material safety data sheet shale oil grade … · material safety data sheet shale oil grade kesk...

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET SHALE OIL GRADE KESK Created: 02 march 2009 Updated: 01 December 2010 29 December 2014 1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/ PREPARATION AND OF THE COMPANY/ UNDERTAKING 1.1 Product Identifier: Distillates (shale oil), heavy fraction CAS number: Not assigned EC number: 930-690-7 REACH registration number: 01-2119756217-35-002

1.2 Relevant identified use of the substance or mixture and uses advised against

Identified uses: Heating fuel, marine fuel

Uses advised against: None 1.3 Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Supplier: Eesti Energia Õlitööstus AS Address: Auvere küla, Vaivara vald, Ida-Virumaa, 40101 Estonia Telephone: 372 71 67 296 Fax: 372 71 67 034 E-mail address: [email protected]

1.4 Emergency Telephone Number Emergency Centre: 112 (within Estonia) 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

Classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)

Skin Irrit. 2 (Hazard statement: H315: Causes skin irritation.)

Eye Irrit. 2 (Hazard statement: H319: Causes serious eye irritation.)

Skin Sens. 1 (Hazard statement: H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction.)

Carc. 1B (Hazard statement: H350: May cause cancer

Aquatic Chronic 2 (Hazard statement: H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.)

Classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC

Xi; R36/37/38 Irritant; Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.

R43 May cause sensitisation by skin contact.

Carc. Cat. 2; R45 May cause cancer.

N; R51/53 Dangerous for the environment; Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.

2.2 Label elements

2.2.1 Labelling according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)

Signal word: Danger

Hazard pictograms:

GHS07: exclamation mark

GHS08: health hazard

GHS09: environment

Hazard statements:

H315: Causes skin irritation.

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction.

H319: Causes serious eye irritation.

H350: May cause cancer.

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.

Precautionary statements:

P201: Obtain special instructions before use.

P202: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.

P233: Keep container tightly closed.

P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P262: Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.

P264: Wash thoroughly after handling.

P272: Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.

P273: Avoid release to the environment.

P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P391: Collect spillage.

P302+P352: IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.

P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.

P308+P313: IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.

P321: Specific treatment

P333+P313: If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.

P337+P313: If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.

P362: Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.

P405: Store locked up.

P501: Dispose of contents/container to a licensed waste disposal company.

2.3 Other hazards None known

The substance does not meet the criteria as being either PBT or vPvB in accordance with Annex XIII of Regulation EC 1907/2006 (REACH).

3. COMPOSITION/ INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

3.1 Substance: Composition, %: Distillates (shale oil), heavy fraction – 100.

Synonyms: Shale oils, heavy fraction

CAS number: Not assigned

EC number: 930-690-7

4. FIRST-AID MEASURES

4.1 Description of first aid measures

Exposure by Inhalation: Remove victim to fresh air. If necessary, seek medical attention.

Exposure by Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Keep victim warm and quiet. Seek medical attention.

Exposure by Skin: Wash contaminated skin with soap and water. Seek medical attention if necessary.

Exposure by Eye: Flush the eyes with copious amounts of water. Seek medical attention.

4.2 Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed

May cause an allergic skin reaction.

Causes skin irritation.

Causes serious eye irritation.

May cause cancer.

4.3 Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed The shale oil includes hydrogen sulphide (H2S). After contact with the substance, symptomatic treatment is recommended. Special recommendation in case of contact with hydrogen sulphide: Casualties suffering ill effects as a result of exposure to hydrogen sulphide should be immediately removed to fresh air and medical assistance obtained without delay. Unconscious casualties must be placed in the recovery position. Monitor breathihg and pulse rate and if breathing has failed, or is deemed inadequate, respiration must be assisted, preferably by the mouth to mouth method. Administer external cardiac massage if necessary. Seek medical attention immediately. It is advisable that all who are engaged in operations in which contact with hydrogen sulphide may reasonably be anticipated, should be trained in the techniques of emergency resuscitation and in the care of an unconscious patient. Inhalation of hydrogen sulphide may cause central respiratory depression leading to coma and death. It is an irritant to the respiratory tract causing chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary oedema. The onset of pulmonary oedema may be delayed for 24 to 48 hours. The odour of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas is offensive and similar to rotten eggs. hydrogen sulphide gas deadens the sense of smell, even at low concentrations. DO NOT depend on odour to detect presence of gas.

5. FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES

5.1 Extinguishing media: .

Suitable Extinguishing media: Foam, carbon dioxide and powder extinguishers, sand.

Extinguishing media not to be used: Water.

5.2 Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture:

During the pyrolysis process the following components are produced: short-chained hydrocarbons (alkanes and alkenes) and aromatic hydrocarbons. Vapours of the substance are hazardous.

The shale oil includes hydrogen sulphide (H2S), very toxic and highly flammable gas, which may accumulate in a vaporous form in the product storage area. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is a gas with unpleasant odour, reminding a rotten egg. Even in small concentrations, gas H2S reduces olfaction. Do not use your sense of smell to detect the substance in the air!

5.3 Advice for firefighters

Protective equipment for firefighters: Full protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus should be worn.

Be aware that hydrogen sulphide may accumulate upon prolonged storage of the substance in a confined space.

6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

6.1 Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures

6.1.1 For non-emergency personnel

Evacuate from the immediate area of the spillage. Contact emergency responders.

6.1.2 For emergency responders

Evacuate all non essential personnel from the immediate area. Wear impervious protective clothing and/or gloves, face visor or goggles and approved respiratory equipment.

6.2 Environmental precautions: Protect drains from spillage and prevent entry of product. Do not wash into drain, since this may result in blockage when product cools. If blockage occurs, notify the appropriate authorities immediately. If spillage occurs in a confined space, ensure adequate ventilation and check that a safe, breathable atmosphere is present before entry.

6.3 Methods and material for containment and cleaning up: 6.3.1 Advice on containment of spillage

Contain spillage by bunding to avoid release to drain or water courses.

6.3.2 Advice on clean up of spillage

Recover spilled product from the surface with sand or other suitable inert absorbent material. Spilled product must be destroyed by either combustion or removal to the refuse site in accordance with the appropriate legislation.

6.4 Reference to other sections

See section 8.2 for list of personal protective equipment.

7. HANDLING AND STORAGE

7.1 Precautions for safe handling: 7.1.1 Recommendations for safe handling

The substance must be handled using only appropriate technical equipment. Appropriate individual protective and technical control means are defined as risk management measures in the attached exposure scenarios.

7.1.2 General occupational hygiene

Do not eat, drink or smoke in work areas; wash hands after use and remove contaminated clothing and protective equipment before entering eating areas.

7.2 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities Conditions of Storage: Store in a hermetic tightly closed reservoirs.

Packaging Materials: Hermetic metallic reservoir or cisterns.

Shale oil production premises and laboratories shall be equipped with a combined extract and input ventilation.

7.3 Specific end uses Refer to the attached exposure scenarios.

8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/ PERSONAL PROTECTION

Refer to the attached exposure scenarios for full details.

8.1 Control parameters

Maximum permissible concentration in working area air:

- phenols – 8 mg/m3

- aromatic ( of benzene equivalent) – 1.5 mg/m3

- shale oil gasoline (heptane-type) – 800 mg/m3

Derivation of DNELs

For none of the identified health hazards quantitative dose-response information is available, and it is not possible to derived appropriate DNELs/DMELs.

Derivation of PNECs

PNEC aqua (freshwater): 0.002 mg/L

PNEC aqua (marine water): 0.0002 mg/L

PNEC aqua (intermittent releases): 0.057 mg/L

PNEC sediment (freshwater): 0.081 mg/kg

PNEC sediment (marine water): 0.0081 mg/kg

PNEC soil: 0.276 mg/kg soil

PNEC STP: 4.7 mg/L

8.2 Exposure controls

8.2.1 Appropriate engineering controls Engineering controls such as local exhaust ventilation are recommended to reduce exposure to the substance.

