MATERIAL MATTERS_Ceramics / Terra CottaCarbon-Based MaterialsPolymers [ETFE]Metals

ARCH 3012_Spring 2013 Southern Polytechnic State University School of Architecture Michael Carroll, Assistant Professor, mcarrol2@spsu.edu

MATERIAL MATTERS_Ceramics/Terra Cotta

santa caterina market (1997-2005)_ barcelona, spain _ enric miralles toni cumella (ceramica cumella _ ceramic fabricator)

REHABILITATION OF SANTA CATERINA MARKETBarcelona, 1997-2005National Award of Generalitat de Catalunya 2001Spanish Ceramic Awards ASCER 2005 – Architectural Prize

santa caterina market (1997-2005)

santa caterina market (1997-2005)_ barcelona, spain _ enric miralles

Design concept references the spatial circumstances of the surrounding residential buildings and plazas in the design. The main feature of the construction project is a geometrically ingenious roof structure made of colorfully glazed stone tiles by Ceramica Cumella. The ceramic tiles, fired at high temperature with bright, transparent glazes reflect the shape and colors of the surroundings. Viewed from above the roof structure has the appearance of a Tetris-pattern flying carpet. The roof's clear color macro-mosaic takes its shapes and colors of the fruit and vegetables on sale there.

santa caterina market (1997-2005)_ barcelona, spain _ enric miralles

In Parc Güell, the "trencadís" (mosaic made from broken tiles) is one of the fundamental finishing materials and, without a doubt, the most emblematic. But the material it is made from, enameled baked clay, is inadequate for exposure to the elements.

Toni Cumella_Ceramica Cumella_Restoration of Park Quell

CERAMICA CUMELLA: SHAPING IDEAS

AA Gallery29/9/2012 - 27/10/2012 -Exhibitions are open Monday to Friday 10:00–19:00, Saturday 10:00–15:00, unless otherwise stated

The artistic and scientific innovations emerging from the studio of Toni Cumella reveal that ceramics are highly versatile 21st century materials. Focusing on the 4 main fabrication processes in use at Ceramica Cumella – extruding, casting, pressing and revolving – Shaping Ideas presents the work of Toni Cumella and the application of his ceramics in some of contemporary architecture’s most significant projects.

Born in 1951, the son of ceramicist Antoni Cumella, Toni Cumella studied industrial engineering at Barcelona University before dedicating himself entirely to ceramics in 1970. After the death of his father in 1985 Cumella redirected the focus of the studio Ceramica Cumella towards the development of architectural projects and large-scale artworks, working closely with Studio PER (Cristian Cirici, Pep Bonet, Oscar Tusquets, Enric Steegman and Lluis Clotet), Enric Sòria and Jordi Garcés. Between 1989 and 1992 the studio undertook its first two major architectural commissions: the restoration of Gaudi’s Casa Batlló (with architect Josep Botey) and the restoration of Gaudi’s Parc Güell (with architects Elíes Torres & Martinez Lapena), which firmly established Ceramica Cumella as a centre of expertise in the field.

Subsequent collaborations developed at the studio include Enric Miralles and Benedetta Tagliabue’s Park Diagonal Mar and Parc Dels Colors followed by the Santa Caterina Market in 2005, Jean Nouvel’s Placa Sardana, Alejandro Zaera-Polo’s  Spanish Pavilion at Expo 2005, the Law Courts in Terrassa and the Catalan Police Headquarters in El Vendrell with Josep Botey, and Enric Ruiz-Geli’s Villa Nurbs in 2009. Currently underway at the studio are new projects with Renzo Piano, Kengo Kuma and Amanda Levete.

