materi dasar php

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Outline

• What is PHP?

• History of PHP

• Why PHP ?

• What is PHP file?

• What you need to start using PHP ?

• Syntax PHP code .

• echo & print Statement

• Variables.

• Data Types.

• Constants &Operators.

• Conditional Statements & Loops.

What is PHP?

Personal Homepage Tools/Form Interpreter

PHP is a Server-side Scripting Language designed specifically for

the Web.

An open source language

PHP code can be embedded within an HTML page, which will

be executed each time that page is visited.

What is PHP? (cont’d)

• Interpreted language, scripts are parsed at run-time rather

than compiled beforehand

• Executed on the server-side

• Source-code not visible by client

• ‘View Source’ in browsers does not display the PHP code

• Various built-in functions allow for fast development

• Compatible with many popular databases

History of PHP

PHP (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994. It was initially developed for

HTTP usage logging and server-side form generation in Unix.

PHP 2 (1995) transformed the language into a Server-side embedded scripting language. Added database

support, file uploads, variables, arrays, recursive functions, conditionals, iteration, regular expressions, etc.

PHP 3 (1998) added support for ODBC data sources, multiple platform support, email protocols

(SNMP,IMAP), and new parser written by Zeev Suraski and Andi Gutmans .

PHP 4 (2000) became an independent component of the web server for added efficiency. The parser was

renamed the Zend Engine. Many security features were added.

PHP 5 (2004) adds Zend Engine II with object oriented programming, robust XML support using the libxml2

library, SOAP extension for interoperability with Web Services, SQLite has been bundled with PHP

Why PHP ?

• PHP runs on different platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, etc.)

• PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.)

• PHP has support for a wide range of databases

• PHP is free. Download it from the official PHP resource: www.php.net

• PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the server side

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What does PHP code look like?

• Structurally similar to C/C++

• Supports procedural and object-oriented

paradigm (to some degree)

What Can PHP Do?

PHP can generate dynamic page content

PHP can create, open, read, write, and close files on the server

PHP can collect form data

PHP can send and receive cookies

PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database

PHP can restrict users to access some pages on your website

PHP can encrypt data

With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. You can output images, PDF

files, and even Flash movies. You can also output any text, such as XHTML and

XML

What is a PHP File?

PHP files can contain text, HTML, JavaScript code,

and PHP code

PHP code are executed on the server, and the

result is returned to the browser as plain HTML

PHP files have a default file extension of ".php”

What you need to start using PHP ?

Installation

You will need

1. Web server ( Apache )

2. PHP ( version 5.3)

3. Database ( MySQL 5 )

4. Text editor (Notepad)

5. Web browser (Firefox )

6. www.php.net/manual/ en/install.php

Syntax PHP code

• A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the document.

• A PHP script starts with

<?php and ends with ?>

Syntax PHP code

• Standard Style :

<?php …… ?>

• Short Style:

<? … ?>

• Script Style:

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE=‘php’> </SCRIPT>

• ASP Style:

<% echo “Hello World!”; %>

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Echo

• The PHP command ‘echo’ is used to output the parameters

passed to it .

• The typical usage for this is to send data to the client’s web-

browser

• Syntax : void echo (string arg1 [, string argn...])

• In practice, arguments are not passed in parentheses since

echo is a language construct rather than an actual function

Echo - Example

• <?php

echo “ This my first statement in PHP language“;

• ?>

Print

• print is not actually a real function (it is a

language construct) so you are not required to

use parentheses with its argument list. <?php print("Hello World"); ?>

Echo Vs Print

Improve this chart Echo Print

Parameters: echo can take more than one parameter when

used without parentheses. The syntax is echo

expression [, expression[, expression] ... ]. Note

that echo ($arg1,$arg2) is invalid.

print only takes one parameter.

Return value: echo does not return any value print always returns 1 (integer)

Syntax: void echo ( string $arg1 [, string $... ] ) int print ( string $arg )

What is it?: In PHP, echo is not a function but a language

construct.

In PHP, print is not a really function but a

language construct. However, it behaves like a

function in that it returns a value.

