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Implementing Active Directory® Domain Services 1-1

Module 1 Implementing Active Directory® Domain Services

Contents: Lesson 1: Installing Active Directory Domain Services 1-3

Lesson 2: Deploying Read-Only Domain Controllers 1-14

Lesson 3: Configuring AD DS Domain Controller Roles 1-22

Lab: Implementing Read-Only Domain Controllers and Managing Domain Controller Roles 1-29

BETA COURSEWARE. EXPIRES 4/11/2008

1-2 6425A: Configuring Windows Server® 2008 Active Directory® Domain Services

Module Overview

Active Directory® Domain Services (AD DS) is installed as a server role in Windows Server® 2008. You have several choices to make when you install AD DS and run the Active Directory Installation Wizard. You must choose whether to create a new domain or add a domain controller to an existing domain. You also have the option of installing AD DS on a server running Windows Server 2008 Server Core or installing read-only domain controllers. After deploying the domain controllers, you also must manage special domain controller roles, such as the global catalog and operations masters.



Lesson 1: Installing Active Directory Domain Services

Windows Server 2008 provides several ways to install and configure Active Directory Domain Services. This lesson describes the standard AD DS installation, and then also describes some of the other options that are available when performing the installation.



Requirements for Installing AD DS

Key Points To install Active Directory Domain Services, the server must meet the following requirements:

Windows Server 2008 operating system must be is installed. AD DS can only be installed on the following editions:

• Windows Server 2008, Standard Edition

• Windows Server 2008, Enterprise Edition

• Windows Server 2008, Datacenter edition

Additional Reading • Active Directory Domain Services Help: Installing Active Directory Domain

Services

• Microsoft Technet article: Requirements for Installing AD DS



What Are Domain and Forest Functional Levels?

Key Points In Windows Server 2008, forest and domain functionality provides a way to enable forest-wide or domain-wide Active Directory features in your network environment. Different levels of forest and domain functionality are available, depending on domain and forest functional level.

Additional Reading • Active Directory Domain Services Help: Set the domain or forest functional

level

• Microsoft Technet article: Appendix of Functional Level Features



AD DS Installation Process

Key Points To configure a Windows Server 2008 domain controller, you must install the AD DS server role and run the Active Directory Domain Services Installation wizard. Do this using one of the following processes:

• Install the Server role by using Server Manager, and then run the installation wizard by running DCPromo or the installation wizard from Server Manager.

• Run DCPromo from the Run command or a command prompt. This will install the AD DS server role and then start the installation wizard.


Services

• Microsoft Technet article: Installing a New Windows Server 2008 Forest and Scenarios for Installing AD DS



Advanced Options for Installing AD DS

Key Points Some of the Active Directory Domain Services Installation Wizard pages appear only if you select the Use advanced mode installation check box on the Welcome page of the wizard or by running DCPromo with the /adv switch. If you do not run the installation wizard in advanced mode, the wizard uses default options that apply to most configurations.

Question: When would you use the advanced options mode in your organization?

Additional Reading • Active Directory Domain Services Help: Use advanced mode installation

• Microsoft Technet article: What's New in AD DS Installation and Removal



Installing AD DS from Media

Key Points

Before you can use backup media as the source for installing a domain controller, use Ntdsutil.exe to create the installation media.

Question: Which types of installation media will you use in your organization?

Additional Reading • Microsoft Technet article: Installing AD DS from Media



Demonstration: Verifying the AD DS installation

Question: What steps would you take if you noticed that the domain controller installation failed?

Additional Reading • Microsoft Technet article: Verifying an AD DS Installation

• Microsoft Technet article: Verifying Active Directory Installation



Upgrading to Windows Server 2008 AD DS

Key Points To install a new Windows Server 2008 domain controller in an existing Windows 2000 Server or Windows Server 2003 domain, complete the following steps:

• If the domain controller is the first Windows Server 2008 domain controller in the forest, you must prepare the forest for Windows Server 2008 by extending the schema on the schema operations master. To extend the schema, run adprep /forestprep. The adprep tool is located on the Windows Server 2008 installation media.

• If the domain controller is the first Windows Server 2008 domain controller in a Windows 2000 Server domain, you must first prepare the domain by running adprep /domainprep /gpprep on the infrastructure master. The gpprep switch adds inheritable access control entry (ACEs) to the Group Policy Objects (GPO) that are located in the SYSVOL shared folder and synchronizes the SYSVOL shared folder among the controllers in the domain.