9/24/12 11:31 AM1–13 St Giles High Street, london - Google Maps

Page 1 of 1https://maps.google.com/maps?client=safari&oe=UTF-8&q=1–13+St+Giles+High+Street,+lond…15887,-0.128446&spn=0.003539,0.01074&t=m&z=17&vpsrc=6&ei=d3xgULnVL4iHtwfE84G4Cw&pw=2

Address 1 St Giles High StCamden Town, London Borough ofCamden, WC2H 8, UK

Renzo Piano has specified ceramic or terracotta cladding for a number of his buildings, starting with two projects in Paris: the IRCAM building (a European institute for electro-acoustical music, finished in 1977) and the Rue de Meaux housing complex (1989-1991). Some other well known terracotta and curtain wall projects by Renzo are the Potsdamer Platz skyscraper in Berlin and the New York Times building in New York. Both use extruded ceramic pieces as sunshade elements, a.k.a baguettes. The approach in London is more complex, since terracotta has been selected here both for the front and the back elements of the facade.

st. giles high street (2010)_ london_renzo piano

renzo piano is an architect that advocates the use of terracota and ceramics in architectural design

AA

PROJECT

British Museum

st. giles high street (2010)_ london_renzo piano

134,000 green, orange, lime and yellow glazed terracotta tiles cover the façades in 13 irregularly oriented vertical panels on the external perimeter.

_There are 18 different terracotta extrusion profiles in six different colours. _The extrusions are pressed from a highly sophisticated mix of different types of clay, subsequently dried for several days, and then burned at high temperature for around 24 hours. _After being cut to size, the ceramic material is dipped and the pieces are burnt a second time.

The façades are hung on an internal chassis carrier system (a similar system is in use in another Piano development on Berlin's Potsdamer Platz).The façades are expected to be effectively self-cleaning and immune to fading. The colours of the façades are evoked in the design of many of the development's interior fittings, such as lift-door reveals, handrails and lift displays.

The ceramic elements on the building, fabricated by NBK in Germany, were mounted on facade units produced by Schneider Fassadenbau at their factory in Wroclaw, Poland. Schneider had some previous experience with combined terracotta and glass-aluminium unitized systems.

NBK and Schneider worked together a set of detail connections between the terracotta profiles and the aluminium elements behind them.

Terracotta profiles completely cover the unit outside face, so that the curtain wall looks like an opaque facade punched by windows (fix units at the offices, opening vents at the housing).

The inside face of the panels is clad with white painted aluminium profiles and sheets, no ceramic being present at this side.

52 storeys and 1,046 ft (319m) high, The New York Times Building is one of New York's greenest skyscrapers. It has a co-generation plant that supplies 40% of the power requirements for the Times Company and its advanced daylight optimisation system produces overall Times Company energy savings of 30%.

Maximum transparency made possible with curtain wall facade + brise soleil ‘suncoat’ _ ceramics_burnt earth hanging in the sky

new york times_ NYC_renzo piano

new york times_ NYC_renzo piano

new york times_ NYC_renzo piano

a. glazed ceramic tubes with internal aluminum connectionb. painted aluminum vertical strutc. painted aluminum horizontal strutd. steel suspension rode. low-iron insulating glass w, low-e coatingf. painted extruded aluminum unit frameg. painted aluminum spandrel panelh. automated internal shadei. raised floor over concrete slab on deckj. suspended ceiling

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new york times_ NYC_renzo piano

The complexity comes from the skin, the surface of the building actually vibrating, working with the weather,” Renzo Piano, the architect, said in 2001.

Likening it to a “fabric of ceramic,” he called the screens a “suncoat” — as opposed to a raincoat — that would cut the transmission of light and heat into the interior, thereby permitting the use of clear, rather than tinted, glass.

Ceramic rods had to pass test of structure_water absorption_frost resistance (the client noticed the use of ceramic rods being used as rollers in a kiln for the manufacture of sewer pipes_final design was an adaption of these rollers). Ceramics made from high grade aluminum silicate.

The exterior ceramic rods work with the building's large glass window panes and photosensor-controlled interior blinds to improve efficiency in a variety of areas.

Designed with help from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the thin ceramic tubes actually help reduce the building's cooling (energy) loads, while the automated roller-shades help manage potential glare problems, and maximize the opportunity for daylight and views

The glazed facade of the tower has a brise soleil

186,000 ceramic rods which link in with a dimmable lighting system.

