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Matter in Chemistry

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Matter in

Chemistry

• There are many different types of atoms, and consequently, there are many possible combinations of two or more atoms that can chemically bond.

Matter in ChemistryOrdinary matter is composed of atoms and

groups of atoms bonded together, called molecules.

• Molecules as components of matter are

common in organic substances. They also

make up most of the oceans and atmosphere.

• However, the majority of familiar solid substances on Earth, including most of

the minerals that make up the crust, mantle,

and core of the Earth, contain many chemical bonds, but are not made of identifiable molecules.

Page 3: Matter in ChemistryNov 11, 2018 · Ordinary matter is composed of atoms and groups of atoms bonded together, called molecules. • Molecules as components of matter are common in

All ordinary matter can be classified as either

a pure substance or a mixture.

liquid nitrogengold ingots

Chemical Substance

A chemical substance is a form of matter that has

a definite chemical composition throughoutand distinct characteristic properties.

honey

Page 4: Matter in ChemistryNov 11, 2018 · Ordinary matter is composed of atoms and groups of atoms bonded together, called molecules. • Molecules as components of matter are common in

Classification of Substances

• Elements: substances that are

made from one type of atom only.

• Compounds: substances that are

made from more than one type of

atom chemically bonded together.

• Mixtures: substances that are

made from more than one type of

atom combined physically, but

not chemically.

Page 5: Matter in ChemistryNov 11, 2018 · Ordinary matter is composed of atoms and groups of atoms bonded together, called molecules. • Molecules as components of matter are common in

Chemical Element

A chemical element consists of a single type of atom distinguished by its atomic number.

• Native elements copper and gold were known in primitive human societies; iron was being extracted (smelted) as early as 1500 BC.

• Nearly all of the naturally-occurring elements were discovered by 1900.

• Some elements can occur as more than a single chemical substance (allotropes): oxygen exists as both diatomic oxygen (O2) and ozone (O3).

• There are 118 known elements, about 80 of which are stable (they do not change by radioactive decay into other elements). There are 94 naturally occurring elements and 24 synthetic (man-made) elements.

• The number of possible elements is not known.

Page 6: Matter in ChemistryNov 11, 2018 · Ordinary matter is composed of atoms and groups of atoms bonded together, called molecules. • Molecules as components of matter are common in

Periodic Table of Elements

Page 7: Matter in ChemistryNov 11, 2018 · Ordinary matter is composed of atoms and groups of atoms bonded together, called molecules. • Molecules as components of matter are common in

Elements and Compounds

• Sodium is an element.

• Chlorine is an element.

• When sodium and chlorine

bond they make up the compound sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt. Compounds have different

properties than the elements that make them up:

for example, table salt has different properties than sodium, an explosive metal, and chlorine, a poisonous gas.

Page 8: Matter in ChemistryNov 11, 2018 · Ordinary matter is composed of atoms and groups of atoms bonded together, called molecules. • Molecules as components of matter are common in

Elements, Compounds, Mixtures

• Hydrogen is an element.

• Oxygen is an element.

• When hydrogen and oxygen

bond they make the compound water.

• When salt and water are combined, a mixture is

created.

Ocean water is a mixture

Water is a compound

Components in mixtures retain their individual

properties.

Page 9: Matter in ChemistryNov 11, 2018 · Ordinary matter is composed of atoms and groups of atoms bonded together, called molecules. • Molecules as components of matter are common in

• Homogenous – composition of the mixture is the same throughout; only one phase of matter is present.

Types of Mixtures

solder

• Heterogeneous –composition is notuniform throughout.

steel

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