Math HSPA

Real Number termsRational number: is any number that can be

expressed as the quotient or fraction a/b of two integers, with the denominator b not equal to zero.

(ratio is in the word rational)

Irrational number: a number that is not rational; a number that continues forever without repeating.

Terminating decimal: a decimal that has a finite number of places; a decimal that ends.

Repeating decimal: a decimal in which a pattern of one or more digits is repeated indefinitely, for example, 0.353535 ...

Real Number termsNon-terminating decimal: a decimal that

does not end.

Prime number: a number that has only two factors, one and itself. 2 is the only even prime number.

Composite number: a number that is not prime; a number that has more than 2 factors.

Algebra terms or algebraic termsVariable: a letter that is used to represent one

or more numbers

Term: either a single number or variable, or the product of several numbers or variables separated from another term by a + or - sign in an overall expression.

Expression: one or more algebraic terms in a phrase. It can include variables, constants, and operating symbols, such as plus and minus signs. It's only a phrase, not the whole sentence, so it doesn't include an equal sign.

Algebra termsEquation: a statement that two expressions

are equal.

Constants: terms in the algebraic expression that contain only numbers.

Inequality: a statement in which two values or expressions are not equal using <, ≤ , >, ≥ .

Number formatsDecimal: a number with a decimal point

Percent: a ratio of a number to 100Fraction: a number that names parts of a

whole or part of a set of objects

Ratio: a comparison of two numbers

Percent related termsProportion: an equation stating that two

ratios are equal

Discount: amount deducted or subtracted from a cost or price

Sale Price: price of a good or service that is being offered at a discount

Sales tax: a tax collected by all retailers and certain service providers when they make taxable retail sales. Sales tax is added to the price of an item.

Percent related termsStraight commission: a salesperson

compensation or payment method in which only a percentage of the sales volume, but no fixed salary, is paid.

Principal: the initial amount

Simple interest: is calculated only on the principal amount, or on that portion of the principal amount that remains unpaid.

I = P x r x t, P is principal, r is rate, t is time.

Percent related termsPercent Change: the change between

two numbers expressed as a percent

Percent Change1. The price of a shirt increased from $20

to $28. Find the percent increase.

2. The cost of a gallon of ice cream increased from $4.29 to $4.89. Find the percent increase.

3. During a sale, the price of athletic shoes was reduced to $35.60 from $49.00. What was the percent decrease in price?

Calculate total priceYou bought an Xbox originally priced

at $299 on sale at 15% off. What did you pay including 7% sales tax?

Geometric TermsPerimeter: Area: the region enclosed by a two

dimensional figure. Area is measured in square units

Volume: the measure of the interior of a solid figure. Volume is measured in cubic units.

Complementary: two angles whose sum is 90º

Supplementary: two angles whose sum is 180º

Sum: the result of addition

Product: the result of multiplication

Probability termsSample space: the set of all possible

outcomes in a probability experiment

GCF: greatest common factor: the largest common factor shared by two or more numbers.

LCM: least common multiple: the smallest multiple shared by two or more numbers

Statistical TermsMean: is the average of a data set. It is

calculated by adding up the data values and dividing by the number of data values.

Mode: The number or numbers that occur most frequently.

Range: is the difference between the greatest and least data values.

Statistical TermsMeasure of Central Tendency: A number

used to represent the center or middle of a set of data values. Mean, median and mode are three measures of central tendency.

Median: the middle number when the numbers are written in numerical order. If the number of data values is even, the median is the mean of the two middle numbers.

Scatter Plots termsScatter plot: A graph that uses data points

to show if a relationship exists between two sets of data.

Outlier: A value that is much greater than or much smaller than most of the other values in a data set.

Line of best fit: A straight line on a scatter plot that is near most of the points and indicates the general trend between two sets of data.

Scatter Plots terms (continued)Positive correlation: when y tends to

increase as x increasesNegative correlation: when y tends to

decrease as x increasesNo correlation: no relationship between y

and x

Algebra II TermsVertex of a function: is a point where the

function reaches the maximum or minimum.

Family of functions is made up of function with certain common characteristics.

Parent function: is the simplest function with these characteristics. The equations and graphs of the functions in a family resemble each other. Offspring of parent functions include translations, stretches, and shrinks.

Algebra II Terms (continued)Translation: shifts a graph horizontally,

vertically, or both. It results in a graph of the same shape and size but possibly in a different position.

Algebra II Terms (continued)ConsistentInconsistentConsistent dependentConsistent independent