Brise-soleil made of horizontal rods to project 18 inches from the curtain wallEach rod is 1 5/8 inches in diameter,

The slenderness of the ceramic rods and their spacing brings glimpses of the city right into the office space while cutting heat load 30 percent and energy costs 13 percentEach rod measures 4 feet 10 inches; there is a total of 894,000 feet of ceramic tubing on the exterior of the building. That is the approximate distance from New York City to Providence, R.I.

In those areas where there are no rods, a subtle ceramic frit pattern was applied.

One example_Alumco Glass silk-screened ceramic frit glasses for architectural and commercial use. The process involves screen printing ceramic frit paint onto the glass and fusing it onto the surface during the toughening or heat strengthening process. The result is a tough decorative glass.

Full Ceramic frit is a roller coated glass with a solid colour.

Design Ceramic frit is screen printed glass with a pattern or design

MATERIAL MATTERS_Carbon-Based Materials

Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer

Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer or carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP or CRP or often simply carbon fiber), is an extremely strong and light.

Although carbon fiber can be relatively expensive, it has many applications in aerospace and automotive fields. The compound is also used in sailboats, modern bicycles, and motorcycles.

The high cost of carbon fiber is mitigated by the material's unsurpassed strength-to-weight ratio, and low weight is essential for high-performance automobile racing.

Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) has over the past two decades become an increasingly notable material used in structural engineering applications _ Its tensile strength is more than 10 times mild steel.

Peter Testa _ Carbon Tower

The Carbon Tower Prototype is a 40-story mixed-use high-rise _ studies conducted by Arup suggest that, if built, the tower would the lightest and strongest building of its type.

Peter Testa is Principal-in-Charge of Design at TESTA/WEISER and founding director of the MIT Emergent Design Group (EDG). At TESTA/WEISER he leads a wide range of projects including the Carbon Tower, recognized as one of the most significant applications of advanced composite materials and robotics in architecture.

Since 2004 he has been a member of the SCI-Arc Graduate and Post-Graduate Design Faculty teaching XLAB advanced design studios and seminars.

The project is a prototype 40-story skyscraper made entirely of composite materials, mostly carbon fiber.

Such man-made composites, which also include better-known materials like fiberglass and Kevlar, are increasingly used in industry and for consumer goods—in everything from airplane fuselages to tennis rackets—because they are strong, lightweight, and easily molded into an almost endless variety of shapes.

In tension, carbon fiber is five times stronger than steel—their use in buildings has been rare. Testa, though, is convinced that composites will radically transform architecture during the next decade or two.

His carbon skyscraper, which he likes to describe as a “woven building,” is designed to be not just less muscle-bound than the skyscrapers in which Americans work today but also more beautiful, environmentally friendly, and cheap to build.

Testa’s carbon tower is the product of ongoing research in computer-aided engineering and material science _

The basic form > cylindrical building 40 stories high by 40 carbon-fiber strands, about 1 inch wide and nearly 650 feet long, that are arrayed in a crosshatch, pattern.

Filling in the structure between floors is an advanced glass substitute (at least Testa’s current favorite is ETFE, a kind of transparent foil). A pair of ramps on the exterior of the building offers circulation and further stabilizes the structure.

Spiral ramps (above) offer both emergency egress and lateral bracing. As this section illustrates, the interior space is open, allowing for displacement ventilation throughout the building, which minimizes energy consumption. A lightweight ETFE membrane replaces the traditional curtain wall.

The BMW Guggenheim Lab is the first building designed with a structural framework composed of carbon fiber.

BMW Guggenheim Lab_Atelier BOW-WOW

BMW Guggenheim Lab_Atelier BOW-WOW

Lightweight and compact, with a structural skeleton built of carbon fiber, the mobile structure for the first cycle of the BMW Guggenheim Lab has been designed by the Tokyo architecture firm Atelier Bow-Wow as a “traveling toolbox.”

The structure’s lower half is a present-day version of the Mediterranean loggia, an open space that can easily be configured to accommodate the Lab’s various programs.

