. antibiotics Accutane

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Page 1: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women€¦ · Topicals • BP 5% gel (10% ‐more drying) • Retin A 0.025% ‐0.1% ( vehicle determines strength ‐start with crème) •

Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women

Toby Maurer, MD

University of California, San Francisco

No Disclosures

Acne

• Papulopustular

– Topicals okay

• Cystic, scarring, keloidal

– p.o. antibiotics

– Accutane

Page 2: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women€¦ · Topicals • BP 5% gel (10% ‐more drying) • Retin A 0.025% ‐0.1% ( vehicle determines strength ‐start with crème) •

Topicals

• BP 5% gel (10% ‐more drying)

• Retin A 0.025% ‐ 0.1% ( vehicle determines strength ‐ start with crème)

• Cleocin T or erythromycin topically

– Use 1 qam and 1qhs

– If NO success after 8 weeks, go to p.o.’s 

P.O. Antibiotics

• TCN ‐ 500 bid x 8 weeks

• Doxycycline ‐ 100 bid x 8 weeks

• Minocycline ‐ 100 bid x 8 weeks

• Taper ‐ Do NOT STOP ABRUPTLY

Page 3: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women€¦ · Topicals • BP 5% gel (10% ‐more drying) • Retin A 0.025% ‐0.1% ( vehicle determines strength ‐start with crème) •

Alternatives

• Erythromycin ‐ 500 bid

• Septra ‐ check WBC’s 

• Keflex‐500 tid

Spiranolactone

• Diuretic used in cirrhosis of liver

• Also an anti‐androgen

• Useful in females who have cysts around menstruation

• 50‐100 mg qday

• Increased urination, don’t use during pregnancy, ?electrolyte imbalance

Page 4: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women€¦ · Topicals • BP 5% gel (10% ‐more drying) • Retin A 0.025% ‐0.1% ( vehicle determines strength ‐start with crème) •

Post‐inflammatory

• Hyperpigmentation in the dermis

– Time

– Hydroquinone does not help

Melasma

• Hyperpigmentation of cheeks, chin, forehead

• Seen in pregnancy and in hormone replacement

• Also seen in females and males without hormone treatment

• Treatment ‐ Hydroquinone 4%, (Solaquin forte) sunscreen, Trilumma (retinoid, hydroquinone and steroid)

Page 5: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women€¦ · Topicals • BP 5% gel (10% ‐more drying) • Retin A 0.025% ‐0.1% ( vehicle determines strength ‐start with crème) •

Accutane

• Document failure of antibiotics

• Baseline CBC, LFT’s TG and cholestrol

• Counseling regarding birth control or BCP’s

• Perimenopausal women‐pregnancy risk

• Counseling on depression

Acne Rosacea

• Common in women over 40

• Often seen in persons of Irish decent

• Associated with seborrheic dermatitis

• Characterized by papules, erythema, telangiectasia 

• Sun exposure, alcohol and spicy foods exacerbate rosacea

Page 6: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women€¦ · Topicals • BP 5% gel (10% ‐more drying) • Retin A 0.025% ‐0.1% ( vehicle determines strength ‐start with crème) •

Acne Rosacea

• Oral antibiotics for 6‐8 weeks clears skin for some amount of time

• Add topical flagyl for maintainance

• Topicals alone work slowly and less frequently

Perioral Dermatitis

• Characterized by small papules and pustules

• In 30‐40 year olds, centered around mouth and eyes (perioral/orbital dermatitis)

• These patients may never have had history of acne as teens

Page 7: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women€¦ · Topicals • BP 5% gel (10% ‐more drying) • Retin A 0.025% ‐0.1% ( vehicle determines strength ‐start with crème) •

Seborrheic Dermatitis

• Scale ‐ hairline, eyebrows, nasolabial area

• Heat and stress exacerbate it

• Seen with rosacea in some patients

Treatment

• Keep scale off scale

– Tar shampoo

– Selenium sulfide

– Nizoral 2% shampoo

• HC 1% ointment & Nizoral creme BID

• Chronic, no cure

• Use when needed

Page 8: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women€¦ · Topicals • BP 5% gel (10% ‐more drying) • Retin A 0.025% ‐0.1% ( vehicle determines strength ‐start with crème) •

Psoriasis‐What is it?

• Fast growing skin‐takes 3 days to come to surface and desquamate

• Normal rate is 28 days

• Psoriatic skin has a fast mitotic rate

• Triggers an inflammatory response in and around affected skin

• New onset often preceded by strep infection (strep pharyngitis) especially in the younger age group.