• If the domain controller is the first Windows Server 2008 domain controller in a Windows Server 2003 domain, you must prepare the domain by running adprep /domainprep on the infrastructure master.

• After you install a writeable domain controller, you can install an RODC in the Windows Server 2003 forest. Before doing this, you must prepare the forest by running adprep /rodcprep. You can run adprep /rodcprep on any computer in the forest. If the RODC will be a global catalog server, then you must run adprep /domainprep in all domains in the forest, regardless of whether the domain runs a Windows Server 2008 domain controller. By running adprep /domainprep in all domains, the RODC can replicate global catalog data from all domains in the forest and then advertise as a global catalog server.


Services

• Microsoft Technet article: Installing a New Windows Server 2008 Forest:

• Microsoft Technet article: Scenarios for Installing AD DS



Installing AD DS on a Server Core Computer

Key Points To install AD DS on a Windows Server 2008 computer running Server Core, you must use an unattended setup. Windows Server 2008 Server Core does not provide a graphical user interface (GUI) so you cannot run the Active Directory Domain Services installation wizard.

To perform an unattended install of AD DS, use an answer file and the following syntax with the Dcpromo command:

Dcpromo /answer[:filename] Where filename is the name of your answer file.

Additional Reading • Microsoft Technet article: Appendix of Unattended Installation Parameters



Discussion: Common Configuration for AD DS

Key Points After installing a domain controller, you may need to perform additional tasks in your environment. You can access checklists for the following common configurations for AD DS in Server Manager, under Resources and Support.

Additional Reading • AD DS Help: Common Configurations for Active Directory Domain Services



Lesson 2:

Deploying Read-Only Domain Controllers

One of the important new features in Windows Server 2008 is the option to use read-only domain controllers (RODCs). RODCs provide all of the functionality that clients require while providing additional security for domain controllers deployed in branch offices. When configuring RODCs, you can specify which user account passwords will be cached on the server and configure delegated administrative permissions for the domain controller. This lesson describes how to install and configure RODCs.



What Is a Read-Only Domain Controller?

Key Points An RODC is a new type of domain controller that Windows Server 2008 supports. An RODC hosts read-only partitions of the AD DS database. This means that no changes can ever be made to the database copy that the RODC stores, and all AD DS replication uses a one-way connection from a domain controller that has a writeable database copy to the RODC.

Additional Reading • Microsoft Technet article: AD DS: Read-Only Domain Controllers



Read-Only Domain Controller Features

Key Points See the list on the slide.

Additional Reading • Microsoft Technet article: AD DS: Read-Only Domain Controllers

• Microsoft Technet article: Step-by-Step Guide for Read-Only Domain Controller in Windows Server 2008 Beta 3



Preparing to Install the RODC

Key Points Before you can install an RODC, you must prepare the AD DS environment by completing the following steps:

• Configure the domain and forest functional level

• Plan for Windows Server 2008 domain controller availability

• Prepare the forest and domain

Additional Reading • AD DS Help: Delegate read-only domain controller installation and

administration

• Microsoft Technet article: AD DS: Read-Only Domain Controllers




Installing the RODC

Key Points The RODC installation is almost identical to the installation of AD DS on a domain controller with a writeable copy of the database. However there are a few extra steps.

Additional Reading • AD DS Help: Delegate read-only domain controller installation and

administration




Delegating the RODC Installation

Key Points You can delegate the installation of an RODC by performing a two stage installation.

Question: What are the benefits of delegating an RODC installation?

Additional reading • AD DS Help: Delegate read-only domain controller installation and

administration

• Microsoft Technet article: AD DS: Read-Only Domain Controllers:

• Microsoft Technet article: Step-by-Step Guide for Read-Only Domain Controller in Windows Server 2008 Beta 3:



What Are Password Replication Policies?

Key Points When deploy an RODC, you can configure a Password Replication Policy for the RODC.

The Password Replication Policy acts as an access control list (ACL) that determines if an RODC is permitted to cache a password.

The Password Replication Policy lists the accounts that you are allowing explicitly to be cached and those that you are not. The passwords for any accounts are not actually cached on the RODC until after the first time the user or computer account is authenticated through the RODC.

Additional Reading • AD DS Online Help: Specify Password Replication Policy



Demonstration: Configuring Administrator Role Separation and Password Replication Policies

Questions: What is an alternative way to configure administrator role separation and password replication policies?

Your organization has deployed two RODCs. How would you configure the password replication policy if you wanted the credentials for all user accounts and computer accounts except for administrators and executives to be cached on both RODCs?