The upper part of the structure houses a flexible rigging system and is wrapped in a semitransparent mesh.

Through this external skin, visitors are able to catch glimpses of the extensive apparatus of “tools” that may be lowered or raised from the canopy according to the Lab’s programming needs...

transforming the ground space into a formal lecture setting, a stage for a celebratory gathering, or a workshop with tables for hands-on experiments.

BMW Guggenheim Lab_Atelier BOW-WOW

BMW Guggenheim Lab_Atelier BOW-WOW

BMW Guggenheim Lab_Atelier BOW-WOW

BMW Guggenheim Lab_Atelier BOW-WOW

BMW Guggenheim Lab_Atelier BOW-WOW

Weighing in at just 14lbs., the truss is light enough for a six year old child to lift and carry! Made completely of Dragonplate carbon fiber materials, these types of light-weight structures are highly portable and versatile.

Dragon Plate Carbon Fiber Materials

Material Specifications

Carbon Fiber I-Beam DragonPlate carbon fiber I-beams are extremely strong in bending and shear loading. The combination of uni-directional and 0°/90° plain weave on the top and bottom flanges give the I-beam its high bending strength. Utilizing a 45° orientation in the webbing allows the I-beam to have exceptional shear strength, as well as properly transmitting loads between the top and bottom flanges. Dragon-Plate's I-beam construction allows for an extremely thin, lightweight I-beam to obtain the same effect as a thicker, heavier pultruded I-beam. Carbon fiber I-beams can offer similar properties in bending and shear as sandwich panels with the same thickness, but without the added weight from unnecessary core material. Textured finish on the top and bottom of I-beams make for bonding to thin panels to create an extremely stiff and strong structure.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Properties of Carbon Fiber Tensile Strength: 512 ksi Modulus of Elasticity: 33.4 msi Properties of UNI Fiber Tensile Strength: 640 ksi Modulus of Elasticity: 34 msi Resin Epoxy resin that accounts for approximately 50% of the composition Lay Up Schedule Web: 2 layers of ±45° plain weave CF Flanges: 2 layers of ±45° plain weave CF, 0° uni-directional CF, 0°/90° plain weave CF

Additional Options x� Custom Lengths x� Custom Flange Lengths x� Custom Web Lengths x� Custom Thicknesses x� CNC Machining x� Design and Engineering Services

DragonPlate.com · 321 Route 5 West · Elbridge, New York 13060 · ph. 315-252-2559 · fax 315-252-0502 · service@dragonplate.com

.com

Wƒ § 50%

STANDARD SIZES J T H W WEIGHT (lbs/ft) 1” 0.038” ± 0.015” 1.08” ± 0.015” 0.75” +0.125”/-0 0.06 2” 0.038” ± 0.015” 2.09” ± 0.015” 1.50” +0.125”/-0 0.11 Lengths: 48” or 24” (-0, +.25) Finish: Web: Matte Flanges: Matte Inside Textured Top/Bottom

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Dragon Plate Carbon Fiber Materials

Delta7 manufactures unique and ultra-light carbon fiber frame bikes using IsoTruss® grid structures to offer a lightweight and efficient alternative to traditional wood, steel, aluminum and composite structures.

The three-dimensional, yet relatively simple geometry of IsoTruss® grid structure provides substantial resistance to local and global column buckling, while lending itself to cost effective fabrication using batch or automated continuous manufacturing techniques.

IsoTruss extrapolates the traditional 2-D triangle based truss to a 3-D truss made up of pyramids formed by isosceles triangles.

IsoTruss _ Delta 7 Manufacturers

C-GRID is a patented carbon-fiber grid reinforcing technology and can be used in place of or with steel mesh and light rebar including composite bar.

It’s made by bonding ultra-high-strength carbon tows with an epoxy resin to improve durability, enhance structural performance, and reduce weight.

The product is noncorrosive and provides excellent crack control properties. Carbon fiber can be placed near the finished surface to optimize structural tension properties and minimize crack spread and crack width.

C-GRID® can be used in place of, or along with steel mesh and light rebar. Unlike steel, carbon grid can be placed just below the finished surface eliminating the concrete cover requirement.

