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ESP: APPROACH NOT PRODUCT

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On the previous meeting the sentences shows that in its

relatively brief history there have been several major shifts in the

development of ESP both in theory and practice.

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However we have tried too show that, in spite of their differences, the

successive stages have all concentrasted on the linguistic

aspect of ESP: they are all essentially language-centred

approachs.


What is ESP ?

To answer this questions fully, we need first of all to establish a

context which will help us to see how ESP at the present time

relates to the rest of ELT


The branches of ESP

English for Academic purpose

English for occupational purpose.

English vocational purposes

Vocational English as a second language


At the next level down it is possible to distinguish ESP courses by the

general nature of the learners’ specialism. Three large categories

are usually identified.


Appearance !

Learning communication

English language teaching

- English as mother tongue

- English as a second language

- English as a Foreign language


English as a foreign language

- general English [primary, secondary, adult]

- ESP [EST, EBE, ESS]


ESP is not a matter of teaching “specialized varietes” english. The

fact that language is used for a specific purpose does not imply that

is a special form of the language, different in kind from other forms.


Certainly, there are some features which can be identified as ‘typical’ of particularly context of use and

which, therefore, the learner is more likely to meet in the target situation. But these differences should not be

allowed to obscure the far larger area of common ground that

underlies all english use, and indeed all language use 4/3/2009 10file D:/brtish/britania/materi kuliah "Kampungtadris.wordpress.com"

ESP is not just a matter of Science words and grammar for scientists, Hotel words and grammar for hotel staff and so on. We need to distiguish, as Chomsky did with regard to grammar, between performance and competence, that is between what people actually do with the language and the range of knowledge and abilities which enables them to do it.


ESP is not different in kind from any other form of language teaching, in that it should be based in the first instance on principles of effective and efficient learning.

Thought the content of learning may vary there is no reason to suppose that the processes of learning should be any different for the ESP and GE


So what is ESP ?

ESP must be seen as an approach not as product. ESP is not a particular kind of language or methodology, nor it consist of particular type of teaching materials, which is based on learner need.


ESP, then, is an approach to language teaching in which all decisions as the content and method are based on the learner’s reasons for

learning


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