• In older age group, drugs often unmask psoriasis

• Drugs: beta‐blockers, lithium, NSAIDS, antimalarials, terbinafine, gemfibrozil‐pts on these meds for 3‐6 months before onset of psoriasis

Page 9: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women€¦ · Topicals • BP 5% gel (10% ‐more drying) • Retin A 0.025% ‐0.1% ( vehicle determines strength ‐start with crème) •

Psoriasis‐Tx:

• Decrease the MITOTIC RATE of skin– Tar (LCD 5% in TAC 0.1% oint) 

( Tar emulsions)

– topical retinoids (Tazarac)

• Decrease the INFLAMMATORY Reaction of the skin

– Steroid Ointment (mid‐potency‐1st line)

– Calcipotriene (Dovonex Creme)‐not on face or groin

– Clobetasol/Dovonex combination

– Ultraviolet light

NO PREDNISONE

Page 10: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women€¦ · Topicals • BP 5% gel (10% ‐more drying) • Retin A 0.025% ‐0.1% ( vehicle determines strength ‐start with crème) •

Urticaria

• Acute < 6 weeks

• Chronic > 6 weeks– 85% of chronic cases, no etiology

• Check CBC, LFT’s, PPD, hepatitis A, B and C, tinea and candida 

• Treatment ‐ treat underlying condition, antihistamines (sedating and non‐sedating)

• NO PREDNISONE

Intertrigo

• Pendulous breasts or pannus

• Always component of candida

• Blow dry area

• Apply topical antifungals

• Tucks pads

Page 11: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women€¦ · Topicals • BP 5% gel (10% ‐more drying) • Retin A 0.025% ‐0.1% ( vehicle determines strength ‐start with crème) •

Too Much Hair

• Vaniqa

– topical cream that breaks the chemical bond of hair

– apply 2x’s/day forever

– 30% effective

– $30/month

Hair Removal

– pigment of hair absorbs the light and gets destroyed

– dark hair responds– hair is always in different growth phases, so treatment has to be repeated several times to catch the phase(expensive)

– pigment changes of surrounding skin and scarring

– fast and minimal scarring

Page 12: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women€¦ · Topicals • BP 5% gel (10% ‐more drying) • Retin A 0.025% ‐0.1% ( vehicle determines strength ‐start with crème) •

Hair Loss

• If not scarring and diffuse:

• Check recent surgeries/illness, nutrition,anemia, TSH, estrogen replacement, medication history, VDRL.

• If hirsute with scalp hair loss‐DHEAS and free testosterone

• If lactating‐ check prolactin

If all negative

• Androgenetic Alopecia‐

Minoxidil 5% bid topically (even in women)

Can make hair oily‐may want to start with minoxidil 2% or use 2% by day and 5% at night

Minoxidil foam –once at night

Use for at least 6 months for results and what you see after 1 yr. is the effect you can expect.

What about finasteride (propecia)?‐Does not work in women.

Page 13: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women€¦ · Topicals • BP 5% gel (10% ‐more drying) • Retin A 0.025% ‐0.1% ( vehicle determines strength ‐start with crème) •

Cellulitis

• Goal in study was to have dermatologists diagnose cellulitis vs other diseases

• 635 pts seen‐67% had cellulitis N=425• 33% had other‐eczema, lymphedema, lipodermatosclerosis

• Of the 425 with cellulitis, 30% had predisposing dermatologic disease

• Hospitalization was averted for 96% of those with cellulitis (p.o antiotics)

Levell et al Br J of Dermatol (BJD) 2011 Feb

Take Home Points:

• Does the patient really have cellulitis?

• Is there an underlying dermatologic cause that contributes  to condition‐if treated could prevent repeated episodes?

• Does this patient require hospitalization?

Page 14: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women€¦ · Topicals • BP 5% gel (10% ‐more drying) • Retin A 0.025% ‐0.1% ( vehicle determines strength ‐start with crème) •

Recurrent Cellulitis

• In study of 274 pts who had at least 2 episodes of cellulits in 3 yrs:

• Prophylactic penicillin 250 bid decreased rates of recurrence in treatment gp vs placebo group ( tx=22% vs 37% in placebo gp)

• BUT off meds and followed‐recurrence rate was the same in both groups.

• NEJM Thomas etal. May 2013

Venous Insufficiency Ulcer

• Control Edema

– Elevation of leg above heart 2 hours twice daily

– Walk, don’t sit

– Compression

• Diuretics overused and not of benefit unless fluid retention due to central problem is present (CHF, CRF)

• Create healing wound environment

Page 15: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women€¦ · Topicals • BP 5% gel (10% ‐more drying) • Retin A 0.025% ‐0.1% ( vehicle determines strength ‐start with crème) •

Venous Insufficiency Ulcer

• Compression dressing

– Unna boot covered by Coban – this requires a good nursing staff with training and experience

– This both provides graded compression AND creates the correct wound environment

• Semipermeable dressing (Hydrosorb, Duoderm, etc)

• Change dressing weekly

• Refer to dermatology if not  healing

When is a Leg Ulcer Infected?