8.2.2 Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment

8.2.2.1 Respiratory protection: 3M 6000 series two-filter half-mask or equivalent

8.2.2.2 Hand protection: Gloves to conform to Standard EN 374:2003.

8.2.2.3 Eyes protection: Protective goggles.

8.2.2.4 Skin protection: Protective clothing and boots.

8.2.3 Environmental exposure controls: Avoid release to the environment.

9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

9.1 Information on basic physical and chemical properties

Appearance: black liquid

Odour: acrid/irritating

Odour threshold: not specified

pH: ca. 5.3 at the limit of aqueous solubility

Melting point / freezing point: -9°C

Initial boiling point and boiling range: 235 - 465 ºC.

Flash point: > 61°C

Evaporation rate: Not determined

Flammability (solid/gas): Not applicable

Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: Not determined

Vapour pressure: 0.8 kPa at 25 ºC

Vapour density: Not determined

Relative density: 1.032 at 20 ºC

Solubility(ies): Water solubility 0.1 g/l at 20°C

Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: 3.9 at 23 ºC

Auto-ignition temperature: 395 °C at 1013 hPa

Decomposition temperature: Not determined

Kin. viscosity: 23 mm2/s (at 800C)

Explosive properties: Predicted not to be explosive

Oxidising properties: Predicted not to be oxidising

9.2 Other information:

Surface tension: 52.299 mN/m at 20°C

Adsorption coefficient: log Koc: -0.2 — 6.4 at 25 °C (soil),

log Koc: 0.4 — 6.3 at 25 °C (sludge)

(result read-across from Shale oil middle fraction)

10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

10.1 Reactivity: The substance has no particular reactivity hazards

10.2 Chemical stability: The substance is stable under normal conditions

10.3 Possibility of hazardous reactions: Hazardous polymerization will not occur

10.4 Conditions to avoid: None specified

10.5 Incompatible materials: None specified

10.6 Hazardous decomposition products: Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas may be

released upon prolonged storage.

11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

11.1 Information on toxicological effects

11.1.1.1 Hazard classes

Acute toxicity

Acute oral toxicity: LD50 > 2000 mg/kg bw in the rat OECD Guideline 423 (Acute Oral

toxicity - Acute Toxic Class method)

Acute dermal toxicity: LD50 > 2000 mg/kg bw in the rat (OECD Guideline 402 study read-across from Shale oil middle fraction).

Acute inhalation toxicity: Median lethal dose to white mice after 2 hours exposure = 19 mg/L (non-guideline study read-across from the analogous substance generator oil).

Skin corrosion / irritation

Skin irritation / corrosion: irritating (OECD Guideline 404 rabbit test read-across from Shale oil middle fraction)

Not corrosive based on the studies performed

Serious eye damage / irritation

Eye irritation: irritating (OECD Guideline 405 rabbit test read-across from Shale oil middle fraction)

Respiratory or skin sensitisation:

The substance is a skin sensitiser (positive OECD Guideline 429 Local Lymph Node Assay read-across from Shale oil middle fraction).

No information on respiratory sensitisation is available.

Germ cell mutagenicity

An Ames test (OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay) was negative

An in vitro mouse lymphoma assay (OECD Guideline 476 (In vitro

Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation test) was negative

Carcinogenicity:

Potentially carcinogenic based on IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Volume 35: Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds, Part 4, Bitumens, Coal-tars and Derived Products, Shale-oils and Soots, VOL.: 35 (1985) (p. 161).

Reproductive toxicity:

Not available.

STOT-single exposure

No significant effects observed.

STOT-repeated exposure

Not available.

Aspiration hazard

Not available.

