matt wiper john zoryrchta may 25 th, 2010.. stoichiometry is the “calculation of quantitative...
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STOCIHIOMETRY
Matt WiperJohn Zoryrchta May 25th, 2010.
STOICHIOMETRY
Stoichiometry is the “calculation of quantitative (measurable) relationships of the reactants and products in a balanced chemical reaction. It can be used to calculate quantities such as the amount of products that can be produced with given reactants and percent yield (the percentage of the given reactant that is made into the product).” Stoichiometry. Wikipedia. Online. May 24th 2010.
MOLE
A mole (mol) is a base unit in the SI system. It measures the amount of a substance. In chemistry, a mole can be used to find the number of atoms or molecules in an element or a compound respectively. One mole is equal to 6.02 x 1023 atoms or molecules. One mole of a substance is equal to its atomic mass. Example: 14 grams of nitrogen is equal to 1 mole of nitrogen, 28 grams of nitrogen would be equal to 2 moles of nitrogen. Moles are used to measure the physical quantity of a substance.
Grams Atoms/Molecules
Moles
Litres
NTP & STP
NTP & STP are part of the gas laws in stoichiometry. NTP stands for Normal Temperature Pressure. It says that one mole of a gas will have 24.4 L of gas with a temperature of 293.15 K and a pressure of 101.325 kPa (Kilopascals). STP stands for Standard Temperature Pressure. STP says that a gas will have a mass of 22.4 L if the temperature is 273.15 K and the pressure is 100 kPa.
SATP
SATP stands for Standard Ambient Temperature Pressure. SATP states that a gas will have a mass of 24.8 L if the temperature is 298.15 K and a pressure of 101 kPa.
Pv=nrt
Pv=nrt is a formula in gas law to figure out either the Pressure, Volume, Number of moles or temperature of a gas.
P=Pressure in kPa. v=Volume in litres N=Constant. 8.34 R= Number of moles T= Temperature in Kelvin. This formula can be rearranged in anyway in
order to determine any of the previously mentioned things. This formula only works with gasses.
EXCESSIVE/LIMITED REACTANT
The limited reactant is the reactant in a equation that is used completely. It is found by taking all your reactants, assuming you know how much of each reactant you have, and dividing that by the number of grams in the equation. After you do that , the element/compound with the lowest ratio is the limited reactant and the other one/s are the excessive reactants because they are not completely used up, unlike the limited reactant.