Additional Reading • AD DS Help: Specify Password Replication Policy



Lesson 3:

Configuring AD DS Domain Controller Roles

All domain controllers in a domain are essentially equal, meaning they all contain the same data and provide the same services. However, you also can assign special roles to domain controllers to provide additional services or address scenarios in which only one domain controller should provide services at any given time. This lesson describes how to configure and manage global catalog servers and operations masters.



What Are Global Catalog Servers?

Key Points The global catalog is a partial, read-only replica of all domain directory partitions in a forest. The global catalog is a partial replica because it includes only a limited set of attributes for each of the forest’s objects. By including only the attributes that are used the most for searching, the database of a single global catalog server can represent every object in every domain in the forest.

The global catalog server hosts the global catalog and its domain information. Active Directory configures the first domain controller automatically in the forest as a global catalog server. You can add global catalog functionality to other domain controllers or change the default location of the global catalog to another domain controller.

Additional Reading • Microsoft Technet article: Domain Controller Roles



Modifying the Global Catalog

Key Points Sometimes you may want to customize the global catalog server to include additional attributes. By default, for every object in the forest, the global catalog server contains an object’s most common attributes. Applications and users can query these attributes. For example, you can find a user by first name, last name, e-mail address, or other common properties

Additional Reading • Microsoft Technet article: Domain Controller Roles (Global Catalog Partial

Attribute Set section)



Demonstration: Configuring Global Catalog Servers

Questions: What types of errors or user experiences would lead you to investigate whether you needed to configure another server as a global catalog server?

What are reasons why you would choose to replicate an attribute to the global catalog?

Additional Reading • Microsoft Technet article: To add an attribute to the global catalog



What Are Operations Master Roles?

Key Points Active Directory is designed as a multimaster replication system. However, for certain directory operations, only a single authoritative server is required. The domain controllers that perform specific roles are known as operations masters. The domain controllers that hold operations master roles are designated to perform specific tasks to ensure consistency and to eliminate the potential for conflicting entries in the Active Directory database.

Additional Reading • Microsoft Technet article: To add an attribute to the global catalog



Demonstration: Managing Operation Master Roles

Questions: Under what circumstances might you need to seize an operations master role immediately rather than wait a few hours for a domain controller currently holding the role to be repaired?

You are deploying the first domain controller in a new domain that will be a new domain tree in the WoodgroveBank.com forest. What operations master roles will this server hold by default?

Additional Reading • Microsoft Technet article: Manage Operations Master Roles



How Windows Time Service Works

Key Points The Windows Time service, also known as W32Time, synchronizes the date and time for all computers running on a Windows Server 2008 network. The Windows Time service uses the Network Time Protocol (NTP) to ensure highly accurate time settings throughout your network. You also can integrate the Windows Time service with external time sources.

Additional Reading • Microsoft Technet article: Windows Time Service Technical Reference

• Microsoft Technet article: Configuring a time source for the forest



Lab: Implementing Read-Only Domain Controllers and Managing Domain Controller Roles

Scenario:

Woodgrove Bank has begun their deployment of Windows Server 2008. The organization has deployed several domain controllers at the corporate headquarters and is preparing to deploy domain controllers in several branch offices. The Enterprise Administrator created a design that requires read-only domain controllers to be deployed on servers running Windows Server 2008 in all branch offices. Your task is to deploy a domain controller in a branch office that meets these requirements.



Exercise 1: Evaluating Forest and Server Readiness for Installing an RODC Woodgrove Bank has begun their deployment of Windows Server 2008. The organization has deployed several domain controllers at the corporate headquarters and is now preparing to deploy domain controllers in several of the branch offices. The Enterprise Administrator has created a design that requires read-only domain controllers to be deployed on servers running Windows Server 2008 in all branch offices.

Your task is to deploy a domain controller in a branch office that meets these requirements

Note: Due to the limitations of the virtual lab environment, you will be installing the RODC in the same site as the existing domain controllers. In a production environment, you would complete the same steps even if the RODC was in a different site.

The main tasks are as follows:

1. Start 6425A-NYC-DC1 and log on as Administrator.

2. Start 6425A-NYC-SVR1 and log on as Administrator.

3. Start 6425A-NYC-SVR1 and log on as Administrator.

4. Verify the forest and domain functional level are compatible with an RODC deployment.

5. Verify the availability of a writeable domain controller running Windows Server 2008.

5. Configure the computer account settings for the RODC.

Task 1: Start 6425A-NYC-DC1 and log on as Administrator • Start 6425A-NYC-DC1 and log on as Administrator using the password

Pa$$w0rd.