12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

12.1 Toxicity

Fish 96h LC50 = 5.7 mg/l (read-across from Shale oil middle fraction)

Daphnia 48h EC50= 9.71 mg/l

Daphnia 21-day NOELR = 0.10 mg/l (read-across from Shale oil middle fraction)

Algae EbC50=20 mg/l, ErC50=32 mg/l (read-across from Shale oil middle fraction)

Sewage micro-organisms: 3h EC30 = 154 mg/l (read-across from Shale oil middle fraction)

12.2 Persistence and degradability

12.2.1 Abiotic degradation

No data on the hydrolysis of shale oil (heavy fraction) are available. Based on the properties of the test substance (it is a mixture of various different compounds, not chemically well defined with no main component) a hydrolysis study is technically not feasible.

12.2.2 Biotic degradation

22% degradation after 28-days in an inherent biodegradability study to the OECD 302C guideline (read-across from Shale oil middle fraction).

The substance is considered to be inherently biodegradable, not fulfilling specific criteria.

12.3 Bioaccumulation potential

BCF in fish calculated by EUSES 2.1 using the LogKow of 3.9 is 412 which indicates a low risk of bioaccumulation.

12.4 Mobility in soil Moderate association with soils/sediments is expected.

12.5 Results of PBT and vPvB assessment The substance is classified as T.

The substance is not classified as P or B.

The substance does not meet the criteria as being either PBT or vPvB.

12.6 Other adverse effects

None known

13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

13.1 Waste treatment methods

No specific measures are required prior to disposal.

Spills are adsorbed with earth or sand, collected and disposed of at the company’s own licensed waste treatment plant.

14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION

International Regulations

14.1 UN Number: 1288

14.2 Proper Shipping Name: ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, LIQUID, N.O.S. (shale oil)

14.3 Transport hazard class: Class 3

14.4 Packing group: III

14.5 Environmental hazards: Environmentally hazardous substance

14.6 Special precautions for user: No specific precautions.

14.7 Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL 73/78 and the IBC code:

Product is being carried under the scope of MARPOL Annex 1

IBC code: IBC02

15. REGULATORY INFORMATION

15.1 Safety, health and environmental regulations / legislation specific for the substance or mixture: The substance is not subject to authorisation or restriction under REACH.

15.2 Chemical safety assessment A chemical safety assessment has been carried out in this substance for REACH registration purposes.

16. OTHER INFORMATION

This safety data sheet has been updated 26 November 2010 in order to comply with Commission Regulation (EU) 453/2010 of 20 May 2010, amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Registration, Evaluation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). This safety data sheet has been updated 29 December 2014 on the basis of the Government Regulation No. 293 “Töökeskkonna keemiliste ohutegurite piirnormid“ and"Registered Substances ECHA” informatsioon.

16.1 Classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)

Skin Irrit. 2 (Hazard statement: H315: Causes skin irritation.)

Eye Irrit. 2 (Hazard statement: H319: Causes serious eye irritation.)

Skin Sens. 1 (Hazard statement: H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction.)

Carc. 1B (Hazard statement: H350: May cause cancer

Aquatic Chronic 2 (Hazard statement: H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.)

16.2 Classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC

Xi; R36/37/38 Irritant; Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.

R43 May cause sensitisation by skin contact.

Carc. Cat. 2; R45 May cause cancer.

N; R51/53 Dangerous for the environment; Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.

SDS distribution: The information in this document should be made available to all who may handle the product.

DISCLAIMER: This information is based on our current knowledge and is intended to describe the product for the purposes of health, safety and environmental requirements only. It should not therefore be construed as guaranteeing any specific property of the product.