By contrast, several inches of concrete would be required to protect steel mesh from corrosion and to prevent rust stains from bleeding through to the finished surface.

Carbon Fiber Grid _ Reinforcement

The problem of corrosion in precast concrete is often attributed to the steel rebar reinforcement; steel being a corrodible material, it is especially vulnerable during the curing and drying process, when it is locked into an environment that is very wet.

AltusGroup, a national organization composed of 13 precast companies, and Chomarat, a producer of carbon fiber grids, answered by replacing the steel rebar in concrete with a carbon fiber grid.

The grid is thinner and lighter than the steel, and it requires less concrete to cover it. The result: thinner, lighter panels (up to 75 percent lighter architectural wall panels) and increased insulation, because the carbon fiber doesn't conduct heat or cold. This new material already has been used in architectural and insulated sandwich wall panels.

Carbon Fiber Grid _ Reinforcement

MATERIAL MATTERS_POLYMERS_Plastics/Polycarbonate/ETFE

POLYMER _

Natural polymeric materials > shellac, amber, wool, silk and natural rubber A variety of other natural polymers exist, such as cellulose, which is the main constituent of wood and paper.

The list of synthetic polymers includes synthetic rubber, Bakelite, neoprene, nylon, PVC, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, PVB, silicone, and many more.

Cellophane House_ kieran timberlake associates http://kierantimberlake.com/home/index.html

smartwrap: the mass customizable print façade, 2003 + cellophane house kieran timberlake associates

Book >

Refabricating Architecture: How Manufacturing Methodologies are Poised to Transform Building Construction, 2003

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Smartwrap is the building envelope of the future: it is made up of several layers - including a substrate, printed and laminated layers - all of which are roll-coated into a single composite film. together, they have the capacity of providing shelter, climate control, lighting and information display, and power.

smartwrap _ super-thin, printed, performative skin SmartWrap weighs approximately 1/100 as much as the masonry wall.

The working prototype of SmartWrap that was displayed in the pavilion is a wall of film made up of the thermoplastic polymers (PET), phase change materials (PCMs), glass LEDs, thin-film photovoltaics, and simulated batteries, wired by silk-screened silver conducting ink.

This is combined with a second layer of PET with aerogel pockets separated by an entrapped air barrier.

The effective thermal resistance (insulating value) of the working prototype is about the same as a conventional concrete block and brick bearing wall.

cellophane house: kieran timberlake associates

Home Delivery/MOMA, NYC/2008

cellophane house: kieran timberlake associates

Kullman Buildings Corp.; F.J. Sciame Construction Co., Inc.; CVM Engineers; Budco Enterprises, Inc.; Arup; Arup Lighting; Schüco USA; Philips Solid-State Lighting Solutions; Bosch Rexroth distributed by Airline Hydraulics Corporation; Sky King Skylights; 3form; DuPont Teijin Films; PowerFilm; Valcucine; 3M Window FilmsTM PR 70 Prestige Series; Miele; Duravit; AF New York; Universal Services Associates, Inc.; Capital Plastics Company, Inc.; Craftweld Fabrication Company Inc.; A&B / McKeon Glass, Inc.; Czarnowski; Total Plastics, Inc.; Maspeth Welding, Inc.; Burgess Steel; JE Berkowitz, LP and Oldcastle; CPI Daylighting, Inc.; Greenheck, distributed by Del Ren Associates; ICI Paints; Burnett Products Company, Inc.