Task 2: Start 6425A-NYC-DC2 and log on as Administrator • Start 6425A-NYC-DC2 and log on as Administrator using the password

Pa$$w0rd.

Task 3: Start 6425A-NYC-SVR1 and log on as Administrator • Start 6425A-NYC-SVR1 and log on as Administrator using the password

Pa$$w0rd.

Task 3: Verify the forest and domain functional level are compatible with an RODC deployment 1. On NYC-DC1, open Active Directory Users and Computers.

2. Right-click WoodgroveBank.com and verify that the domain functional level and the forest functional level are set to Windows Server 2003.

Task 4: Verify the availability of a writeable domain controller running Windows Server 2008 1. In Active Directory Users and Computers, check the properties for NYC-DC1.

2. Verify that the operating system name is Windows Server 2008 Enterprise.

Task 5: Configure the computer account settings for the RODC 1. On NYC-SVR1, open Server Manager.

2. Click Change System Properties, and on the Computer Name tab, change the computer name to TOR-DC1.

3. Restart the computer.

Result: At the end of this exercise, you will have verified that the domain and the computer are ready to install an RODC.



Exercise 2: Installing and Configuring an RODC You will install the RODC server role on the Windows Server 2008 computer. To do this, you will prestage the computer account that the RODC will use. As part of the prestaging, you will configure an administrative group with permissions to install the domain controller.

After the installation is complete, you will verify that the installation completed successfully. You also will configure password-replication policies for users that log on to the domain controller.


1. Pre-stage the computer account for the RODC.

2. Log on to TOR-DC1 as Administrator.

3. Install the RODC using the existing account. Use WoodgroveBank\Axel as the account with credentials to perform the installation.

4. Verify the successful installation of the domain controller.

5. Configure a password replication policy that enables credential caching for all user accounts in Toronto.

Task 1: Pre-stage the computer account for the RODC 1. On NYC-DC1, open Active Directory Users and Computers.

2. Right-click the Domain Controllers organization unit and click Pre-create Read-only Domain Controller account.

3. Complete the Active Directory Domain Services Installation Wizard using the following selections:

a. Use advanced mode installation

b. Use the current credentials.

c. Computer name: TOR-DC1

d. Default site

e. Install only the DNS and RODC options

f. Delegate permission to install the RODC to Axel Delgado



Task 2: Log on to TOR-DC1 as Administrator • Log on as Administrator using the password Pa$$w0rd.

Task 3: Install the RODC using the existing account. Use WoodgroveBank\Axel as the account with credentials to perform the installation 1. On TOR-DC1, open a command prompt and type dcpromo

/UseExistingAccount:Attach, and then press ENTER:

2. Complete the Active Directory Domain Services Installation Wizard using the following selections:

a. Use advanced mode installation

b. Provide Axel as the alternative credential

c. Use TOR-DC1 as the computer name

d. Use NYC-DC1.WoodgroveBank.com as the source domain controller

e. Accept the default location for the Database, Log Files, and SYSVOL files.

f. Use Pa$$w0rd as the Directory Services Restore Mode Administrator Password

3. Reboot the computer when the installation finishes.

Task 4: Verify the successful installation of the domain controller 1. After NYC-SRV1 restarts, log on as Axel with a password of Pa$$w0rd.

2. In Server Manager, verify that Active Directory Domain Services server role is installed.

3. Verify that all required services are running.

4. In Active Directory Users and Computers, verify that TOR-DC1 is listed in the Domain Controllers organizational unit.

5. Verify that you do not have permission to add or remove domain objects.



6. In Active Directory Sites and Services, verify that TOR-DC1 is listed in the Servers list for the Default-First-Site-Name.

7. Check the NTDS Settings for TOR-DC1. Confirm that connection objects have been created.

8. Check the NTDS Settings for NYC-DC1. Confirm that no connection objects have been created for replication with TOR-DC1.

9. Open Event Viewer. In the Directory Service log, locate and view a message with an event ID of 1128. This event ID verifies that a replication connection object has been created between NYC-DC1 and TOR-DC1.

Task 5: Configure a password replication policy that enables credential caching for all user accounts in Toronto 1. On NYC-DC1, in Active Directory Users and Computers, access the TOR-

DC1 Properties dialog box.