Annex 1

Exposure scenarios

ES 1: Manufacture of substance

ES 2: Formulation into shale oil blends

ES 3: Formulation of shale oil blends into marine fuel

ES 4: Industrial use of shale oil blends as a heating oil

ES 5: Professional use of shale oil in marine fuel

ES 6: Professional use of shale oil in heating oil

ES 1 - Manufacture of substance

9. 1 ES 1 - Manufacture of substance

List of all use descriptors related to the life cycle stage and all the uses under it; include market sector (by PC), if relevant;

SU 8 – Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals

Name of contributing environmental scenario and corresponding ERC

Manufacture of substance - ERC 1

List of names of contributing worker scenarios and corresponding PROCs

Use in closed batch process (synthesis or formulation) – PROC 3

Further explanations (if needed)

9.1.1 Exposure Scenario

9.1.1.1 Contributing Scenario (1) controlling environmental exposure for ...

Name of contributing scenario Manufacture of substance

Further specification

Product characteristics

Product related conditions, e.g. the concentration of the substance in a mixture; viscosity of product; package design affecting exposure

Substance is manufactured as a liquid.

Concentration of the substance in a mixture: not relevant

Amounts used

Daily and annual amount per site (for uses in industrial setting) or daily and annual amount for wide disperse uses;

Frequency and duration of use

Intermittent (used < 12 times per year for not more than 24 h) or continuous use/release

365 days per year.

Environment factors not influenced by risk management

Flow rate of receiving surface water (m3/d, usually 18,000 m3/d for the standard town by default; please note: the default flow rate will be rarely changeable for downstream uses.

18,000 m3/d Standard EUSES default

Other given operational conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other given operational conditions: e.g. technology or process techniques determining the initial release of substance from process (via air and waste water); dry or water based processes; conditions related to temperature and pressure; indoor or outdoor use of products; work in confined area or open air;

Indoor use ECETOC TRA default

Technical conditions and measures at process level (source) to prevent release

Process design aiming to prevent releases and hence exposure to the environment; this includes in particular conditions ensuring rigorous containment; performance of the containment to be specified (e.g. by quantification of a release factor in section 9.x.2 of the CSR);

Process is enclosed with measures to prevent exposure of the environment. See below.

Technical onsite conditions and measures to reduce or limit discharges, air emissions and releases to soil

Technical measures, e.g. on-site waste water and waste treatment techniques, scrubbers, filters and other technical measures aiming at reducing releases to air, sewage system, surface water or soil; this includes strictly controlled conditions (procedural and control technology) to minimise emissions; specify effectiveness of measures; specify the size of industrial sewage treatment plant (m3/d), degradation effectiveness and sludge treatment (if applicable);

Waste air scrubbed prior to release (0.026% released)

Water pretreated to remove phenols and other organic compounds and then treated at on site WWTP before being discharged into surface water (0.015% released).

Efficiency: of wwtp of treatment from oils 92-95%, from phenols 94-95%.

Sewage sludge sent to third party incineration.

Flow of ca. 2 million L/day assumed through STP

Organizational measures to prevent/limit release from site

Specific organisational measures or measures needed to support the functioning of particular technical measures. Those measures need to be reported in particular for demonstrating

Discharges to wastewater., surface water and air must comply with local regulations/restrictions on the release of the specific

strictly controlled conditions. compounds into the environment.

Conditions and measures related to municipal sewage treatment plant

Size of municipal sewage system/treatment plant (m3/d); specify degradation effectiveness; sludge treatment technique (disposal or recovery); measures to limit air emissions from sewage treatment (if applicable); please note: the default size of the municipal STP (2000 m3/d) will be rarely changeable for downstream uses.

2000 m3/d Standard default

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste for disposal

Fraction of used amount transferred to external waste treatment for disposal; type of suitable treatment for waste generated by workers uses, e.g. hazardous waste incineration, chemical-physical treatment for emulsions, chemical oxidation of aqueous waste; specify effectiveness of treatment;

Shale oil ash/coke and the sludge from sewage treatment sent to third party incineration. Losses to landfill and incineration <1%.

