Matter and Change

Mrs. McGuire

Chemistry

Classification of MatterSome Criteria for the Classification of Matter

______________

_________(solid, liquid, gas)

_______________

Properties

Intensive -Do not depend

on amount of matter.Ex: __________, ________________,

____________

Extensive

-Depend on amount of matter.Ex: ________,

______________,

______________

Intensive and Extensive Properties

Sulfur

Properties

Physical: observed _______________________of the substance.

Chemical: the ability of a substance to _______________

___________________________

Examples of Physical Properties

Substance State Color Melting

Point (C°)

Boiling Point (C°)

Density (g/cm3)

Oxygen O2 Gas Colorless -218 -183 0.0014

Mercury Hg Liquid Silvery-white

-39 357 13.5

Bromine Br2 Liquid Red-brown -7 59 3.12

Water H2O Liquid Colorless 0 100 1.00

Sodium Chloride

NaCl Solid White 801 1413 2.17

Example: Physical Properties

States of Matter

Solid __________________________

__________________________Liquid

___________________________________________________

Gas_________________________

STATES of matter

Bromine

Gas (Vapor)

Liquid

Change of Phase

Condensation gas liquidFreezing liquid solidDeposition gas solid

Melting solid liquidEvaporation liquid gasSublimation solid gas

Boiling: Evaporation occurring beneath the liquid’s surface.

Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes

Is changing phase a physical or chemical change? ___________________Explain:

H2O composition is fixed- compound

Gaseous Phase Liquid Phase

Chemical Properties

The ability of a ___________________________________(to

undergo a chemical change).

Example: Magnesium ______ with oxygen to form magnesium

oxide.

Magnesium Mg

Burning of Magnesium2Mg+ O2 2MgO

Physical ChangesPhysical change: a _________ in the

___________________of a substance.

Composition does not change.May be reversible or irreversible.

Examples:Reversible:Irreversible:

Chemical Change

A change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter.

Atoms rearrange themselves into new combinations.

Burning of MethaneCH4 +2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

Burning of Methane__________________________

Recognizing a Chemical Change

_________ exchange production of a _____________ change***formation of a ____________

Formation of a Precipitate

Cu(OH)2

Precipitate

The Law of Conservation of Mass (Antoine Lavoisier)

In any chemical or physical change, ________________

_______________________

Mass is CONSTANT

Classification of Matter(by composition)

(Pure) Substance

Matter that has a uniform and definite composition.Elements: _________________ _________________________ _________________________Compounds: __________________________________________

c) Elements and Compounds

Pure substances

Elements can NOT be decomposed by chemical means, but compounds can.

ElementsThe ___________substances.________________into simpler

substances.Building blocks of all matter. More than 100 known elements.Represented by

___________symbols.

Chemical Symbols of Elements

System started by Jons Berzelius (Sweden, 1779-1848)

One or two first letters of name of the element.

Many elements names have roots from: Latin, Greek, mythology, geography, names of scientists.

Examples:

Americium, ____

Einsteinium, Es

Bromine, ____

Helium, He

Lead(Plumbum), Pb

Niobium, _____

Iron (Ferrum), Fe

Mendelevium, _____

CompoundA substance that contains _________

_____________________________.

Compounds have different properties from the individual substances.

(Ex: ______)

Example: H2O

The law of definite proportions states that a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportions.

Percent composition

Substance or mixture?

If composition is fixed and may not changesubstance

Mixture: a physical blend of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.

Homogeneous:_____________________________________

_________________________Heterogeneous ___________

_________________________

_________________________

MixturesA _________ blend of two or

more substances.

Mixtures

Homogeneous

Heterogeneous

Example: Stainless Steel

A homogeneous mixture of:

-Iron (Fe)

-Chromium (Cr)

-Nickel (Ni)

Heterogeneous Mixtures

______________________

___________________________________________

Example:

Oil and vinegar

Example: Gaseous MixtureElements argon and nitrogen and

a compound (water vapor). Choice ?

Note:

Mixtures can be physically separated.

Mixtures exhibit physical properties similar to the components of the mixture.

Separation Methods

Use differences in the physical properties of the components of the mixture.

Example: Separate iron filings from sulfur using a _________.

Filtration: separates a _____ from a ________ in a heterogeneous mixture

Distillation: -separate dissolved _____ from a _____ -uses _________ and ______________.

Distillation of Crude Oil (Refining)

Crude Oil is a ____________________

Distillation of Crude Oil