Variables

• As with algebra, PHP variables can be used to hold values (x=5) or

expressions (z=x+y).

• Variable can have short names (like x and y) or more descriptive names

(age, carname, totalvolume).

• Rules for PHP variables:

• A variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of the variable

Variables

• A variable name must begin with a letter or the underscore character

• A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and

underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ )

• A variable name should not contain spaces

• Variable names are case sensitive ($y and $Y are two different variables)

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Variables

• Case-sensitive ($Foo != $foo != $fOo)

• Global and locally-scoped variables

• Global variables can be used anywhere

• Local variables restricted to a function or class

• Certain variable names reserved by PHP

• Form variables ($_POST, $_GET)

• Server variables ($_SERVER)

Creating (Declaring) Variables

<?php

$name = “ali”

echo( $name);

?>

Creating (Declaring) Variables

• PHP has no command for declaring a variable.

• A variable is created the moment you first assign a value to it:

• After the execution of the statements above, the variable txt will hold the

value Hello world!, and the variable xwill hold the value 5.

• Note: When you assign a text value to a variable, put quotes around the

value.

$txt="Hello world!"; $x=5;

Variables

<?php

$name = “ali”;

$age = 23;

echo “ My name is $name and I am $age years old”;

?>

PHP is a Loosely Typed Language

• In the example above, notice that we did not have to tell PHP which data

type the variable is.

• PHP automatically converts the variable to the correct data type,

depending on its value.

• In a strongly typed programming language, we will have to declare (define)

the type and name of the variable before using it.

Variables

<?php

$name = 'elijah';

$yearborn = 1975;

$currentyear = 2005;

$age = $currentyear - $yearborn;

echo ("$name is $age years old.");

?>

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Variables

<?php $name = “Ali"; // declaration ?>

<html>

<head> <title>A simple PHP document</title> </head>

<body style = "font-size: 2em">

 



Welcome to PHP, <?php echo( "$name" ); ?>!

 

</body>

</html>

PHP Variable Scopes

• The scope of a variable is the part of the script where the variable can be

referenced/used.

• PHP has four different variable scopes:

local

global

static

Parameter

- In chapter function we will talk about theme.

String Variables in PHP

• string variables are used for values that contain characters.

• After we have created a string variable we can manipulate it. A string can be used

directly in a function or it can be stored in a variable.

• In the example below, we create a string variable called txt, then we assign the text

"Hello world!" to it. Then we write the value of the txt variable to the output:

<?php $txt="Hello world!"; echo $txt; ?>

PHP strings can be specified in four ways

• Single quoted strings will display things almost completely "as is." Variables and most escape

sequences will not be interpreted. The exception is that to display a literal single quote, you

can escape it with a back slash \', and to display a back slash, you can escape it with another

backslash \\ (So yes, even single quoted strings are parsed).

<?php $txt = ‘my string ‘; echo $txt; // my string ?>

<?php $txt = ‘my string ‘; echo ‘$txt’; // $txt ?>


• Double quote strings will display a host of escaped characters (including some regexes), and

variables in the strings will be evaluated. An important point here is that you can use curly

braces to isolate the name of the variable you want evaluated. For example let's say you have

the variable $type and you what to echo "The $types are" That will look for the

variable $types. To get around this use echo "The {$type}s are" You can put the left brace

before or after the dollar sign. Take a look at string parsing to see how to use array variables

and such.

<?php $txt = “my string”; echo $txt; // my string ?>

<?php $txt = “my string “; echo “$txt”; // my string ?>


• Heredoc string syntax works like double quoted strings. It starts with <<<. After this operator,

an identifier is provided, then a newline. The string itself follows, and then the same

identifier again to close the quotation. You don't need to escape quotes in this syntax.

• Nowdoc (since PHP 5.3.0) string syntax works essentially like single quoted strings. The

difference is that not even single quotes or backslashes have to be escaped. A nowdoc is

identified with the same <<< sequence used for heredocs, but the identifier which follows is

enclosed in single quotes, e.g. <<<'EOT'. No parsing is done in nowdoc.