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Media TIC, Barcelona_Cloud 9

Promoters Architecture Project ManagerTechnical DirectionInstalationsStructure

ENRIC RUIZ GELIpgigrup

CREDITS

Promotors of the buildingEL CONSORCIde la ZONA FRANCA

Principal ArchitectENRIC RUIZ GELI, CLOUD 9

StructureBOMA S.L., AGUSTÍ OBIOL

InstallationsPGIGrup, DAVID TUSSET

Technical DirectionTécnics-G3, J.M. FORTEZA

Project ManagerCAST, ÀNGEL ROTEA

MOST RELEVANT DATA

. 3.572 M2 PLOT AREA

. 23.104 M2 CONSTRUCTED AREA

. 20.791.486 Euros BUDGET

. 27 MILIONS Euros INVESTMENT FROM THE CONSORCI

. JANUARY 2009: COMPLETE DATE

. 2.500 M2 ETFE FAÇADE

. 20 % ENERGY SAVINGS WITH ETFE SOLAR FILTERS

. 42 POINTS OF A MAXIMUM 57 POINTS ACCORDING TO THE DECREE ONENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA AND ENERGY ECO-EFFICIENCY FOR BUILDINGS

. AUDITORIUM FOR 300 PEOPLE

. 201 PARKING SPACES; 26 MOTORBIKES SPACES; 4 DISABLED PARKING SPACES

. 2.418 PEOPLE: MAXIMUM OCCUPANCY

. 2 ACCESSIBLE FAÇADES

Media TIC, Barcelona_Cloud 9

MEDIA-TICINDEXPoble Nou :Post Industrial Architecture

The Digital Pedrera

ETFE : MonomaterialEnergy Eco-efficiency

Performative Architecture :Nitrogen Uniform

Now, in the Information era, architecture has to be atechnological platform, in which bits, connectivity, newmaterials, and nanotechnology are important... .

Connections are more important than materials. We areliving in an electronic, immaterial world, in which what isimportant is the design of the network, not its physical size.

The CLOUD 9 MEDIA-TIC project is a digital architecture,constructed using CAD-CAM digital processes. .

The façade of the MEDIA-TIC does not represent industrial,series construction, instead it evolves and represents digitalconstruction, the construction of information. It is acontemporary building that allows for the construction ofa very complex façade. We are creating “The Digital Pedrera”at 22@Barcelona.

Sancho D´Ávila façade

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Media TIC, Barcelona_Cloud 9_ Enric Ruiz Geli

Digital Pedrera

Furthermore, it is anti-adherent, which prevents it becomingdirty and requiring cleaning maintenance. At the same time,it does not lose its characteristics of elasticity, transparencyor strength over time. ETFE cladding is inflatable, with up to three air chambers.This not only improves thermal insulation, but also makesit possible to create shade by means of the pneumaticsystem. The first layer is transparent, the second (middle)andthird layers have a reverse pattern design which, wheninflated and joined together, create shade, or in other wordsa single opaque layer. When the second and third layers arejoined, creating shade, the inflatable section only has oneair chamber. This is the DIAPHRAGM configuration. .

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Solar Protection is necessary in order to achieve an eco-efficient building. 2,500m2 of ETFE cladding, the MEDIA-TIC building will enable energy savings of 20% ETFE is a hybrid material (Ethylene Tetra Fluoro Ethylene) with very special characteristics_self-cleaning (Teflon) super thin, super light, self-extinguishing material, printable surface, can be fabricated as pillows inflated with air + other gases (nitrogen).

Media TIC, Barcelona_Cloud 9

Media TIC, Barcelona_Cloud 9

Media TIC, Barcelona_Cloud 9

Media TIC, Barcelona_Cloud 9

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Media TIC, Barcelona_Cloud 9

Media TIC, Barcelona_Cloud 9

Media TIC, Barcelona_Cloud 9

Media TIC, Barcelona_Cloud 9

NITROGEN FOG_ PERFORMATIVE ARCHITECTURE

ETFE cladding is used for the south-west-facing façade, which is exposed to six hours of sunlight daily. A different application of ETFE is used, it is known as the 'lenticular' solution – where two layers of the plastic are inflated and filled with nitrogen. In this method, the air density of the particles creates a cloud-like solar filter.

Media TIC, Barcelona_Cloud 9

MATERIAL MATTERS_METALS

deYoung Museum_Herzog deMeuron_2005

Golden Gate Parkde Young Museum

deYoung Museum_Herzog deMeuron_2005

deYoung Museum_Herzog deMeuron

deYoung Museum_Herzog deMeuron

deYoung Museum_Herzog deMeuron

Herzog & de Meuron developed the idea of a variably perforated screen exterior which would mirror the green foliage and forestry of the surrounding Golden Gate Park, San Francisco's central park.

