Prepared By Mr. Hajare .K.P

MATERIALS HANDLING

Materials handling is the art and science of moving,

packing and storing of substances in any form.

Materials Handling

Function of production control Concerned with scheduling of production control Material Handling adds value to product cost Material Handling increases effectiveness of in

plant layout by reducing the cost

Importance of Material Handling

To Lowers unit materials handling cost To reduce manufacturing cycle time To provide better control of the flow of materials To provide better working conditions To provide Contribution for better quality by

avoiding damages to products To Increase storage capacity To provide higher productivity at lower

manufacturing costs

Objectives of Materials Handling

Material should be moved as little as possible Reduction in time by using shortest routers and

mechanical material handling equipment The material movement should be in lots rather

than in individual units Design of material handling equipment should

be such that it can increase the effectiveness Gravity should be used Rehandling and back tracking of materials

should be avoided Periodically Repairing ,Maintaince & Checkup

of existing material handling equipments

Material Handling Principles

1. Manually operated equipments(non-powered).2. Conveyors.3. Industrial Trucks, tractors and trailers4. Cranes and Hoists.5. Automated Guided Vehicles.

Types of Materials Handling Equipment

a) Hand wheel barrow.

These are used for movement of material within stores or shop. It is used by two or more Workers for carrying load.

1. Manually operated equipments.

It consist of steel frame mounted on two wheels.

It is useful for

carrying goods packed in sacks.

It can be designed for carrying specific goods.

b) Two wheel Truck

Hand trolleys consist of metal structure supported on three or four wheels.

They may either open type or close type.

c) Hand trolleys.

These trucks are used to carry loose parts.

They are made up of wooden or steel structure.

d) Sliding wheel trucks.

It is the fixed type material handling system used for movement of material continuously or intermittently between two fixed points.

The movement can be in horizontal or vertical direction.

Conveyor have relatively fixed path.

They are used in continuous production system.

2. Conveyors

a) Belt Conveyor b) Roller Conveyor c) Bucket Conveyord) Vibrating Conveyore) Chain Conveyor f) Screw Conveyor

Types of Conveyor

Belt conveyors are flexible and can be designed to handle anything.

Belt conveyor are used to carry objects over short as well as long distance. The flow may be upward or downward.

Generally rubber, lather, steel, fabric or woven wires nylon material are used for belts.

a) Belt Conveyor

Roller conveyor are flat, circular or spiral.

They are driven through gravity.

Material having flat bottom or boxes or pallets are moved on these conveyor.

In the horizontal position roller conveyor can be powered types.

b) Roller Conveyor

These conveyor are arranged to operate either vertically or inclined with the buckets set at regular intervals or pitch.

These are used for movement of granular, powdered or liquid materials.

c) Bucket Conveyor

These type of conveyor can be fitted with a metal or plastic though, which may have a top cover or may be in the form of a tube.

The action of vibrating conveyor is gentle, only the through being in contact with the material.

d) Vibrating Conveyor

Chain conveyors utilize a powered continuous chain arrangement, carrying a series of single pendants. The chain arrangement is driven by a motor, and the material suspended on the pendants are conveyed. Chain conveyors are used for moving products down an assembly line and/or around a manufacturing or warehousing facility.

e) Chain Conveyor

These conveyors are composed of screw or worm, in the form of helix rotating in a trough or tube.

The material being moved by the action of the screw.

f) Screw Conveyor

These are generally powered vehicles capable of transporting material and worker in a horizontal direction.

Trucks are two, three or four wheelers used to carry and more heavy loads. They can move anywhere in the factory on the travelling surfaces.

Forklift truck is widely used by industry. It has fork attached to column of the truck.

3. Industrial Trucks, tractors and trailers

Fork carries the boxes of pallets, The fork can be used for loading unloading, and transporting the material, suitable for short distance of 50 to 75 meters. Fig shows Forklift Truck

Tractors perform same role as trucks trailers are attached to the tractor. Trailer containing material has more carrying capacity. Fig shows industrial truck.

Cranes – Cranes are just somewhat like powered conveyers once installed they are somewhat inflexible can not be moved or relocated easily.

Cranes are used in heavy engineering works like steel plant, forging, casting industry.

Types of cranes a) Bridge Crane b) Jib crane c) Gantry crane

4. Cranes and Hoists.

Bridge cranes are used for lifting, for lowering and for transporting material in a rectangular area.

They have capacity to carry loads from 5 tons to more than 50 tons.

a) Bridge Crane

These cranes are extremely useful for the workstations arrangements and in small workshops.

b) Jib crane

These type of crane is used both indoors and outdoors with a wide variety of applications including manufacturing service and dockside use. They are on wheels and can be moved to the place of use.

c) Gantry crane

A hoist is a device used for lifting or lowering a load by means of a drum or lift-wheel around which rope or chain wraps.

It may be manually operated, electrically or pneumatically driven and may use chain, fiber or wire rope as its lifting medium.

The load is attached to the hoist by means of a lifting hook.

Hoist

The pipeline is a system of interconnected pipes for the transportation of liquid, gases and slurries. slurries are semi liquid in which fine solid particles suspended in it.

Most of the liquids and semi-liquids are conveyed through pipes using suitable pumps. Valve and other control device are used to control the flow.

Pipeline may be used for short as well as long distance. They are made from steel, cast iron, aluminum, concrete or plastic.

Pipe :

a) Type and material to be handled.b) Nature and type of plant.c) Type of plant layoutd) Material flow pattern.e) Type of production method.f) Installation and operating cost.g) Safety and reliability of handling system.h) Distance to travelled by the material.

Selection of material handling system and devices

AGV is the programmed vehicle, used to carry load from one location to another in an automated work place.

An AGV is the driverless vehicle, which is able to select its own route or path to reach the destination.

No human intervention is needed for the quidence, steering or control of the vehicles.

An off-board controller is used to send dispatcher command for identification of the load and, other instructions related to loading and unloading of the load.

5. Automated Guided Vehicles.

a) Wire Guided AGVs

b) AGVs having Optical / chemical / Magnetic guide path.

c) Dead Reckoning AGVs

d) Free Ranging AGVs

Types of AGV Systems