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• Heredoc

<?php $name='MyName'; echo <<<EOT My name is "$name". I am printing some A Now, I am printing some {A}. This should print a capital 'A': \x41 EOT; ?>

My name is "MyName". I am printing some A Now, I am printing some {A}. This should print a capital 'A': A


• Nowdoc <?php $name='MyName'; echo <<<'EOT' My name is "$name". I am printing some A Now, I am printing some {A}. This should print a capital 'A': \x41 EOT;

?>

My name is "$name". I am printing some A Now, I am printing some {A}. This should print a capital 'A': \x41

Single & Double Quotes

<?php

echo “ Hello world ”;

echo ‘ Hello world’;

?>

Single & Double Quotes

<?php

$word = ‘ World’;

echo “ Hello $word ”;

echo ‘ Hello $word ’;

?>

Comments in PHP

• // or # for single line

• /* */ for multiline

• /*

this is my comment one

this is my comment two

this is my comment three

*/

Whitespace

• You cant have any whitespace between <? and

php.

• You cant break apart keywords (e.g :whi le,func

tion,fo r)

• You cant break apart varible names and function

names (e.g:$var name,function f 2)

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The PHP Concatenation Operator

• here is only one string operator in PHP.

• The concatenation operator (.) is used to join two string values together.

• The example below shows how to concatenate two string variables together:

<?php $txt1="Hello!"; $txt2=" world !"; echo $txt1 . " " . $txt2; // Hello world ! ?>

The PHP Concatenation Operator

<?php

$string1=“Hello”;

$string2=“PHP”;

$string3=$string1 . “ ” . $string2;

Print $string3;

?>

Hello PHP

Escaping the Character

• If the string has a set of double quotation marks that must

remain visible, use the \ [backslash] before the quotation

marks to ignore and display them.

<?php

$heading="\"Computer Science\""." ";

$heading1=@"Computer Science";

echo $heading;

echo $heading1;

?>

"Computer Science" Computer Science

Example

• Notice how echo ‘5x5=$foo’ outputs $foo rather than replacing it with 25

• Strings in single quotes (‘ ’) are not interpreted or evaluated by PHP

• This is true for both variables and character escape-sequences (such as “\n” or “\\”)

<?php

$foo = 25; // Numerical variable

$bar = “Hello”; // String variable

echo $bar; // Outputs Hello

echo $foo,$bar; // Outputs 25Hello

echo “5x5=”,$foo; // Outputs 5x5=25

echo “5x5=$foo”; // Outputs 5x5=25

echo ‘5x5=$foo’; // Outputs 5x5=$foo

?>

Data type

Data type Description int,

integer Whole numbers (i.e., numbers without a decimal point).

float, double

Real numbers (i.e., numbers containing a decimal point).

string Text enclosed in either single ('') or double ("") quotes. bool,

Boolean True or false.

array Group of elements of the same type. object Group of associated data and methods.

Resource An external data source. NULL No value.

Get type

• gettype — Get the type of a variable

• Returns the type of the PHP variable var.

<?php $a = 1; $b = 1.2; $c = "abc"; echo gettype($a)." "; echo gettype($b)." "; echo gettype($c)." "; ?>

integer double string

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Set type

<?php

$foo = "5bar"; // string

$bar = true; // boolean

settype($foo, "integer"); // $foo is now 5 (integer)

settype($bar, "string"); // $bar is now "1" (string)

?>

Set type <?php

$testString = “10.2abc”;

// call function settype to convert variable

// testString to different data types

print( "$testString" );

settype( $testString, "double" );

print( " as a double is $testString " );

print( "$testString" );

settype( $testString, "integer" );

print( " as an integer is $testString " );

settype( $testString, "string" );

print( "Converting back to a string results in

$testString " );

?>

10.2abc as a double is 10.2 10.2 as an integer is 10 Converting back to a string results in 10

Casting Data type

<?php

$data = "98.6 degrees";

echo "Now using type casting instead: ";

echo "As a string - ".(string) $data ;

echo " As a double - ".(double) $data;

echo " As an integer - ".(integer) $data;

?>

Now using type casting instead: As a string - 98.6 degrees As a double - 98.6 As an integer - 98

Casting Data type

<?php

$data = "98.6 degrees";

echo "Now using type casting instead: ";

echo "As a string - ".(string) $data ;

echo " As a double - ".(double) $data;

echo " As an integer - ".(integer) $data;

?>

$variable = (datatype) $variable or value

Casting Data type

<?php

$a = “ 12.4 abc”

echo (int) $a;

echo (double) ($a);

echo (float) ($a);

echo (string) ($a);

?>

PHP Operators

• The assignment operator = is used to assign values to variables in PHP.

