maurer common dermatologic conditions in women€¦ · topicals • bp 5% gel (10% ‐more drying)...
TRANSCRIPT
Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women
Toby Maurer, MD
University of California, San Francisco
No Disclosures
Acne
• Papulopustular
– Topicals okay
• Cystic, scarring, keloidal
– p.o. antibiotics
– Accutane
Topicals
• BP 5% gel (10% ‐more drying)
• Retin A 0.025% ‐ 0.1% ( vehicle determines strength ‐ start with crème)
• Cleocin T or erythromycin topically
– Use 1 qam and 1qhs
– If NO success after 8 weeks, go to p.o.’s
P.O. Antibiotics
• TCN ‐ 500 bid x 8 weeks
• Doxycycline ‐ 100 bid x 8 weeks
• Minocycline ‐ 100 bid x 8 weeks
• Taper ‐ Do NOT STOP ABRUPTLY
Alternatives
• Erythromycin ‐ 500 bid
• Septra ‐ check WBC’s
• Keflex‐500 tid
Spiranolactone
• Diuretic used in cirrhosis of liver
• Also an anti‐androgen
• Useful in females who have cysts around menstruation
• 50‐100 mg qday
• Increased urination, don’t use during pregnancy, ?electrolyte imbalance
Post‐inflammatory
• Hyperpigmentation in the dermis
– Time
– Hydroquinone does not help
Melasma
• Hyperpigmentation of cheeks, chin, forehead
• Seen in pregnancy and in hormone replacement
• Also seen in females and males without hormone treatment
• Treatment ‐ Hydroquinone 4%, (Solaquin forte) sunscreen, Trilumma (retinoid, hydroquinone and steroid)
Accutane
• Document failure of antibiotics
• Baseline CBC, LFT’s TG and cholestrol
• Counseling regarding birth control or BCP’s
• Perimenopausal women‐pregnancy risk
• Counseling on depression
Acne Rosacea
• Common in women over 40
• Often seen in persons of Irish decent
• Associated with seborrheic dermatitis
• Characterized by papules, erythema, telangiectasia
• Sun exposure, alcohol and spicy foods exacerbate rosacea
Acne Rosacea
• Oral antibiotics for 6‐8 weeks clears skin for some amount of time
• Add topical flagyl for maintainance
• Topicals alone work slowly and less frequently
Perioral Dermatitis
• Characterized by small papules and pustules
• In 30‐40 year olds, centered around mouth and eyes (perioral/orbital dermatitis)
• These patients may never have had history of acne as teens
Seborrheic Dermatitis
• Scale ‐ hairline, eyebrows, nasolabial area
• Heat and stress exacerbate it
• Seen with rosacea in some patients
Treatment
• Keep scale off scale
– Tar shampoo
– Selenium sulfide
– Nizoral 2% shampoo
• HC 1% ointment & Nizoral creme BID
• Chronic, no cure
• Use when needed
Psoriasis‐What is it?
• Fast growing skin‐takes 3 days to come to surface and desquamate
• Normal rate is 28 days
• Psoriatic skin has a fast mitotic rate
• Triggers an inflammatory response in and around affected skin
• New onset often preceded by strep infection (strep pharyngitis) especially in the younger age group.
• In older age group, drugs often unmask psoriasis
• Drugs: beta‐blockers, lithium, NSAIDS, antimalarials, terbinafine, gemfibrozil‐pts on these meds for 3‐6 months before onset of psoriasis
Psoriasis‐Tx:
• Decrease the MITOTIC RATE of skin– Tar (LCD 5% in TAC 0.1% oint)
( Tar emulsions)
– topical retinoids (Tazarac)
• Decrease the INFLAMMATORY Reaction of the skin
– Steroid Ointment (mid‐potency‐1st line)
– Calcipotriene (Dovonex Creme)‐not on face or groin
– Clobetasol/Dovonex combination
– Ultraviolet light
NO PREDNISONE
Urticaria
• Acute < 6 weeks
• Chronic > 6 weeks– 85% of chronic cases, no etiology
• Check CBC, LFT’s, PPD, hepatitis A, B and C, tinea and candida
• Treatment ‐ treat underlying condition, antihistamines (sedating and non‐sedating)
• NO PREDNISONE
Intertrigo
• Pendulous breasts or pannus
• Always component of candida
• Blow dry area
• Apply topical antifungals
• Tucks pads
Too Much Hair
• Vaniqa
– topical cream that breaks the chemical bond of hair
– apply 2x’s/day forever
– 30% effective
– $30/month
Hair Removal
– pigment of hair absorbs the light and gets destroyed
– dark hair responds– hair is always in different growth phases, so treatment has to be repeated several times to catch the phase(expensive)
– pigment changes of surrounding skin and scarring
– fast and minimal scarring
Hair Loss
• If not scarring and diffuse:
• Check recent surgeries/illness, nutrition,anemia, TSH, estrogen replacement, medication history, VDRL.
• If hirsute with scalp hair loss‐DHEAS and free testosterone
• If lactating‐ check prolactin
If all negative
• Androgenetic Alopecia‐
Minoxidil 5% bid topically (even in women)
Can make hair oily‐may want to start with minoxidil 2% or use 2% by day and 5% at night
Minoxidil foam –once at night
Use for at least 6 months for results and what you see after 1 yr. is the effect you can expect.