Conditions and measures related to external recovery of waste

Fraction of used amount transferred to external waste treatment for recovery: specify type of suitable recovery operations for waste generated by workers uses, e.g. re-distillation of solvents, refinery process for lubricant waste, recovery of slags, heat recovery outside waste incinerators; specify effectiveness of measure;

Not applicable

9.1.1.2 Contributing scenario (2) controlling worker exposure for ...

Name of contributing scenario 2 Manufacture of substance


Product characteristic

Product related conditions, e.g. the concentration of the substance in a mixture, the physical state of that mixture (solid, liquid; if solid: level of dustiness), package design affecting exposure;


Amounts used

Amounts used per event

Frequency and duration of use/exposure

Duration of exposure per event and frequency of events; please note: Tier 1 exposure assessment usually refers to external event exposure, without taking into account the duration and frequency of the event (see Guidance Chapter R.15);

<2 minutes The manufacturing process is closed with potential for worker exposure limited to QC sampling.

Human factors not influenced by risk management

Particular conditions of use, e.g. body parts potentially exposed; population potentially exposed (adults, children)

Appropriate PPE ensures no body parts are potentially exposed to the chemical

Other given operational conditions affecting workers exposure

Other operational conditions e.g. room volume, air exchange rate, outdoor or indoor use

Indoor use


Process design aiming to prevent releases and hence exposure of workers; this in particular includes conditions ensuring rigorous containment; performance of containment to be specified (e.g. by quantification of residual losses or exposure)

The manufacturing process is closed, with worker exposure limited to QC sampling.

Measurements of VOCs are taken at regular intervals at the manufacturing facility and documented/controlled by the Occupational Hygienist.

Technical conditions and measures to control dispersion form source towards the worker

Engineering controls, e.g. Exhaust ventilation; specify effectiveness of measure

Indoors with Good General Ventilation.

Organisational measures to prevent /limit releases, dispersion and exposure

Specific organisational measures or measures needed to support the functioning of particular technical measures (e.g. training and supervision). Those measures need to be reported in particular for demonstrating strictly controlled conditions (to justify exposure based waiving).

The facility has established a comprehensive occupational hygiene monitoring program with the following RMMs in place pertaining to continual training and monitoring of the health of the workers:

1. The facility is compliant with the following Integrated Management Systems: ISO 9001 (Quality), 14001 (Environment), OHSAS 18001 (Occupational Health and Safety). Certified by Lloyds (see Appendix 1);

2. For every production unit and work place, an OHS risk assessment has been compiled. All workers are fully trained and familiarised with the necessary OC/RMMs;

3. Every production process is clearly described with company SOPs (Standard Operating Procedures). These documents (also referred to as Technological Card or Technological Rules of Procedure) include all relevant technical and operational RMMs (environmental and occupational);

4. All production processes have instructions on safe use for workers;

5. Workers’ proficiency in the process instructions is periodically reviewed (quarterly) by managers and the occupational safety manager;

6. For every worker instructing card is kept and will be kept after he has left the company for 55 years;

7. Internal and 3rd party audits according to ISO standards;

8. All workers have to pass medical check periodically (every 1-3 years, depending on the occupation);

9. On production site, workers have access to medical cabinet;

10 All technical equipment is checked, maintained and repaired periodically accordingly to maintenance plans that have been put together by technical staff;

11 In order to ensure fluent production processes (24/7) a system of journals has been established to coordinate work between shifts.

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

Personal protection, e.g. wearing of gloves, face protection, full body dermal protection, goggles, respirator; specify effectiveness of measure; specify the suitable material for the PPE (where relevant) and advise how long the protective equipment can be used before replacement (if relevant)

PPE is chosen and implemented in order to eliminate worker exposure. Typically, workers wear goggles and gloves at all stages when there is the potential for exposure.

Gloves are selected with adequate permeation rates such that exposure is eliminated.

Additional good practice advice beyond the REACH CSA Note: The measures reported in this section have not been taken into account in the exposure estimates related to the exposure scenario above. They are not subject to obligation laid down in Article 37 (4) of REACH, Thus, the downstream user is not obliged to i) carry out an own CSA and ii) to notify the use to the Agency, if he does not implement these measures.

Use specific measures expected to reduce the predicted exposure beyond the level estimated based on the exposure scenario.