• The arithmetic operator + is used to add values together in PHP.

• Assignment operators Syntactical shortcuts

Before being assigned values, variables have value undef

• Constants Named values

define function

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PHP Operators

• Arithmetic Operators

• Assignment Operators

• Incrementing/Decrementing Operators

• Comparison Operators

• Logical Operators

Arithmetic Operators

Operator Name Description Example Result

x + y Addition Sum of x and y 2 + 2 4

x - y Subtraction Difference of x and y 5 - 2 3

x * y Multiplication Product of x and y 5 * 2 10

x / y Division Quotient of x and y 15 / 5 3

x % y Modulus Remainder of x divided by y 5 % 2 10 % 8 10 % 2

1 2 0

- x Negation Opposite of x - 2

a . b Concatenation Concatenate two strings "Hi" . "Ha" HiHa

Assignment Operators

Assignment Same as... Description

x = y x = y The left operand gets set to the value of the expression on the right

x += y x = x + y Addition

x -= y x = x - y Subtraction

x *= y x = x * y Multiplication

x /= y x = x / y Division

x %= y x = x % y Modulus

a .= b a = a . b Concatenate two strings

Arithmetic Operations

• $a - $b // subtraction

• $a * $b // multiplication

• $a / $b // division

• $a += 5 // $a = $a+5 Also works for *= and /=

<?php $a=15; $b=30; $total=$a+$b; echo $total;

echo“<h1>$total</h1>”;

// total is 45 ?>

Incrementing/Decrementing Operators

Operator Name Description

++ x Pre-increment Increments x by one, then returns x

x ++ Post-increment Returns x, then increments x by one

-- x Pre-decrement Decrements x by one, then returns x

x -- Post-decrement Returns x, then decrements x by one


<?php

$a =1; echo $a++; // output 1,$a is now equal to 2 echo ++$a; // output 3,$a is now equal to 3 echo --$a; // output 2,$a is now equal to 2 echo $a--; // output 2,$a is now equal to 1

?>

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<?php

$num1 = 10;

$num2 =20;

// addition

echo $num1+$mum2 . ‘ ’;

//subtraction

echo $num1 - $num2 . ‘ ’;

// multiplication

?>

Arithmetic Operations <?php

// Multiplication

echo $num1* $num2 . ‘ ’;

// Division

Echo $num1/num2 . ‘ ’ ;

//increment

$num1++;

$Num2--;

Echo $num1;

?>


<?php

$a =(int)(‘test’); // $a==0 echo ++$a;

?>

Dumps information about a variable

• This function displays structured information about one or more expressions that

includes its type and value. Arrays and objects are explored recursively with values

indented to show structure.

void var_dump ($expression [,... ] )

<?php $b = 3.1; $c = true; var_dump($b); var_dump($c); //or var_dump($b,$c); ?>

float 3.1 boolean true

Comparison Operators

Operator Name Description Example

x == y Equal True if x is equal to y 5==8 returns false

x === y Identical True if x is equal to y, and they are of same type

5==="5" returns false

x != y Not equal True if x is not equal to y 5!=8 returns true

x <> y Not equal True if x is not equal to y 5<>8 returns true

x !== y Not identical True if x is not equal to y, or they are not of same type

5!=="5" returns true

x > y Greater than True if x is greater than y 5>8 returns false

x < y Less than True if x is less than y 5<8 returns true

x >= y Greater than or equal to True if x is greater than or equal to y 5>=8 returns false

x <= y Less than or equal to True if x is less than or equal to y 5<=8 returns true

