matter properties and classification ap chemistry croatan high school thanks to david english
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MatterProperties and Classification
AP ChemistryCroatan High School
Thanks to David English
![Page 2: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Matter
• Matter: Anything that occupies space and has mass
• Examples of matter include….• Matter does not include ENERGY–Relationship between matter and energy is important
![Page 3: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Classification
• Scientists like to classify what they study–Provides order –Produces a standard language
![Page 4: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Classification in Chemistry
• Chemists study matter so we need a classification system for matter
![Page 5: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
• Matter can be subdivided into two types based on how many PHASES exist in the sample
![Page 6: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
• Phase: A region of matter with a set of unique properties and definite boundaries
![Page 7: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
![Page 8: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
• So….• either we have 1 phase or more
than 1 phase• First question to ask yourself: Is
there one or more than one phase?
![Page 9: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
Matter
• One PhaseHomogeneous
• Multiple Phases
Heterogeneous
![Page 10: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Homogeneous Matter
• The next question that you would ask yourself is:
• Can the sample of homogeneous matter be separated into parts by physical means?–Two possible answers: yes or no
![Page 11: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
• Pure Substance
Homogeneous MatterCAN IT BE SEPARATED?
HomogeneousMixture
YesNO
![Page 12: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
• Homogeneous Mixture: A mixture that exists in one phase–Also known as a solution
![Page 13: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
• Solutions–Two Parts: •Solvent: Part of the mixture in greatest amount•Solute: Part in lower amount–Can have more than one
![Page 14: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Kinds of matter
![Page 15: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
![Page 16: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
• Solutions–Solutions can contain different amounts of solute per amount of solution •Variable composition
![Page 17: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
• Solutions:–Each part of the solution keeps its own properties–True of all types of mixtures•Not just solutions
![Page 18: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
![Page 19: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Kinds of MatterSolutions
ExamplesTeaSalt WaterGasoline
![Page 20: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
• Solutions–Can be separated by•Evaporation–Due to components maintaining their own boiling points–Example: Salt water
![Page 21: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
• Evaporation is a major technique in obtaining salt.
![Page 22: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
• Pure Substance
Homogeneous MatterCAN IT BE SEPARATED?
HomogeneousMixture
YesNO
![Page 23: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
Pure Substances
Elements Compounds
![Page 24: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
• ELEMENTS–Made of one kind of particle (atom)–Cannot be broken down to something simpler
![Page 25: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
• Elements• Classified using the Periodic
Table–Represented by Chemical Symbols
![Page 26: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
![Page 27: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
• Elements: metals
![Page 28: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
![Page 29: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
• Elements: Nonmetals
![Page 30: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Kinds of Elements
![Page 31: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
• Elements: Metalloids
![Page 32: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Kinds of Elements
![Page 33: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
![Page 34: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
• Compounds–Pure substance composed of 2 or more elements combined in DEFINITE RATIOS
![Page 35: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
![Page 36: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
• Compounds• Chemical Bond: Force of
attraction that holds atoms together to make a compound–Major topic for later
• Molecule: Multiple atoms held together by chemical bonds. The simplest unit of a compound
![Page 37: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
–Law of Definite Proportions:Individual compounds are always composed of the same elements in exactly the same proportion by mass–Example: Water is always composed of Hydrogen and Oxygen in a 1 to 8 mass ratio
![Page 38: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
• Law of Definite Proportions allows us to use chemical formulas to represent chemical compounds.
• The chemical formula for a compound is constant–Water is always H2O, Ammonia is always NH3
![Page 39: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
• Compounds: –Parts cannot be separated by physical means (filtration, evaporation…)
![Page 40: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
• Compounds–When compounds are broken down it is by chemical means–Bonds break ,atoms rearrange, new bonds form to give new, pure substances
![Page 41: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
![Page 42: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
Matter
One PhaseHomogeneous
Multiple PhasesHeterogeneous
![Page 43: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
• Big difference in heterogeneous mixtures and homogeneous mixture is particle size–Solutions have particle size in range of atoms and/or molecules–Heterogeneous mixture: particles greater than 1000 nm diameter
![Page 44: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Kinds of Matter
• Heterogeneous Mixtures–Variable in composition–Parts of mixture can be separated by physical means•Often based on particle size–filtration
![Page 45: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649d8c5503460f94a73279/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)