math!word!wall:! 4.1 - the curriculum place · ipad!apps:...

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Introductory Ac,vity Process (Review) Checking for basic concepts of frac2ons and Language Resource: Divide an A4 sheet of paper into two equal parts along the longest length. Cut to separate into two strips. Ask students to fold the paper into four parts. Ask students to use the second strip and show a different fold that has four equal parts? Ask can you fold this strip to show me how much of the paper I would get if I got a quarter of it? Two Quarters? Three quarters of it? Glue examples into learning journal and demonstrate fracGonal notaGon Revise how fracGons are wriHen. ExplanaGon of the terms Denominator and Numerator to represent the fracGon. Ask students why these demonstraGon fracGons are called ‘proper’ InteracGve website that assist students with placing fracGons On a pizza hHp://www.mathsisfun.com/numbers/fracGonsmatch wordspizza.html On a number line. hHp ://www.mathsisfun.com/numbers/fracGonsmatchfrac line.html IdenGfying fracGons on a number line. hHp ://www.ixl.com/math/grade3/fracGonsonnumber lines Australian Curriculum Year 4 ACMNA077 InvesGgate equivalent fracGons used in contexts. Key Idea Understanding that two fracGons are equivalent when they represent the same amount of the whole, and that there are several ways to represent the same quanGty. Terms and Defini,ons Denominator –the boHom of a fracGon that represents the number of equal parts in to which the whole has been divided. Numerator – the top number of a fracGon that represents the number of equal fracGon parts. Vinculum – the line. Proper Frac,on – when the numerator is smaller than the denominator. Equivalent Frac,ons have the same value, even though they may look different. Equivalent Frac,ons represent the same number or quanGty. (even though they may look different). Resources Paper Strips, Coloured pencils /crayons FracGon Rods, FracGon fans FISH Kit Diagnos,c Assessment Have students sit in groups. Give each group several ‘sandwiches’ of the same size drawn on sheets of paper: Ask students to take a half a sandwich each. Note if students: Accept two of the quarters as half a sandwich. Think that their piece is a half. Think that each of the halves has exactly the same amount of bread. Some students have a strong connecGon between half and two and believe that you can only have halves if the whole is divided into exactly two pieces. Students may not see that the rectangle is the same as the triangle which is the same as two quarters …. Guiding QuesGons What concepts does the student need to be retaught? What concepts does the student need to pracGce? What concepts is the student ready to be introduced to? Ac,vity ProcessEquivalent Frac,ons Resources: Coloured pencils, Three strips of paper. Ask students to imagine that they are a chocolate bar. Instruct the children to fold one strip in half (Model) and colour one half. Then have students fold the second strip into quarters and the third strip into eighths. (Stress the importance of accuracy). Ques2ons to explore equivalence: 1. What part of the first strip did you colour? 2. What part of the 2 nd and 3 rd strip could you colour to show the same fracGon? 4.1.4 Math Word Wall: frac2ons, part, whole, group, half/halves, thirds, sixth/ sixths, quarter/quarters, eighth/eighths, tenth twelAh, numerator, denominators, comparing ( word bank of comparison language), grid/ model, dividing , redividing, sharing, cuFng up , propor2ons., accurate 1 DRAFTThis is a work in progress. MAG wriGng project 20122013

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Page 1: Math!Word!Wall:! 4.1 - The Curriculum Place · iPad!Apps: Equivalent’Frac6ons’(Everyday)Mathemacs)– McGrawQHill))))) Frac6on’Monkeys’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’) Frac6ons’by’Brai

                 Introductory  Ac,vity  Process  (Review)  Checking  for  basic  concepts  of  frac2ons  and  Language  Resource:  Divide  an  A4  sheet  of  paper  into  two  equal  parts  along  the  longest  length.  Cut  to  separate  into  two  strips.            •  Ask  students  to  fold  the  paper  into  four  parts.      •  Ask  students  to  use  the  second  strip  and  show  a  different  

fold  that  has  four  equal  parts?  Ask  can  you  fold  this  strip  to  show  me  how  much  of  the  paper  I  would  get  if  I  got  a  quarter  of  it?      

