matter rajesh gupta university of california, san diego. mr. smith’s class
TRANSCRIPT
Matter
Rajesh GuptaUniversity of California, San Diego.
Mr. Smith’s Class
All around us!All around us!
Matter takes up Matter takes up space! Matter can space! Matter can be…be…
solidssolids
LiquidsLiquids
GasesGases
Matter can be simple
Water
Sugar
Paper
Matter can be Matter can be complexcomplex
A Candy BarA Candy Bar
A ChairA Chair
A CarA Car
Characteristics of Matter:
Flexibility
Color
Shape
Texture
Size
Weight
Matter can change from a Matter can change from a
Solid toSolid to
A liquid
A liquid to…A liquid to…
a Gasa Gas
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Matter changes
by....Heat
Freezing
BendingCutting
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HeatBefore…
After…
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FreezingBefore… After…
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CuttingBefore… After…
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BendingAfter…Before…
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So, Matter is what the world is made of
Things are ‘material’ Matter is a thing that takes up space Immaterial things are not important Can you think of a thing that is not matter?
We have five senses Touch, Taste, Smell, See, Hear
►All things we can experience with our sense are material
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Matter can be in different states
Solids
Liquids
Gasses
Energy
What happens when you cool solids?
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Solids
Solids hold their own shape.
Solids have weight. Solids take up space.
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Liquids
Liquids take the shape of their container.
Liquids have weight. Liquids take up space.
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Gasses
Gasses spread out to fill the entire space given.
Gasses have weight.
Gasses take up space.
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Plasma
Lightning is a plasma. Used in fluorescent light
bulbs and Neon lights. Plasma is a lot like a
gas, but the particles are electrically charged.
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STATES of matter?
What would it take for matter to move from one state to another?
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Energy determines the state!
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Particles in Solids:
Are packed tightly together
Have very little energy
Can be pure elements or compounds (a mixture)
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Solids: Mixtures & Crystals
What is the difference between a rock, concrete, diamond?
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Particles in Liquids:
Are loosely packed
Have medium energy levels
Take less effort to compress than solids
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Particles in Gasses:
Move freely
Have LOTS of energy
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Particles in Plasma:
Are electrically charged
Have EXTREMELY high energy levels
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Mixtures may be in different phases
Solid? Liquid? Gas? Plasma?
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Add or Subtract Energy. . .
When energy is added, particles move faster!
When energy is taken away, particles move slower!
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What will happen? Why?
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Solid + Energy = ?
When energy is added to solids, they become liquids!
Examples?
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Liquid + Energy = ?
When energy is added to liquids, they become gasses!
What examples can you think of?
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Changing States
There are several names for matter changing states:
State change
Phase change
Physical change
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Facts
Matter is made of molecules Which are made of atoms
There are five known states of matter Three: Solid, Liquid, Gas Four: Plasma Five: Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC)
State changes can be Physical: same molecules, less or more energy Chemical: molecules are different
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Physical versus Chemical Changes
You can cause physical changes with Forces like: motion, temperature, pressure May change shape, texture, state of matter Melting a sugar cube
Chemical changes happen on a much smaller scale Change between molecules Burning a sugar cube
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Not all molecules are alike!
Energy levels may vary from one to the next Molecules on the surface of a liquid have
different energy levels
Some liquid molecules may escape EVAPORATION
Evaporation increases with temperature Decreases with pressure
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Credits
Larraine N. Castleberry Provo Craft Hugware Chem4Kids.com