Comparison Operators

<?php

var_dump(0 == "a"); // 0 == 0 -> true

var_dump("1" != "01"); // 1 != 1 -> false

var_dump("10" == "1e1"); // 10 == 10 -> true

var_dump("10" == "1ee1"); // 10 == 1 -> false

var_dump(100 === "100"); // 100 == 100 -> false

var_dump("100" === "100"); // 100 == 100 -> true

?>

boolean true boolean false boolean true boolean false boolean false boolean true

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Logical Operators

Operator Name Description Example

x and y And True if both x and y are true x=6 y=3

(x < 10 and y > 1) returns true

x or y Or True if either or both x and y are true x=6 y=3

(x==6 or y==5) returns true

x xor y Xor True if either x or y is true, but not both x=6 y=3

(x==6 xor y==3) returns false

x && y And True if both x and y are true x=6 y=3

(x < 10 && y > 1) returns true

x || y Or True if either or both x and y are true x=6 y=3

(x==5 || y==5) returns false

! x Not True if x is not true x=6 y=3

!(x==y) returns true

Logical Operators

<?php

$a = (false && true);

$b = (true || false);

$c = (false and flase);

$d = (true or true);

$e = false || true;

$f = false or true;

var_dump($e, $f);

$g = true && false;

$h = true and false;

var_dump($g, $h);

?>

boolean true boolean false boolean false boolean true

Define function - constant VALUE

• Variable name as string : the name of variable in single or double quotation

.

<?php define(‘variable ’,10); echo variable ; //10 ?>

define( variable name as string , value );


<?php

$a = 5;

print( "The value of variable a is $a " );

// define constant VALUE

define( "VALUE", 5 );

// add constant VALUE to variable $a

$a = $a + VALUE;

print( "Variable a after adding constant VALUE

is $a " );


// multiply variable $a by 2

$a *= 2;

print( "Multiplying variable a by 2 yields $a " );

// test if variable $a is less than 50

if ( $a < 50 )

print( "Variable a is less than 50 " );

// add 40 to variable $a

$a += 40;

print( "Variable a after adding 40 is $a " );

// test if variable $a is 50 or less

if ( $a < 51 )

print( "Variable a is still 50 or less " );

// test if variable $a is between 50 and 100, inclusive

elseif ( $a < 101 )

print( "Variable a is now between 50 and 100, inclusive " );

else

print( "Variable a is now greater than 100 " );

// print an uninitialized variable

print( "Using a variable before initializing:

$nothing " );

// add constant VALUE to an uninitialized variable

$test = $num + VALUE;

print( "An uninitialized variable plus constant

VALUE yields $test " );

// add a string to an integer

$str = "3 dollars";

$a += $str;

print( "Adding a string to variable a yields $a

 " );

?>

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Referencing Operators

• We know the assignment operators work by value ,by copy the value to other

expression ,if the value in right hand change the value in left is not change .

• Ex:

<?php

$a =10;

$b =$a;

$b =20

Echo $a; // 10

?>

Referencing Operators

• But we can change the value of variable $a by the reference , that mena connect

right hand to left hand ,

• Example:

<?php

$a =10;

$b = &$a;

$b= 20;

echo $a; // 20

?>

PHP Conditional Statements

Very often when you write code, you want to perform different

actions for different decisions. You can use conditional statements in

your code to do this.

In PHP we have the following conditional statements:

if statement - executes some code only if a specified condition is true

if...else statement - executes some code if a condition is true and another code if

the condition is false

if...else if....else statement - selects one of several blocks of code to be executed

switch statement - selects one of many blocks of code to be executed

The if Statement

• The if statement is used to execute some code only if a specified condition is true.

<?php $t=5; if ($t<10) { echo "hello john"; } ?>

hello john

if (condition) { code to be executed if condition is true; }

The if...else Statement

• Use the if....else statement to execute some code if a condition is true and another

code if the condition is false.

if (condition) { code to be executed if condition is true; } else { code to be executed if condition is false; }

The if...else Statement

<?php $t=55; if ($t<20) { echo "Have a good day!"; } else { echo "Have a good night!"; } ?>

Have a good night!