•  Two  Quarters?  •  Three  quarters  of  it?  •  Glue  examples  into  learning  journal  and  demonstrate  

fracGonal  notaGon    Revise  how  fracGons  are  wriHen.  ExplanaGon  of  the  terms  Denominator  and  Numerator  to  represent  the  fracGon.  Ask  students  why  these  demonstraGon  fracGons  are  called  ‘proper’    InteracGve  website  that  assist  students  with  placing  fracGons    On  a  pizza  hHp://www.mathsisfun.com/numbers/fracGons-­‐match-­‐words-­‐pizza.html  On  a  number  line.hHp://www.mathsisfun.com/numbers/fracGons-­‐match-­‐frac-­‐line.html  

IdenGfying  fracGons  on    a  number  line.hHp://www.ixl.com/math/grade-­‐3/fracGons-­‐on-­‐number-­‐

lines  

 

 

Australian  Curriculum  Year  4  ACMNA077  InvesGgate  equivalent  fracGons  used  in  contexts.    Key  Idea  Understanding  that  two  fracGons  are  equivalent  when  they  represent  the  same  amount  of  the  whole,  and  that  there  are  several  ways  to  represent  the  same  quanGty.        Terms  and  Defini,ons    •  Denominator  –    the  boHom  of  a  fracGon  that  

represents  the  number  of  equal  parts  in  to  which  the  whole  has  been  divided.  

•  Numerator  –    the  top  number  of  a  fracGon  that  represents  the  number  of  equal  fracGon  parts.  

•  Vinculum  –  the  line.  •  Proper  Frac,on  –    when    the  numerator  is  

smaller  than  the  denominator.      •  Equivalent  Frac,ons  have  the  same  value,  even  

though  they  may  look  different.    •  Equivalent  Frac,ons  represent  the  same  number  

or  quanGty.    (even  though  they  may  look  different).  

Resources    •  Paper  Strips,  Coloured  pencils  /crayons  •  FracGon  Rods,  FracGon  fans  •  FISH  Kit  

         

               Diagnos,c  Assessment  Have  students  sit  in  groups.    Give  each  group  several  ‘sandwiches’  of  the  same  size  drawn  on    sheets  of  paper:    Ask  students  to  take  a  half    a  sandwich  each.        Note  if  students:  -­‐ Accept  two  of  the  quarters  as  half  a  sandwich.  -­‐ Think  that  their  piece  is  a  half.  -­‐ Think  that  each  of  the  halves  has  exactly  the    same  amount  of  bread.  Some  students    have  a  strong  connecGon  between  half  and  two  and  believe  that  you  can  only  have    halves  if  the  whole  is  divided  into  exactly  two  pieces.    Students  may  not  see  that  the  rectangle  is  the  same  as  the  triangle  which  is  the  same  as  two  quarters  ….  Guiding  QuesGons  •  What  concepts  does  the  student  need  to  be  retaught?  •  What  concepts  does  the  student  need  to  pracGce?  •  What  concepts  is  the  student  ready  to  be  introduced  

to?                                  Ac,vity  Process-­‐Equivalent  Frac,ons    Resources:    •  Coloured  pencils,  •  Three  strips  of  paper.    

u  Ask  students  to  imagine  that  they  are  a  chocolate  bar.  Instruct  the  children  to  fold  one  strip  in  half  (Model)  and  colour  one  half.      

u  Then  have  students  fold  the  second  strip  into  quarters  and  the  third  strip  into  eighths.  (Stress  the  importance  of  accuracy).  

 Ques2ons  to  explore  equivalence:  1.  What  part  of  the  first  strip  did  you  colour?  2.  What  part  of  the  2nd  and  3rd  strip  could  you  colour  to  

show  the  same  fracGon?      

