matter and change
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Matter and Change. Chapter 2. B. Physical Properties. 1. can be observed without changing the chemical composition 2. Examples Color Melting point Density Hardness Malleability. C. Chemical Properties. 1. determined by how a chemical reacts (or doesn’t) with another chemical - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Matter and Change
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B. Physical Properties
1. can be observed without changing the chemical composition
2. Examples Color Melting point Density Hardness Malleability
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C. Chemical Properties
1. determined by how a chemical reacts (or doesn’t) with another chemical
2. Examples – Rusts Reacts with HCl Reacts with water
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Physical or Chemical Property?
7) Water boils at 100°C.8) Zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid.9) Sodium chloride dissolves in water.10) Aluminum is shiny silver in color.11) Copper is ductile.12) Calcium reacts with water.13) The density of aluminum is 2.7 g / mL.
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D. States of Matter
Solids
a) definite mass?b) definite volume?c) definite shape?d) compressible?e) able to flow?
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D. States of Matter
Liquids
a) definite mass?b) definite volume?c) definite shape?d) can be
compressed?e) flows?
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D. States of Matter
Gases
a) definite mass?b) definite volume?c) definite shape?d) can be
compressed?e) flows?
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D. States of Matter 1) summary chart
Property Solid Liquid Gas
Mass Fixed Fixed Fixed
Volume Fixed Fixed Volume of container
Flows? No Yes Yes
Shape Fixed Shape of container
Shape of container
Compressible? No No yes
Expands? No No yes
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D. States of Matter
2) Vapors
a) = substances in the gaseous state which are usually in the liquid or solid state at room temperature
b) ex. – gasoline fumes, moth ball odors, steam, “fog” from dry ice
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E. Classification of Matter
1. Substances
= definite or fixed composition can write a chemical
formula for it pure
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E. Classification of Matter
1. Substances
a) Elements Listed on periodic
table Mg, Ne, Cl, C, etc.
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E. Classification of Matter
1. Substances
b) Compounds Contain two or more
elements in fixed ratio Ex. – NaCl, CO, H2O
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E. Classification of Matter
2. Mixtures
= composition is NOT fixed or definite; it varies Cannot write a formula
for it
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E. Classification of Matter
2. Mixtures
a) homogeneous mixtures*uniform (same throughout)*one phase*also called solutions
(but can be s, l or g)*ex. – saline solution, tap water, brass, hot tea, air
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E. Classification of Matter
2. Mixtures
b) heterogeneous mixtures
*not uniform *two or more phases *ex. – soil, fresh-
squeezed orange juice, sand and water
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F. How to separate parts of a mixture?
1. Magnetism
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F. How to separate parts of a mixture?
2. Filtration
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F. How to separate parts of a mixture?
3. Density
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F. How to separate parts of a mixture?
4. Distillation (different boiling
points)
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F. How to separate parts of a mixture?
5. Chromatography (ex. – paper + ink)
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G. Changes
1. Physical Changes
a) chemical composition of material does NOT change
b) may be reversible
c) examples Tearing paper Boiling water Crushing salt Crumpling foil
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G. Changes
2. Chemical changes
a) change in chemical composition
b) examples Iron rusting Zinc + hydrochloric
acid Digestion of food Burning wood Lithium + water
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H. Clues for a chemical change (reaction)
1. formation of bubbles (gas)
Ex. – metal + acid
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H. Clues for a chemical change (reaction)
2. formation of precipitate (insoluble powder)
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H. Clues for a chemical change (reaction)
3. release or absorption of energy (heat or light)
Ex. – burning of wood
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H. Clues for a chemical change (reaction)
4. change in color
Ex. – meat changes color when cooked
Ex. – changing in color of leaves in fall
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H. Clues for a chemical change (reaction)
5. change in pH (acidity level)
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I. Sometimes the “clues” indicate a physical change!
1. color change could be dilution (ex. – add water to Kool-Aid)
2. bubbles could be boiling liquid
3. heat absorbed during a change in state (ex. - melting ice)
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J. Law of conservation of mass
1. Mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction or physical change