• All  leg ulcers are colonized with bacteria. Surface culture of little value

• Suspect infection if: 

– Increasing pain

– Surrounding erythema, cellulitis

– Focal area not healing and undermining present

Page 16: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women€¦ · Topicals • BP 5% gel (10% ‐more drying) • Retin A 0.025% ‐0.1% ( vehicle determines strength ‐start with crème) •

Hidraadenitis supparativa

• Hidradentitis‐go back to strong antiinflammatories like rifampin and clindamycin‐12 week course

• Moxifloxicin, metranidazole, rifampin‐Lambert et al. Dermatology 2011

• Acitretin may have some activity‐drug is classically used for psoriasis (original use for TNF blockers Boer et al Br J Dermatol 2011 Jan

Page 17: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women€¦ · Topicals • BP 5% gel (10% ‐more drying) • Retin A 0.025% ‐0.1% ( vehicle determines strength ‐start with crème) •

Chronic wounds

• If not healing and developing thickened or ulcerated skin‐biopsy for cancer

• Can it be used in pts with previous zoster‐yes

• How about use in younger age groups?

• Needs to be give within ½ hour of reconstitution

• $150.00 for injection

• Cost‐effectiveness of vaccination against herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia: a critical review‐Kawai K et al, Vaccine March 2014

Page 18: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women€¦ · Topicals • BP 5% gel (10% ‐more drying) • Retin A 0.025% ‐0.1% ( vehicle determines strength ‐start with crème) •

‐uptake in most communities is only around 30%

‐recommended now before giving patients immunosuppressive drugs like MTX or TNF blockers JAMA 2011

• Sunscreens‐ Australian study randomized residents to daily use vs discretionary us between 1992 and 1996

• Risk for developing any melanoma reduced by 50% and invasive melanoma risk reduced by 73%

• Same trial also showed reduction of risk of developing squamous cell cancer

Green et al. J Clin Oncol 2011 Jan 20; 29:257

Page 19: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women€¦ · Topicals • BP 5% gel (10% ‐more drying) • Retin A 0.025% ‐0.1% ( vehicle determines strength ‐start with crème) •

Tanning Beds

• International Agency for Research on Cancer

• Comprehensive metaanlaysis found that risk of melanoma (skin and eye) increases by 75% when tanning begins before age 30.

• Cite this to your young patients

El Ghissassi et al. Lancet Oncol 2009 Aug 10:751 

The Telederm Experiment

• California Health Care Foundation‐can we make it happen in San Francisco area

• Primary care provider has any derm question or wants to refer to derm

• ALL referrals go through telederm‐even if it is a pt followed by derm in past

Page 20: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women€¦ · Topicals • BP 5% gel (10% ‐more drying) • Retin A 0.025% ‐0.1% ( vehicle determines strength ‐start with crème) •

• Obtains verbal consent from pt

• Provider or assistant takes picture and uploads picture

• Question can be typed in on web based template at the time of pt visit or later that day, etc

• Derm group answers question and primary will get notification that derm report is ready

• Provider will get first pass advice‐what is it, how to treat, when he/she should see pt back or when to refer

OR

• Provider will be alerted that pt needs dermappointment and pt will be LINKED into CARE within an appropriate time to be seen in LIVE CLINIC (manned by our dermatologists).

• Derm report is part of the electronic medical record

Page 21: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women€¦ · Topicals • BP 5% gel (10% ‐more drying) • Retin A 0.025% ‐0.1% ( vehicle determines strength ‐start with crème) •

• Dermatologists from UCSF read the triage consults and they also staff the live clinics at the primary care providers site

Results to date

• We have completed around 4000 consults

• 75% of consults have been successfully treated by primary provider with dermguidance‐the GPS system

• 25% seen in live derm clinic

• Wait time at San Mateo was 9 months to see DERM.  Now we get consults back in 2 days and live clinics booked within 1 month

Page 22: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women€¦ · Topicals • BP 5% gel (10% ‐more drying) • Retin A 0.025% ‐0.1% ( vehicle determines strength ‐start with crème) •

• Primary providers have learned  from one on one consults

• Primary providers have had to DO some dermatology

• Live dermatology clinic –difficult cases but time has been properly apportioned to see them

• Suspect Hypertrophic lichen planus

• Start pt on clobetasol oint bid

• Order CBC, LFT’s and G6PD

• Look in mouth and genitals‐if lesions‐set up with GI for endoscopy

• Our scheduler will call pt to come in next 3 wks

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PCP’s reply

• Labs obtained, linkage of care to specialists within 1 month ( bonus for hospital), meds started, I learned what this is, what labs to get and that in some circumstances assoc with cancer‐can I get CME?