9.2. ES 2: Formulation into shale oil blends

9. 2 ES 2 – formulation into Shale Oil Blends


SU 10 – Formulation [mixing] of preparations and/or re-packaging


Formulation of preparations - ERC 2






Name of contributing scenario Formulation into shale oil blends





Concentration of shale oil (heavy) in shale oil blend ranges from 30% to 70%

Amounts used


Annual use: 345655 tpa (total of 5 sites)

Daily site use: 315.67 (assuming use on 365 days per year and equal use between 3 sites)



365 days per year.


Flow rate of receiving surface water (m3/d, usually 18,000 m3/d for the standard town by default; please note: the default flow rate will be rarely changeable


for downstream uses.



Indoor use







Water pretreated to remove phenols and other organic compounds and then treated at on site WWTP before being discharged into surface water (0.00015% released).

Efficiency: of wwtp of treatment from oils 92-95%, from phenols 94-95%.

Sewage sludge sent to third party incineration.



Specific organisational measures or measures needed to support the functioning of particular technical measures. Those measures need to be reported in particular for demonstrating strictly controlled conditions.

Discharges to wastewater., surface water and air must comply with local regulations/restrictions on the release of the specific compounds into the

environment.






Shale oil ash/coke and the sludge from sewage treatment sent to third party incineration. Losses to landfill and incineration <1%.



Not applicable


Name of contributing scenario 2 Formulation into shale oil blends





Concentration of shale oil (heavy) in shale oil blend ranges from 30% to 70%

Amounts used

Amounts used per event Annual use: 345655 tpa (total of 5 sites)

Daily site use: 315.67 (assuming use on 365 days per year and equal use between 3 sites)



<2 minutes The formulating process is closed with potential for worker exposure limited to QC sampling.






Indoor use



The formulating process is closed, with worker exposure limited to QC sampling.

Measurements of VOCs are taken at regular intervals at the facility and documented/ controlled by the Occupational Hygienist.







1. The facility is compliant with the following Integrated Management Systems: ISO 9001 (Quality), 14001 (Environment), OHSAS 18001 (Occupational Health and Safety). Certified by Lloyds (see Appendix 1);

2. For every production unit and work place an OHS risk assessment has been compiled. All workers are fully trained and familiarised with the necessary OC/RMMs;

3. Every production process is clearly described with company SOPs (Standard Operating Procedures). These documents (also referred to as Technological Card or Technological Rules of Procedure) include all relevant technical and operational RMMs (environmental and occupational);

4. All production processes have instructions on safe use for workers;

5. Workers’ proficiency in the process instructions is periodically reviewed (quarterly) by managers and the occupational safety manager;

6. For every worker instructing card is kept and will be kept after he has left the company for 55 years;

7. Internal and 3rd party audits according to ISO standards;

8. All workers have to pass medical check periodically (depending on the occupation in every 1-3 years);

9. On production site, workers have access to medical cabinet;

10. All technical equipment are checked, maintained and repaired periodically accordingly to maintenance plans that have been put together by technical staff;

11. In order to ensure fluent production processes (24/7) a system of journals has been established to coordinate work between shifts.







ES 3: Formulation of shale oil blends into marine fuel

9. 3 ES 3 – Formulation of shale oil blends to produce marine fuels




Formulation of preparations - ERC 2



PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or preparation (charging/discharging) from/to vessels/large containers at dedicated facilities




Name of contributing scenario Formulation of shale oil blends to produce marine fuels





Concentration of shale oil (heavy) in marine fuel is 40%

Amounts used




365 days per year.






Indoor use







Water treated at on site WWTP before being discharged into surface water (0.0005% released).




Discharges to wastewater., surface water and air must comply with local regulations/restrictions on the release of the specific compounds into the environment.






Not applicable



Not applicable


Name of contributing scenario 2 Formulation of shale oil blends to produce marine fuels






Amounts used



Duration of exposure per event and frequency of events; please note: Tier 1 exposure assessment usually refers to external event exposure, without taking into account the duration and frequency

<1 minute (QC sampling – PROC 3)

10 minutes (PROC 8b)

The formulating process is closed with only potential for worker exposure limited to QC sampling and transfer of the

of the event (see Guidance Chapter R.15); preparation to/from the storage tanks.