The architects worked with Zahner whose engineers and software specialists developed a system which would allow unique perforation and patterned dimples, variably sized and placed thoughout the exterior.

This included over 8000 unique panels whose collective whole formed the pattern of light through trees - literally. This was the first iteration of the Zahner Interpretive Relational Algorithmic Process, or the ZIRA™ Process.

deYoung Museum_Herzog deMeuron

The architects came up with a photo taken pointed up through the trees, and in several parts of the museum, light filters through the perforated system of holes, revealing shadows similar in shape and form to those of actual trees. The ZIRA™ Process streamlined this complex series of variable holes in the copper, allowing engineers to run chosen imagery through the algorithmic system, translating it to the thousands of copper plates. At the time, this mosaic algorithmic process was emerging, it was unheard of in the world of architecture _ Zahner hired software developers and engineers to assist in this technological advancement.

Above left, the surface of the 'Children's Entry' was created using imagery from a photograph provided by the architects (right). The vantage point of the photograph looks up into a sky obscured by trees.

Herzog + deMeuron originally called for a light golden-hued appearance for the museum

L. William Zahner (fabricator) ensured that over time the copper would transition from it's bright golden red, to a dark brown, to a black, and finally, it would slowly emerge into earthy greens in order for the museum to blend in it’s forested surroundings...

deYoung Museum_Herzog deMeuron

deYoung Museum_Herzog deMeuron

deYoung Museum_Herzog deMeuron

deYoung Museum_Herzog deMeuron

deYoung Museum_Herzog deMeuron_2005

deYoung Museum_Herzog deMeuron

deYoung Museum_Herzog deMeuron

deYoung Museum_Herzog deMeuron

deYoung Museum_Herzog deMeuron

deYoung Museum_Herzog deMeuron

deYoung Museum_Herzog deMeuron

deYoung Museum_Herzog deMeuron

deYoung Museum_Herzog deMeuron

deYoung Museum_Herzog deMeuron

deYoung Museum_Herzog deMeuron

deYoung Museum_Herzog deMeuron

deYoung Museum_Herzog deMeuron

deYoung Museum_Herzog deMeuron

Note: Trapezoidal Panels on Tower

Panels > 12’ x 2.5’ rectangular panels130,000 sq.ft. of copper

SF Federal Building_Morphosis

SF Federal Building_Morphosis

SF Federal Building_Morphosis

On the naturally ventilated floors, a computerized system known as the building automated system (BAS) , opens and closes windows, vents and sunscreens in response to temperature within the building as well as external environmental conditions. At the southeast elevation, a perforated metal sunscreen protects the glass facade from excess solar heat gain; at the northwest elevation, a series of fixed vertical fins in translucent glass are attached to an exterior catwalk, breaking the sun’s path to shade the glass.

SF Federal Building_Morphosis

SF Federal Building_Morphosis

SF Federal Building_Morphosis

SF Federal Building_Morphosis

Alabama Metal Industries Corporation

Diamond Perforated Metals > Provided Perforated Metal for South Facade

Founded in Los Angeles in 1956, Diamond Perforated Metals, Inc. was the first major manufacturer of Perforated Metals on the West Coast of the USA

Perforations: from simple rounds, squares, slots, hexagons, to the more elaborate textured, embossed and even image transfer perforating

Sheets or coils are fed into the perforating press. All scrap generated from the punching process is recycled.

Most malleable materials can be perforated with mild steel, aluminium and stainless steel being the most common. However, more fashionable, precious metals such as brass, copper, gold and even platinum or titanium can all be turned into perforated metal.

AMICO products can be anodized, powder coated or galvanized to help protect and add color to our base materials.

Amico_New Museum_NYC_SAANA

SF Federal Building_Morphosis

During the night, the BAS opens the windows to flush out heat build-up and allows the nighttime air to cool the building's concrete interior. Throughout the day the thermal mass of the exposed

concrete columns, shear walls and wave-form ceilings help cool the occupants of the building.