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The if...else if....else Statement

• Use the if....else if...else statement to select one of several blocks of code to be

executed.

if (condition) { code to be executed if condition is true; } else if (condition) { code to be executed if condition is true; } else { code to be executed if condition is false; }

The if...else if....else Statement

<?php $t=7; if ($t<10) { echo "Have a good morning!"; } else if ($t<20) { echo "Have a good day!"; } else { echo "Have a good night!"; } ?>

Have a good morning!

The switch Statement

• Use the switch statement to select one of many blocks of code to be executed.

switch (n) { case label1: code to be executed if n=label1; break; case label2: code to be executed if n=label2; break; default: code to be executed if n is different from both label1 and label2; }

The switch Statement

<?php $favcolor="red"; switch ($favcolor) { case "red": echo "Your favorite color is red!"; break; case "blue": echo "Your favorite color is blue!"; break; case "green": echo "Your favorite color is green!"; break; default: echo "Your favorite color is neither red, blue, or green!"; }

?>

Your favorite color is red!

PHP Loops

• Loops execute a block of code a specified number of times, or while a specified

condition is true.

• In PHP, we have the following looping statements:

• while - loops through a block of code while a specified condition is true

• do...while - loops through a block of code once, and then repeats the loop as

long as a specified condition is true

• for - loops through a block of code a specified number of times

• foreach - loops through a block of code for each element in an array

The while Loop

• The while loop executes a block of code while a condition is true.

while (condition) { code to be executed; }

<?php $i=1; while($i<=5) { echo "The number is " . $i . " "; $i++; } ?>

The number is 1 The number is 2 The number is 3 The number is 4 The number is 5

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The do...while Statement

• The do...while statement will always execute the block of code once, it will then

check the condition, and repeat the loop while the condition is true.

do { code to be executed; } while (condition);

<?php $i=1; do { $i++; echo "The number is " . $i . " "; } while ($i<=5);

?>

The number is 2 The number is 3 The number is 4 The number is 5 The number is 6

The do...while Statement

<?php $i=1; do { $i++; echo "The number is " . $i . " "; } while ($i<=5); ?> The number is 2

The number is 3 The number is 4 The number is 5 The number is 6

The for Loop

• The for loop is used when you know in advance how many times the script should

run.

• Parameters:

• init: Mostly used to set a counter (but can be any code to be executed once at

the beginning of the loop)

for (init; condition; increment) { code to be executed; }

The for Loop

• condition: Evaluated for each loop iteration. If it evaluates to TRUE,

the loop continues. If it evaluates to FALSE, the loop ends.

• increment: Mostly used to increment a counter (but can be any code

to be executed at the end of the iteration)

• Note: The init and increment parameters above can be empty or

have multiple expressions (separated by commas).

The for Loop

<?php for ($i=1; $i<=5; $i++) { echo "The number is " . $i . " "; } ?> The number is 1

The number is 2 The number is 3 The number is 4 The number is 5

The foreach Loop

• The foreach loop is used to loop through arrays.

• We well talk about this in chapter array

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Isset Function

• bool isset ( $var )

• Determine if a variable is set and is not NULL.

• If a variable has been unset with unset(), it will no longer be set. isset() will

return FALSE if testing a variable that has been set to NULL. Also note that

a NULLbyte ("\0") is not equivalent to the PHP NULL constant.

• If multiple parameters are supplied then isset() will return TRUE only if all of the

parameters are set. Evaluation goes from left to right and stops as soon as an

unset variable is encountered.

Isset Function

<?php

$var = '';

// This will evaluate to TRUE so the text will be printed.

if (isset($var))

{

echo "This var is set so I will print.";

}

?>

Unset Function

• void unset ( $var)

• unset() destroys the specified variables.

• The behavior of unset() inside of a function can vary depending on what type of

variable you are attempting to destroy.