4.1.4 Math  Word  Wall:  frac2ons,  part,  whole,  group,  half/halves,  thirds,  sixth/sixths,  quarter/quarters,  eighth/eighths,  tenth      twelAh,  numerator,  denominators,  comparing  (  word  bank  of  comparison  language),  grid/model,  dividing  ,  re-­‐dividing,  sharing,  cuFng  up  ,  propor2ons.,  accurate  

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DRAFT-­‐This  is  a  work  in  progress.  MAG  wriGng  project  2012-­‐2013  

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u  Write  concluding  statement  of  equivalence:  ½    is  the  same  as…..,  ¼  is  the  same  as  ……,  

u  Give  students  the  opportunity  to  discuss  and  jusGfy  their  reasoning  

                 Ac,vity  Process-­‐Frac,on  Family  Walls  With  denominators  2,4,8,16  :    3,  6  ,  12,  24  :  5,  10  and  100    Provide  students  with  opportuniGes  to  explore    the    equivalence  of  fracGons  using  paper  strips  to  build  a  fracGon  wall  .      Provide  each  student  with    5  strips    of  paper  which  are  equal  in  length.  Have    students    label  one  strip  ‘one  whole  ‘  and  then  fold  the  other  strips  into  halves,  quarters,  eighths  and  sixteenths  and  label  each  secGon  on  each  strip  with  the  representaGve  fracGon  symbol.        Have  students  assemble  their  frac,on    wall  from  the  

whole  to  the  smallest  frac,on.            Have  the  students  repeat  the  process  for  other  fracGons  whole,  thirds,  sixths,  ,  twelihs,  twelihs  whole  ,  fiihs,  tenths,  twenGeths.  combinaGon  –  whole,  half,  quarters,  sixths,  eighths                                InteracGve  fracGon  wall  demonstraGng  equivalence.  hHp://56c2011.global2.vic.edu.au/games/fracGon-­‐wall/            

 

 

 

 

Extension  and  Varia,ons  (opportunity  to  work  with  small  groups  who  might  need  further  instrucGon,  pracGce  or  extension)  1.  Number  Lines  are  one  model  of  fracGons  

Provide  students  with  strips  of  equal-­‐length  card  and  have  them  fold  /  mark  it  into  fracGonal  parts.    Ask  students  to  use  a  half,  a  third,  a  quarter  and  three  quarters  as  reference  points  in  order  to  be  able  to  determine  the  size  of  a  fracGon,  and  order  and  compare  the  fracGon  numbers.    Teacher  presents  fracGon  cards  to  students  asking  quesGons  such  as:  “Is  5/8  smaller  or  bigger  than  a  half?      What  do  you  know  about  4/8  that  could  help  you  ?    (4/8  is  a  half).    Encourage  students  to  use  strategies    to  order  sets  of  fracGons  with  unlike  numerators  and  unlike  denominators;  for  example:  2/3:  4/5:  5/6:  9/10.      Link  to  interacGve  fracGon  wall  demonstraGng  equivalence.  hHp://56c2011.global2.vic.edu.au/games/fracGon-­‐wall/    hHp://www.mathsisfun.com/numbers/fracGon-­‐number-­‐line.html    2.  Folding  Fold  the  strips  into  equivalent  fracGons  for  thirds,  fiihs,  sixths,  ninths  and  tenths.  (AlternaGve  equipment:  paper  rectangles,    fracGon  cakes,  paHern  blocks)  Record  results  in  learning  journals.    3.  Rolling  Dice  Label  each  face  of  a  die  with  one  of  these  fracGons  1/4,  2/6,  4/5,  1/6,  2/3,  6/10.      Then  label  each  face  of  the  second  die  with  1/3.  2/12,  3/5,  8/10,  4/6,  2/8.      Students  take  turns  to  roll  the  dice.  Student  records  the  two  fracGons.  To  score  a  point  the  student  has  to  decide  whether  the  fracGons  shown  are  equivalent  or  not    

                 Ac,vity  Process-­‐Frac,ons  of  a  Collec,on    Provide  students  with  a    variety  of  objects.    Have  students  find  different    fracGons  of  a  collecGon  and    idenGfy  which  result  in  the  same  amount  and  which  don’t.    Example  :    Give  a  bag  of  12  marbles,  ask  students  to  find    a  third,  then  two  sixths,  then  a  quarter,  then  four  twelihs.      •  Have  student  idenGfy  the  numerator  (how  many  

marbles    are  in  each  fracGon).      •  Ask  why  some  of  the  different  fracGons  resulted  in  

the  same  number  of  objects.    Ask  students  to    explain  why  this  happened.      