SF Federal Building_Morphosis

SF Federal Building_Morphosis

SF Federal Building_Morphosis

Phare Tower_Morphosis

Phare Tower_Morphosis

Phare Tower_Morphosis

Part of the redevelopment of Paris' La Defense commercial district, the 1,000 foot tall 68 storey office building (just a little less than the Eiffel Tower), is slated for completion in 2015. The design features a 200 foot tall atrium, wind turbines and a high-performance double skin - designed to minimize solar overheating.

Phare Tower_Morphosis

Phare Tower_Morphosis

Phare Tower_Morphosis

the building will appear to have a web-like skin, draped over its organically shaped undulating form, with the gauze effect of a hairnet. On closer inspection the forms will appear more vibrant with massive crisscrossing steel beams supporting a perforated metal surface.

Phare Tower_Morphosis

Phare Tower_Morphosis

The tower will employ a secondary skin as a passive sunscreen layer, though not through a conventional double glazed façade.Tim Christ, the principal for Morphosis on the Phare Tower project, said that component is sti l l in the research phase. “It ’s what we call a high per formance exterior envelope.” The intention is to take as much of the solar gain of f the glass and sti l l preserve all of the views to the exterior. The metallic skin will act as a sunscreen on the south, east and west elevations.

Phare Tower_Morphosis

Phare Tower_Morphosis

Phare Tower_Morphosis

The complex structure and skin adapt to the tower’s nonstandard form while simultaneously responding to a range of complex, and often competing, physical and environmental considerations. Technologies integrated into the Phare Tower capture the wind for the production of energy and selectively minimize solar gain while maximizing glare-free daylight. Its high-performance skin transforms with changes in light, becoming opaque, translucent, or transparent from different angles and vantage points.

Phare Tower_Morphosis

Mayne says it will be, “a prototype for a green building with a wind farm generating its own heating and cooling for five months of the year and a movable ‘double skin’ to cut the heat from direct sunlight…”

A visually distinctive wind farm crowns the tower and provides clean, alternative energy to power the fans that activate the building’s natural ventilation system. This fully self-sufficient system will cool the building for half of the year without using any outside energy sources or any supplemental heating or cooling. A metaphorical garden in the sky, this crown of wind turbines harvests energy and provides a powerful symbol of committed environmental stewardship.

Phare Tower_Morphosis

The team is experimenting with a number of exterior shading devices, including per forated metal screens, to balance how much daylight they allow into the space without contr ibuting to the heat-load; the most l ikely candidate is a woven stainless-steel product produced in Germany on large looms.

Phare Tower_Morphosis

Traditionally, for optimal sun shading, brise soleil louvers are angled perpendicular to the direction of the sun’s path, as calculated on the summer solstice. Yet the complexity of the tower’s curving east-, west-, and south-facing facades, combined with the diagonal orientation of the panels, requires a unique angle for each of the f ive thousand stainless steel mesh panels to achieve optimal sun shading.

Phare Tower_Morphosis

The team is experimenting with a number of exterior shading devices, including per forated metal screens, to balance how much daylight they allow into the space without contr ibuting to the heat-load; the most l ikely candidate is a woven stainless-steel product produced in Germany on large looms.

Phare Tower_Morphosis

A curvilinear second skin of diagonal stainless steel mesh panels wraps the tower’s continuous south, east, and west glazed façades to minimize heat gain and glare and maximize energy efficiency.

Phare Tower_Morphosis

Both the form and the orientation of the building respond to the path of the sun; the south façade’s curvilinear double skin minimizes heat gain and glare, while the flat, clear-glazed north façade maximizes interior exposures to year-round natural daylight.

A brise soleil wraps the tower’s continuous South, East, and West glazed façades.

This double-membrane façade system improves both energy efficiency and worker comfort, by reducing the solar heat gain and minimizing glare, while maintaining panoramic views and affording natural light to the office spaces.

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