• If a globalized variable is unset() inside of a function, only the local variable is

destroyed. The variable in the calling environment will retain the same value as

before unset() was called.

unset Function

<?php

$foo = 'bar';

echo $foo;

unset($foo);

echo $foo;

?>

Info PHP Page

<?php

phpinfo();

?>

Goto

<?php goto a; echo 'Foo'; a: echo 'Bar'; ?>

<?php for($i=0,$j=50; $i<100; $i++) { while($j--) { if($j==17) goto end; } } echo "i = $i"; end: echo 'j hit 17'; ?>

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Chapter Example

if/else if/else statement

<?php

if ($foo == 0) {

echo ‘The variable foo is equal to 0’;

}

else if (($foo > 0) && ($foo <= 5)) {

echo ‘The variable foo is between 1 and 5’;

}

else {

echo ‘The variable foo is equal to ‘.$foo;

}

?>

Switch Statment

<?php $count=0; switch($count) {

case 0: echo “hello PHP3. ”; break; case 1: echo “hello PHP4. ”; break; default: echo “hello PHP5. ”; break;

} ?>

hello PHP3

Switch - Example

<?php

$total = 0;

$i = 2;

switch($i) {

case 6: $total = 99; break;

case 1: $total += 1;break;

case 2:$total += 2;break;

case 3: $total += 3; ;break;

case 4:$total += 4; break;

default : $total += 5;break;

}

echo $total;

?>

2

For Loop

<?php $count=0; for($count = 0;$count <3,$count++) { Print “hello PHP. ”; } ?>

hello PHP. hello PHP. hello PHP.

For - Example

<?php for ($i = 1; $i <= 10; $i++) { echo $i; }

?>

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For-Example

<?php

$brush_price = 5;

echo "<table border=\"1\" align=\"center\">";

echo "<tr><th>Quantity</th>";

echo "<th>Price</th></tr>";

for ( $counter = 10; $counter <= 100; $counter += 10)

{

echo "<tr><td>";

echo $counter;

echo "</td><td>";

echo $brush_price * $counter;

echo "</td></tr>";

}

echo "</table>";

?>

While Loop

<?php $count=0; while($count<3) { echo “hello PHP. ”; $count += 1; // $count = $count + 1; // or // $count++; } ?>


While - Example

<?php

$i = 0; while ($i++ < 5)

{

echo “loop number : “.$i; }

?>

Do ... While Loop

<?php $count=0; do { echo “hello PHP. ”; $count += 1; // $count = $count + 1; // or // $count++; } while($count<3); ?>


Do..While

<?php $i = 0; do { echo $i; } while ($i > 0); ?>

For..If

<?php

$rows = 4;

echo '<table><tr>';

for($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++){

echo '<td>' . $i . '</td>';

if(($i + 1) % $rows == 0){

echo '</tr><tr>';

}

}

echo '</tr></table>';

?>

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For

<?php //this is a different way to use the 'for' //Essa é uma maneira diferente de usar o 'for' for($i = $x = $z = 1; $i <= 10;$i++,$x+=2,$z=&$p){ $p = $i + $x; echo "\$i = $i , \$x = $x , \$z = $z "; } ?>

Nested For

<?php for($a=0;$a<10;$a++){ for($b=0;$b<10;$b++){ for($c=0;$c<10;$c++){ for($d=0;$d<10;$d++){ echo $a.$b.$c.$d.", "; } } } } ?>

While - Switch

<?php

$i = 0; while (++$i) { switch ($i) { case 5: echo "At 5 \n"; break 1; /* Exit only the switch. */ case 10: echo "At 10; quitting \n"; break 2; /* Exit the switch and the while. */ default: break; } } ?>

Continue

<?php for ($i = 0; $i < 5; ++$i) { if ($i == 2) continue print "$i\n"; } ?>

If - Switch <?php

$i = 1; if ($i == 0) { echo "i equals 0"; } elseif ($i == 1) { echo "i equals 1"; } elseif ($i == 2) { echo "i equals 2"; } switch ($i) { case 0: echo "i equals 0"; break; case 1: echo "i equals 1"; break; case 2: echo "i equals 2"; break; } ?>

Do..While - IF

<?php do { if ($i < 5) { echo "i is not big enough"; break; } $i *= $factor; if ($i < $minimum_limit) { break; } echo "i is ok"; /* process i */ } while (0); ?>

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If in other style

<?php $hour = 11; echo $foo = ($hour < 12) ? "Good morning!" : "Good afternoon!"; ?>

materi dasar php

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