2. Add all of the Toronto groups to the Password replication policy.

Result: At the end of this exercise, you will have installed an RODC and configured the RODC password replication policy for the RODC.



Exercise 3: Configuring AD DS Domain Controller Roles You will configure the RODC installed in the previous exercise as a global catalog server. You also will assign operation master roles to an additional domain controller in the domain.


1. Use Active Directory Sites and Services to configure TOR-DC1 as a global catalog server.

2. Configure NYC-DC2 as the infrastructure master and domain naming master for the WoodgroveBank.com domain.

3. Add the Department attribute to the global catalog.

4. Shut down all virtual machines.

Task 1: Use Active Directory Sites and Services to configure TOR-DC1 as a global catalog server 1. On NYC-DC1, in Active Directory Sites and Services, locate the TOR-DC1

computer account.

2. Access the NTDS Settings, and select the Global Catalog check box.

Task 2: Configure NYC-DC2 as the infrastructure master and domain naming master for the WoodgroveBank.com domain 1. On NYC-DC1, in Active Directory Users and Computers, change the

console’s focus to NYC-DC1.WoodgroveBank.com and then click OK.

2. Right-click WoodgroveBank.com, and then click Operations Masters. Transfer the infrastructure master role to NYC-DC2.WoodgroveBank.com.

3. On NYC-DC2, open Active Directory Domains and Trusts. Access the Operations Master settings and transfer the domain naming operations master role to NYC-DC2.



Task 3: Add the Department attribute to the global catalog 1. On NYC-DC1, use the regsvr32 schmmgmt.dll to register the Active Directory

Schema snap-in.

2. Create a new MMC and add the Active Directory Schema snap-in.

3. In the Active Directory Schema, access the Department attribute and configure the attribute to replicate to the Global Catalog.

Task 4: Shut down all virtual machines and discard any changes

Result: At the end of this exercise, you will have configured a global catalog server and configure AD DS domain controller roles.



Module Review and Takeaways

Review Questions 1. You are deploying a domain controller in a branch office. The branch office

does not have a highly secure server room so you are concerned about the security of the server. What two Windows Server 2008 features can you take advantage of to enhance the security of the domain controller deployment?

2. You must create a new domain by installing a domain controller in your Active Directory infrastructure. You are reviewing the inventory list of available servers for this purpose. Which of the following computers could be used as a domain controller?

A. Windows Server 2008 Web Edition, NTFS files system, 1 gigabyte (GB) free hard disk space, TCP/IP.

B. Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition, NTFS files system, 500 megabyte (MB) free hard disk space, TCP/IP.



C. Windows Server 2008 Server Core Enterprise Edition, NTFS files system, 1GB free hard disk space, TCP/IP.

D. Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition, NTFS files system, 500 MB free hard disk space, TCP/IP.

3. You are deploying an RODC in branch office. You need to ensure that all users in the branch office can authenticate even if the WAN connection from the branch office is not available. Only the users who normally log on in the branch office should be able to do this? How would you configure the password replication policy?

4. You need to install a domain controller by using the install from media option. What steps do you need to take to complete this process?

5. Will you be deploying RODCs in your AD DS environment? Describe the deployment scenario.

6. You are deploying a domain controller in a branch office. The office has a WAN connection to the main office that has very little available bandwidth and is not very reliable. Should you configure the branch office domain controller as a global catalog server?

Considerations Keep the following considerations in mind when you are implementing RODCs and managing domain controller roles:

• You can install the AD DS Server role on all Windows Server 2008 editions except Windows Server 2008 Web Server Edition.

• Consider installing a RODC on a Windows Server 2008 Server Core computer to provide additional security for your domain environment.

• To install AD DS on a Server Core computer, you must use an unattended installation.

• Plan the password replication policies carefully in your organization. If you enable credential caching for most of the accounts in your domain, you will increase the impact to your organization if the RODC is compromised. If you do not enable any credential caching, you increase the impact to the branch office location if the WAN link to the main office is not available.



• In most cases, deploying a global catalog server in a site will improve the logon experience for users. However, deploying a global catalog in a remote office also increases the network utilized for replication.

• Operation master roles provide important services on a network but the services are not usually time critical. Most of the time, if a domain controller holding an operation master role fails, you do not immediately need to seize the role to another domain controller if the failed server can be repaired within a few hours.


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Technology

domain controllers

domain controller installation

new domain

domain functionality

existing domain

ad ds domain controller

ad ds server role

ad ds installation question