•  Have  students  state  comparison  statements  about  their  collecGons  of  objects  in  terms  of  why  is  one  half  of  the  marbles  more  than  one  third  of  them.  

 

                     Ac,vity  Process-­‐Frac,on    Dominoes    FracGon  Dominoes  allows  for  the  consolidaGon  of  equivalent  fracGon  knowledge.    Students  could  benefit  from  having  a  fracGon  wall  or  fracGon    or  number  line    grid  to  refer  to.                          Encourage  the  students  to  give  reasons  for  their  decisions.    Students  may  need  to  refer  to  a  fracGon  wall.    Source:  First  steps  in  Mathema2cs  -­‐    Number  –  Understand    Frac2onal  Numbers,  2010.  Rigby:  Port  Melbourne.  p.  133  

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iPad  Apps:  Equivalent  Frac6ons  (Everyday  MathemaGcs  –  McGraw-­‐Hill)            Frac6on  Monkeys              Frac6ons  by  Brai                  Screen  Capture    

A  record  of  learning  completed  can  be  kept  through  screen  captures.  Thee  are  2  methods  available  via  the  system  •  briefly  press  both  the  home  and  power  buHon  

at  the  same  Gme  -­‐  the  screen  should  then  appear  to  flash  and  a  picture  of  it  saved  to  the  Camera  Roll  album  

•  Tap  that  transparent  icon  of  the  round  buDon  and  watch  as  it  will  unfold  into  dark  square  with  four  icons  on  it.  The  icon  at  the  right  of  that  square  denoted  as  Device  is  virtual  Device  buHon.  

4.  Dividing.  This  task  uses  an  area  model  of  fracGons.  Students  draw  a  rectangle  6  cm  by  4  cm  and  shade  3/4.    The  students  make  six  copies.    Then  they  subdivide  the  various  copies  “verGcally”  to  produce  a  range  of  equivalent  fracGons,  which  they  name.  Add  to  student  learning  journal.            Digital  Learning-­‐Scootle    Cassowary  Cost    -­‐  TLF-­‐ID  L86  Help  a  park  ranger  to  arrange  fencing  in  a  wildlife  sanctuary.  Divide  common  geometric  shapes  into  equal-­‐sized  secGons  for  keeping  cassowaries.  Group  the  enclosures  to  form  a  quaranGne  zone  for  sick  and  injured  birds.  Then  express  divisions  of  the  enclosures  as  fracGons.    Frac6ons:  Thirds,  Sixths  &  Twelihs  -­‐  TLF-­‐ID  S5127    This  interacGve  resource  is  a  game  in  which  the  student  is  required  to  answer  quesGons  relaGng  to  fracGons,  including  equivalent  fracGons,  and  their  representaGon.            Frac6ons  Equivalent:    TLF-­‐ID  L3651  Manipulate  a  visual  representaGon  of  a  fracGon  to  find  and  name  an  equivalent  fracGon.  This  object  is  one  in  a  series  of  seven  objects.    

             Frac6on  Fiddle:    Comparing  Unit  FracGons.  TLF-­‐ID    L2802      This  is  also  an  iPad  app  Two  kiwis  each  gobble  up  part  of  a  worm.  IdenGfy  which    bird  ate  the  most.  For  example,  decide  whether  one-­‐third  (1/3)  is  larger  than  one-­‐quarter  (1/4).  Build  the  fracGon  that  each  bird  ate.  Compare  the  fracGons  on  a  number  line.  Check  which  fracGon  is  bigger.  This  learning  object  is  one  in  a  series  of  seven  objects.                Park  Frac6ons:  TLF-­‐ID  L126  Help  a  town  planner  to  design  two  site  plans  for  a  park.  Assign  regions  on  a  grid  for  different  uses  such  as  picnic  tables,  swings,  sandpits  or  ponds.  Use  this  tool  to  explore  how  to  express  fracGons  and  display  them  in  different  ways.  Select  boxes  within  the  grid  and  view  or  enter  corresponding  fracGons  and  their  equivalents.      

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Background    

FracGons  arise  naturally  in  everyday  situaGons  involving  sharing,  cusng  up  and  proporGons.  For  example,  the  cup  was  one-­‐third  full,  three  quarters  of  the  class  walk  to  school.      