What about finasteride (propecia)?‐Does not work in women.
Cellulitis
• Goal in study was to have dermatologists diagnose cellulitis vs other diseases
• 635 pts seen‐67% had cellulitis N=425• 33% had other‐eczema, lymphedema, lipodermatosclerosis
• Of the 425 with cellulitis, 30% had predisposing dermatologic disease
• Hospitalization was averted for 96% of those with cellulitis (p.o antiotics)
Levell et al Br J of Dermatol (BJD) 2011 Feb
Take Home Points:
• Does the patient really have cellulitis?
• Is there an underlying dermatologic cause that contributes to condition‐if treated could prevent repeated episodes?
• Does this patient require hospitalization?
Recurrent Cellulitis
• In study of 274 pts who had at least 2 episodes of cellulits in 3 yrs:
• Prophylactic penicillin 250 bid decreased rates of recurrence in treatment gp vs placebo group ( tx=22% vs 37% in placebo gp)
• BUT off meds and followed‐recurrence rate was the same in both groups.
• NEJM Thomas etal. May 2013
Venous Insufficiency Ulcer
• Control Edema
– Elevation of leg above heart 2 hours twice daily
– Walk, don’t sit
– Compression
• Diuretics overused and not of benefit unless fluid retention due to central problem is present (CHF, CRF)
• Create healing wound environment
Venous Insufficiency Ulcer
• Compression dressing
– Unna boot covered by Coban – this requires a good nursing staff with training and experience
– This both provides graded compression AND creates the correct wound environment
• Semipermeable dressing (Hydrosorb, Duoderm, etc)
• Change dressing weekly
• Refer to dermatology if not healing
When is a Leg Ulcer Infected?
• All leg ulcers are colonized with bacteria. Surface culture of little value
• Suspect infection if:
– Increasing pain
– Surrounding erythema, cellulitis
– Focal area not healing and undermining present
Hidraadenitis supparativa
• Hidradentitis‐go back to strong antiinflammatories like rifampin and clindamycin‐12 week course
• Moxifloxicin, metranidazole, rifampin‐Lambert et al. Dermatology 2011
• Acitretin may have some activity‐drug is classically used for psoriasis (original use for TNF blockers Boer et al Br J Dermatol 2011 Jan
Chronic wounds
• If not healing and developing thickened or ulcerated skin‐biopsy for cancer
• Can it be used in pts with previous zoster‐yes
• How about use in younger age groups?
• Needs to be give within ½ hour of reconstitution
• $150.00 for injection
• Cost‐effectiveness of vaccination against herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia: a critical review‐Kawai K et al, Vaccine March 2014
‐uptake in most communities is only around 30%
‐recommended now before giving patients immunosuppressive drugs like MTX or TNF blockers JAMA 2011
• Sunscreens‐ Australian study randomized residents to daily use vs discretionary us between 1992 and 1996
• Risk for developing any melanoma reduced by 50% and invasive melanoma risk reduced by 73%
• Same trial also showed reduction of risk of developing squamous cell cancer
Green et al. J Clin Oncol 2011 Jan 20; 29:257
Tanning Beds
• International Agency for Research on Cancer
• Comprehensive metaanlaysis found that risk of melanoma (skin and eye) increases by 75% when tanning begins before age 30.
• Cite this to your young patients
El Ghissassi et al. Lancet Oncol 2009 Aug 10:751
The Telederm Experiment
• California Health Care Foundation‐can we make it happen in San Francisco area
• Primary care provider has any derm question or wants to refer to derm
• ALL referrals go through telederm‐even if it is a pt followed by derm in past
• Obtains verbal consent from pt
• Provider or assistant takes picture and uploads picture
• Question can be typed in on web based template at the time of pt visit or later that day, etc
• Derm group answers question and primary will get notification that derm report is ready
• Provider will get first pass advice‐what is it, how to treat, when he/she should see pt back or when to refer
OR
• Provider will be alerted that pt needs dermappointment and pt will be LINKED into CARE within an appropriate time to be seen in LIVE CLINIC (manned by our dermatologists).
• Derm report is part of the electronic medical record
• Dermatologists from UCSF read the triage consults and they also staff the live clinics at the primary care providers site
Results to date
• We have completed around 4000 consults
• 75% of consults have been successfully treated by primary provider with dermguidance‐the GPS system
• 25% seen in live derm clinic
• Wait time at San Mateo was 9 months to see DERM. Now we get consults back in 2 days and live clinics booked within 1 month
• Primary providers have learned from one on one consults
• Primary providers have had to DO some dermatology
• Live dermatology clinic –difficult cases but time has been properly apportioned to see them
• Suspect Hypertrophic lichen planus
• Start pt on clobetasol oint bid
• Order CBC, LFT’s and G6PD
• Look in mouth and genitals‐if lesions‐set up with GI for endoscopy
• Our scheduler will call pt to come in next 3 wks
PCP’s reply
• Labs obtained, linkage of care to specialists within 1 month ( bonus for hospital), meds started, I learned what this is, what labs to get and that in some circumstances assoc with cancer‐can I get CME?