Materials for Energy and Environment Ionic Liquids

energy and environment

Materials for Energy and Environment

What are Ionic Liquids?

Capabilities & Facilities

Contact

Achievements

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Dry (Plasma) & Wet technologies Improved (nano)coating , multilayers, surface functionalization, dry lubricants, …

Corrosion-related failure analysis & Monitoring. Advanced materials & processing for thermal, radiation, corrosion, wear protection,..

Gas separation (i.e. H2, Air, CO2,..) & Energy conversion membranes (i.e. batteries, fuel cells, electrolysers,..)

Elecrolytes for electrochemical devices (i.e. advanced batteries and supercapacitors) Surface treatments & Coatings

Loss of functional properties & Environmental implications of nanomaterials Nano-enabled materials/products

Electrocatalyst, nanocatalysts

Advanced surface technology

Materials for extreme environments

Membranes Technology

Ionic Liquids Materials for Energy Storage

Nano-materials for energy & environment

Water Photocatalysis Filtration Water purification

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WHAT ARE IONIC LIQUIDS AND DEEP EUTETIC SOLVENTS?

IONIC LIQUIDs (ILs) ILs is the generic term for a class of

materials, consisting entirely of ions and being liquid below 100°C

If they are liquid at room temperature, we call them room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs)

DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENT (DES) DESs are made by mixing a hydrogen

bond acceptor (HBA) (e.g., natural organic salt, amino acid) and hydrogen bond donor (HBD) (e.g., alcohol, sugar or carboxylic acid)

Both may have high melting points (mp), to form an eutectic mixture with lower mp

Solid 1 (HBA) Solid 2 (HBD)

Liquid

WHAT ARE IONIC LIQUIDS?

ILs have tunable structures – their properties can be altered by adding different functional groups

Task Specific ILs Protic ILs Pharmaceutical ILs Chiral ILs Metal based ILs Poly-ILs

Ionic Liquid

Properties & Categories of ILs

Properties of ILs

Negligible vapor pressure Good lubrication properties High thermal, chemical and mechanical

stability Non-corrosive Low eco- and human toxicity Tunable viscosity Broad liquid range Broad electrochemical potential window

Properties of ILs

WHAT ARE IONIC LIQUIDS?

IONIC LIQUIDS can replace traditional industrial processes such as electrodeposition, pyro and hydrometallurgy for new eco-friendly, no volatile organic solvents containing, no energy-intensive, and cost effective processes.

Applications

CAPABILITIES & FACILITIES

Designing, synthesizing & physico-chemical characterizing of two different liquids: ILs and Deep Eutectic Solvents Schlenk line, Rotavapor, TGA, NMR, IR, Mass

spectroscopy, DSC, Karl Fisher, Viscosity, UV-Vis, AAS, ICP-AES

Characterization of IL properties and performance for electrochemical applications Potentiostats, RDE Semi-technical scale electrochemistry: Current

rectifiers, anodes, stirred cubets, etc Automatic pilot-plant for surface treatments Metal and surface characterization: SEM/EDS,

optical microscopy, RAMAN, etc.

Reactor (10L -20L) for synthesis of ionic liquids

Reactor (100L) for extraction of metals from wastes using ionic liquids

Pilot (15 tanks of 20L) for electrodeposition of metals

CAPABILITIES & FACILITIES

ACHIEVEMENTS Electrodeposition of Zn, Cr and Zn alloys in DES

Development of ILs based surface finishing processes: Cr, Al, Zn and Zn alloy electroplating, electropolishing.

Morphological and functional characterization of coatings: Environmental impact and safety studies: Eco-toxicological studies, recycling and control,

risk analysis, health & safety in the workplace, LCA Scaling up to pilot plant scale of most promising processes

Metal and alloy plating from ILs onto real parts

Pilot plant for Zn-Sn plating from ILs

On the framework of the IONMET European (FP6 2005- 2009) project: “New Ionic Liquid (IL) Technology to Transform Metal Finishing”

Ionic liquids as electrolytes for flow batteries

Screening of IL based anolytes and catholites by half cell electrochemical testing Studies for optimization of IL based electrolytes (additives, diluents) Cell design material selection, compatibility tests, etc.

On the framework of the LIQUION (CENIT Spanish National Programme 2010-2013) project: “Investigation of ionic liquids technologies for

industrial applications : Flow batteries “

Screening of IL based electrolytes

Double cell testing

Selection of battery components

ACHIEVEMENTS

Aluminium electrodeposition from ILs for aeronautical applicacions

Development and characterization of new ionic liquid based electrolytes Speciation analysis Bath life studies

Characterization of electrochemical properties and process performance Speciation studies by NMR

ACHIEVEMENTS

(a) [EMIM][Cl]/AlCl3 (fresco)

(b) [EMIM][Cl]/AlCl3 (usado Set6)

New approach based on hydrometallurgical processes instead of the current pyrometallurgical recycling for the recovery of high purity valuable materials from batteries.

Instead of the current pyrometallurgical recycling hydrometallurgical processes permit recover high purity Nickel, and Lanthanides from Nickel metal hydride batteries; and Cobalt and Lithium from Lithium ion batteries.

These new processes will be applicable at small scale and more widely than existing processes. Hydrometallurgical processes involves novel physical and chemical recovery processes including the use of ionic liquids and ultrasonics. The hydrometallurgical processes will use Task Specific Ionic Liquids (TSILs) and Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) for selective extraction and separation.

ACHIEVEMENTS High Purity Cobalt and Lanthanide Recovery from batteries

NiMH Battery (Ni & Ln) Li-ion Battery (Co & Li)

On the framework of the CoLaBATS (“Cobalt and Lanthanide recovery from BATTERIES”) European project funded by the European Comission under the 7th Framework

ACHIEVEMENTS Recycling of Neodymium and Dysprosium from permanent magnets

Development, validation and demonstration of an innovative Rare Earth Element (REE) mixtures extraction and a novel direct Rare Earth Alloys (REA) production route for in-process and End-of-Life Permanent Magnets (PM) waste and Secondary Batteries (SB) waste, bringing within reach the recovery of 90% of in-process wastes from PM manufacturing.

On the Framework of the H2020 European Project “Integrated high temperature electrolysis (HTE) and Ion Liquid Extraction (ILE) for a strong and independent European

Rare Earth Elements Supply Chain”( REE4EU)

The project leverages on recent research results (SINTEF and TECNALIA) on novel ionic liquid extraction and high temperature electrolysis which have proven on lab scale to enable effective up-concentration of REE containing waste streams as well as direct Rare Earth Alloys (REA) production from waste based Rare Earth Oxide (REO) mixtures.

ACHIEVEMENTS Ionic liquid technology for energy and cost effective recover of PGMs

Ionic liquid technology (Iono-metallurgy) for energy and cost effective process to recover PGMs

For more information please contact

Dr. Amal Siriwardana

amal.siriwardana@tecnalia.com

Thank you for your attention!