FracGons  between  0  and  1  describe  parts  of  a  whole.    

There  are  two  main  ways  to  represent  fracGons.  •  As  markers  on  a  number  line.  •  Shading  parts  of  a  square,  called  an  area  diagram.  

Research  has  shown  that  visual  learning  theory  is  especially  appropriate  to  the  aHainment  of  mathemaGcs  skills  for  a  wide  range  of  learners.  Understanding  abstract  math  concepts  is  reliant  on  the  ability  to  “see”  how  they  work,  and  children  naturally  use  visual  models  to  solve  mathemaGcal  problems.  They  are  oien  able  to  visualize  a  problem  as  a  set  of  images.  By  creaGng  models,  they  interact  with  mathemaGcal  concepts,  process  informaGon,  observe  changes,  reflect  on  their  experiences,  modify  their  thinking,  and  draw  conclusions.    (Rowan  &  Bourne,  1994)  Source:Times  FracGon  Module    hHp://www.amsi.org.au/teacher_modules/fracGons.html    

•  Tap  that  virtual  Device  buDon  and  find  the                dark  square  with  six  icons  on  it.  One  of  them                      pictured  by  three  bright  dots  is  virtual  More  buHon.  •  Tap  that  virtual  More  buDon  and  find  the  dark  

square  with  four  icons  on  it.  As  its  name  implies  the  icon  denoted  as  Screenshot  is  for  virtual  buHon  to  print  screen  

•  Tap  that  virtual  Screenshot  buDon  to  print  screen  of  your  iconic  tablet  

 

       Contexts  for  Learning  

The  acGviGes  on  the  Thinking  Blocks  site  provide  both  guided  instrucGon  and  independent  pracGce.  

hNp://thinkingblocks.com/tb_frac2ons/frac2ons.html  

 

         Real  Life  Experience:    Problem:      An  area  of  the  school  oval  measuring    20m  x  10m  is  going  to  be  redeveloped.  You  need  to  draw  up  a  plan  that  shows  the  following:    “One  quarter  of  the  area  is  for  an  adventure  playground;  two  eighths  is  for  a  grassed  sea2ng  area,  and  four  sixteenths  will  be  developed  into  a  sand  play  area    and  the  remaining  area  is  for  a  water  play  adventure  area.      

Digital  Assessment:  TLF-­‐ID  L9771    For  students  with  a  consolidated  understanding  of  equivalent  fracGons.  Comparing  Frac6ons:  strategies:  Assessment  :  Test  your  understanding  of  fracGons.  Decide  which  one  of  a  pair  of  fracGons  is  larger,  or  if  they  are  the  same.  Choose  which  strategy  you  used  to  compare  the  two  fracGons.                      Link  to  other  MAGs  Year  2  MAG_2.3.6  FracGon  CollecGons  Year  3  MAG_3.3.6  FracGons  (2)  

Draw  a  plan  (model)  to  match  these  measurements.    Your  scale  is  :  1cm  –  1m.    Ensure  each  secGon  is  Gtled  and  contains  details  of  its  area  in  cm²  and  perimeters  are  also  marked  in  cm.        Inves,ga,on:-­‐Pose  these  situaGons  to  students:      SituaGon  1    Andrew  said,  “Three  quarters  equals  six  eighths!”    Angela  said,  ‘Not  always,  it  depends!’      Ask  students  to:    a)  explore  the  equivalence  and  explain  how  both  students  can  be  right.  b)  find    a  way  to  represent  an  equal  and  unequal  representaGon  using  materials  of  their  choice.  (Underling  idea  is  that  for  three  quarters  to  be  equivalent  to  six  eighths,  the  wholes  must  be  the  same.)      SituaGon  2    Jake  said,  “Two  fourteenths  is  double  one  seventh,”    Josie    said,  “No,  it  isn’t.  They  are  the  same  size.”    Who  do  you  think  is  right?      Draw  a  diagram  to  jusGfy  your  answer,  then  share  the  results  with  your    group.  Source:  First  steps  in  Mathema2cs  -­‐    Number  –  Understand    Frac2onal  Numbers,  2010.  Rigby:  Port  Melbourne.  p.  129  &    133.  

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