Indoor use



The formulating process is closed, with worker exposure limited to QC sampling and transfer to/from storage tanks.







1. The facility is compliant with the following Integrated Management Systems: ISO 9001 (Quality);

2. For every production unit and work place an OHS risk assessment has been compiled. All workers are fully trained and familiarised with the necessary OC/RMMs;

3. Every production process is clearly described with company SOPs (Standard Operating Procedures).

ES 4: Industrial use of shale oil blends as a heating oil

9.4 ES 4 – Industrial use of shale oil blends as heating oil




Industrial use of substances in closed systems - ERC 7






Name of contributing scenario Industrial use of shale oil blends as heating oil




Substance is formulated as a liquid.

Amounts used




365 days per year. Standard default value.






Indoor use



Combustion of fuel oil is an enclosed process



No specific technical measures. However, general measures and practice employed to avoid environmental exposure.



Discharges to wastewater., surface water and air must comply with local regulations/restrictions on release of fuel oils.






Not applicable



Not applicable


Name of contributing scenario 2 Industrial use of shale oil blends as heating oil





Concentration of shale oil (heavy) in heating oil ranges from 30% to 70%

Amounts used




10 minutes (PROC 8b) Worker exposure limited to transfer of the preparation to/from the storage tanks.



Appropriate PPE ensures no body parts are potentially exposed to

chemical





Worker exposure limited to transfer to/from storage tanks.



No information





PPE is chosen and implemented in order to eliminate worker exposure. Typically, workers wear goggles, RPE and gloves at all stage where there is the potential for exposure.




ES 5: Professional use of shale oil in marine fuel

9.5 ES 5 – Professional use of shale oil blends in marine fuel


PC 13


Wide dispersive outdoor use of substances in closed systems

- ERC 9b






Name of contributing scenario Professional use of shale oil blends in marine fuel





Amounts used







Not applicable



Indoor use












Not applicable



Not applicable



Not applicable


Name of contributing scenario 2 Professional use of shale oil blends in marine fuel






Amounts used







Appropriate PPE ensures no body parts are potentially exposed to the

chemical








No information



The Occupational Health and Safety Act requires that all employers must compile an OHS risk assessment, with appropriate worker introduction and training. The facilities where professional workers use hazardous substances must comply to SEVESO II Directive (i.e., compile Safety Report and train its workers).






Use specific measures expected to reduce the predicted exposure beyond the level estimated based on the exposure scenario

ES 6: Professional use of shale oil in heating oil

This exposure scenario has been developed based on the best knowledge of the lead registrant. When specific information was not available from the downstream users best estimates have been used.

9.6 ES 6 – Professional use of shale oil blends in heating oil


PC 13


Wide dispersive outdoor use of substances in closed systems

- ERC 9b






Name of contributing scenario Professional use of shale oil blends in heating oil





Amounts used










Indoor use











Size of municipal sewage system/treatment plant (m3/d); specify degradation effectiveness; sludge treatment technique (disposal or recovery); measures to limit air emissions from sewage treatment (if applicable); please note: the default size of the municipal STP (2000 m3/d) will be rarely


changeable for downstream uses.



Not applicable



Not applicable


Name of contributing scenario 2 Professional use of shale oil blends in heating oil





Concentration of shale oil (heavy) in heating oil ranges from 30% to 70%

Amounts used



Duration of exposure per event and frequency of events; please note: Tier 1 exposure assessment usually refers to external event exposure, without taking into account the duration and frequency


of the event (see Guidance Chapter R.15);











No information



The Occupational Health and Safety Act requires that all employers must compile an OHS risk assessment, with appropriate worker introduction and training. The facilities where professional workers use hazardous substances must comply to SEVESO II Directive (i.e., compile Safety Report and train its workers).





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