material science by g. nardoni & n. fallahi
TRANSCRIPT
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Materials science
Dr. Guiseppe Nardoni
Eng. Nasim Fallahi1
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Contents
• Materials science
• Raw Materials
• Classes of materials
• Materials information Metals and Alloys
• Polymers symbol
• Mechanical Properties of Metals
• Compare between ductile and brittle steel
• Ductility and malleability
• Hardness
• Class level
• Metals and alloys
• Iron ore beneficiation & crushing processing plant
• Metal Processing
• Steel Production
• The Arrangement of Atoms in Crystalline Solids
• Iron/Carbon Alloy phase
• Microstructure of iron-carbon
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Materials science
Material Science is an interdisciplinary subject, spanning the physics and chemistry of matter, engineering applications and industrial manufacturing processes. (University of Oxford 2015)
What Properties we are searching in a material ?
1. Strength , Hardness , flexibility.
2.Thermal ,magnetic and electrical Properties.
3. Stability.
4. Catalyst (Acidic or basic)
5. Reusability and eco friendly .
6. Low Cost.
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Raw MaterialsRaw materials are materials or substances used in the primary production or manufacturing of goods. Raw materials are often referred to as commodities, which are bought and sold on commodities exchanges around the world. Raw materials are sold in what is called the factor market, because raw materials are factors of productionalong with labor and capital.
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rawmaterials.asp4
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CLASSES OF MATERIALS
University of Cambridge (DoITPoMS) 5
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Table below gives a rough guideline to the kinds of properties you would expect from each class, and a few examples
class Common Properties Examples
Metal Hard, ductile and conduct heat and electricity
Copper (wires), stainless steel (cutlery)
Polymer Widely variable, often soft and flexible
Polystyrene (cups), polycarbonate (CDs), polyethylene (plastic bag)
Ceramic Hard, brittle, resistant to corrosion,electrically non-conductive
Concrete (buildings), PZT (piezoelectric used in lighters and ultrasonic transducers),porcelain (vases, teacups)
University of Cambridge (DoITPoMS) 6
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Metal Properties
Tough material
Magnetic properties
Easily recyclable material
Ductile, Malleable material
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FerrousNon-
Ferrous
Metals
http://anzmetals.co.za/products/ferrous-metals/ 8
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Materials informationMetals and Alloys
Ferrous metals Properties
Mild Steel Carbon content of 0.1 to 0.3% and Iron content of 99.7 – 99.9%. Used for engineering purposes and in general, none specialised metal products.
Carbon steel Carbon content of 0.6 to 1.4% and Iron content of 98.6 to 99.4 %. Used to make cutting tools such as drill bits.
Stainless steel Made up of Iron, nickel and chromium. Resists staining and corrosion and is therefore used for the likes of cutlery and surgical instrumentation. See our infographic celebrating 100 years of stainless steel usage in buildings or the different types of stainless steel.
Cast Iron carbon 2 – 6% and Iron at 94 to 98%. Very strong but brittle. Used to manufacture items such as engine blocks and manhole covers.
Wrought Iron Composed of almost 100% iron. Used to make items such as ornamental gates and fencing. Has fallen out of use somewhat.
http://www.castlemetalseurope.com/blog/ferrous-nonferrous-metals-uses/
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Non-Ferrous Properties
Aluminum An alloy of aluminum, copper and manganese. Very lightweight and easily worked. Used in aircraft manufacture, window frames and some kitchen ware.
Copper Copper is a natural occurring substance. The fact that it conducts heat and electricity means that it is used for wiring, tubing and pipe work.
Brass A combination of copper and zinc, usually in the proportions of 65% to 35% respectively. Is used for ornamental purposes and within electrical fittings.
Silver Mainly a natural substance, but mixing with copper creates sterling silver. Used for decorative impact in jewelry and ornaments, and also to solder different metals together.
Lead Lead is a naturally occurring substance. It is heavy and very soft and is often used in roofing, in batteries and to make pipes.
Materials informationMetals and Alloys
http://www.castlemetalseurope.com/blog/ferrous-nonferrous-metals-uses/ 10
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Polymers symbol
http://www.quantumbooks.com/technology/can-you-recognise-the-markings-on-your-plastic-water-bottle/ 11
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Mechanical Properties of Metals
Chemical Physical
Mechanical Dimensional
Material properties
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Mechanical Properties of Metals
http://www.mechanicalbooster.com/2016/08/mechanical-properties-of-materials.html 13
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Mechanical Properties of Materials in Tabular Form
No. Mechanical Property Definition of the Mechanical Property1. Strength Capacity of material to withstand load without
destruction.
2. Elasticity The ability of the material to return to its original condition after deformation on removal of external load.
3. Stiffness Resistance to elastic deformation or deflection
4. Flexibility The ability of the material to be bend.
5. Plasticity The ability of a material to undergo some degree of permanent deformation without rupture or failure.
6. Ductility The ability of the material to be drawn into thin wires.
7. Malleability The ability of the material to be hammered into thin sheets.
8. Toughness The ability of a material to withstand both the elastic and plastic deformation.
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Mechanical Properties of Materials in Tabular Form
No. Mechanical Property Definition of the Mechanical Property
9. Resilience The capacity or ability of a material to absorb energy elastically.
10. Hardness The ability of a material to resist to scratching, cutting, abrasion, indentation or penetration.
11. Brittleness The property of breaking of materials without much permanent distortion.
12. Machinability It is the ability of the material to be cut easily
13. Creep The slow and progressive deformation of a material with the passage of time when it is subjected to constant stress.
14. Fatigue The phenomena of weakening of material when it is subjected to repeated or fluctuating stress
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Elasticity and flexibility
http://www.mechanicalbooster.com/2016/09/what-is-elasticity-elastic-limit-youngs-modulus-modulus-of-rigidity.html
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Stress- strain diagram for different materials
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Compare between ductile and brittle steel
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Ductility and malleability
http://www.valvemagazine.com/magazine/sections/actuators-controls/4367-pneumatic-valve-actuators-in-sub-arctic-climates.html
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Hardness
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Class levelStrength - Toughness
http://www-materials.eng.cam.ac.uk/mpsite/interactive_charts/strength-toughness/basic.html 21
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Metals and alloys
http://www-materials.eng.cam.ac.uk/mpsite/interactive_charts/strength-toughness/basic.html 22
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Metals and alloys
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Iron ore beneficiation & crushing processing plant
http://www.mineselect.com/news/beneficiation-plant-process-equipments-iron-ore.html 24
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Metal Processing
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Metal Processing
http://www.minxing.us/category/project/page/3/ 26
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Steel Production
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The Arrangement of Atoms in Crystalline Solids
http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/principles-of-general-chemistry-v1.0/s16-02-the-arrangement-of-atoms-in-cr.html
For the three kinds of cubic unit cells, simple cubic (a), body-centered cubic (b), and face-centered cubic (c), there are three representations for each: a ball-and-stick model, aspace-filling cutaway model that shows the portion of each atom that lies within the unitcell, and an aggregate of several unit cells.
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Iron/Carbon Alloy phase
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Microstructure of iron-carbon
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Microstructure of iron-carbon
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Microstructure of iron-carbon
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Thank you for your attention
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