masters_clustered_courses_2013.pdf

8/14/2019 masters_clustered_courses_2013.pdf

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THE OPEN UNIVERSITY OF TANZANIA

FACULTY OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

MASTERS DEGREE IN ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES (COURSE WORK AND DISSERTATION)

September 2013


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Table of Contents

Title Page

Table of Contents 2

Executive Summary ..3

1.0 General Information 4

1.1 Rationale....... .4

1.2 Expected Output of the Programme 7

1.3 The Overall Objective of the Proposed Programme .8

1.4 Programme Specific Objectives (Learning Outcomes) . .9

2.0 Admission Requirements ...... ..9

3.0 Programme Design, Organization and Mode of Delivery . ..10

3.1 Programme Design.. .10

4.0 Programme Organization ..11

4.1: Course Structure . ..11

5.0 Detailed Syllabus. ..15

6.0 Assessment Regulations ..47

6.1 Coursework .. ..47

6.2 Dissertation .. .47

7.0 Final Award/Graduation Requirements .. .48

8.0 Indicative Budget Requirements for Masters in Environmental Studies ..49

8.1 Resources .. ..49

9.0: Operating Costs .. ..49

9.1 Fee Structure ... .49

9.2 Teaching Load .... ...49


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Executive Summary

Environmental issues now feature significantly on national and international political agendas. Global climate

change, sea-level rise, and pollution are threatening the equilibrium of the planet. Against the setting of these

environmental concerns, there is increasing demand in Tanzania and around the world for highly skilled

managers of the environment. Those who have studied environmental issue at postgraduate level can help to

meet the demand. Graduates from environmental studies find that job opportunities are expanding in public and

private sector agencies and companies for specialist staff to help devise strategies to meet ambitious sustainable

development targets) set by governments both in Tanzania and across the world.

Environmental studies programme entail the planning and implementation of actions geared to improve the

quality of the human environment. The proposed postgraduate program in environmental studies at The Open

University of Tanzania is a multidisciplinary programs designed to enhance the skills and technical expertise of

graduates working in all facets of the environmental arena. The program aims to produce managers able to

address the many issues in the highly complex and changing area of environmental studies. At Masters Level the

degree may be taken with specialization in a range of fields.

This program is aimed at the professional upgrading of persons entering or employed in the area of

environmental management, science and environmental health. More specifically, the program (Master Degree in

Environmental studies) aims to produce persons who i) understand the different environmental philosophies,

strategies and environmental work processes, ii) are able to contribute positively to the management of

maintenance, iii) have practical knowledge of environmental issues and sustainability tools and can successfully

conduct research in environmental studies.


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1.0 GENERAL INFORMATION

PROGRAMME TITLE: Masters Degree inEnvironmental Studies

FINAL AWARD: Masters Environmental Studies (Health/Science/Management)

EXIT AWARD:

Postgraduate Diploma in Environmental Studies after completion of all the prescribed core and

option courses.

AWARDING BODY: Open University of Tanzania (OUT)

APPROVAL DATE: 2010

FACULTY: Science, Technology and Environmental Studies

HOSTING DEPARTMENT: Environmental Studies

1.1: Rationale

While the competencies acquired as a result of studying for a BSc or BA degree in subjects such as geography,

or biology, physics, chemistry, food and nutrition, environmental sciences, nursing and public health etc are

undoubtedly valuable, and can provide a sound base for progression to a career in a branch of environmental

studies, many employers seek recruits who hold a graduate degree that has equipped them with specialized

training. Those already pursuing a career also often seek an masters qualification in order to enhance their

promotion prospects. Employers look for expertise and experience in subjects such as environmental law,

economics and policy formulation, environmental assessment techniques, environmental management

approaches and strategies (including, for example, coastal management, land restoration, marine environment

management, or forest management). Such studies, undertaken within the crucial context of a deep

understanding of sustainability issues, global environmental change, and international environmental politics,

provide the kind of challenging and advanced education needed by those who are required to make critical

judgments on environmental management that fundamentally affect the lives of all of us.


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The Masters Degree in Environmental Studies degree programme is being proposed in order to train cadres

skilled in environmental studies of importance to Tanzania development. The justification for this degree

programme arises from the growing need for the expertise in the field of environmental studies. Graduates will be

able to identify, assess and rectify environmental problems. The masters programme is designed to provide the

scientific and managerial skills needed to tackle the environmental challenges of the 21st century. The

programme is designed to enable practitioners to integrate pro-active environmental management strategies into

their everyday professional roles.

The results conducted indicated that the Masters programme has a great potential to attract student as many of

them are degree holders which is a qualification for M. (Environmental Studies). In addition the total number of

student who showed interest to join is sufficient to establish a postgraduate course. The programs will be offered

by the Faculty of Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies.

The aim is to provide professional scientists with an in-depth understanding of environmental issues, problems

and solutions. It also aimed to provide the necessary knowledge and tools to integrate environmental

consideration into all aspects of professional scientific roles. This programme introduces the student to the

concept of the earth as an integrated system, where human activity, based on the use of natural resources for

material development, generates impacts on the environment, interfering with ecology, and creating scenarios

that present challenges related to human health and a balanced environment.

The student will acquire knowledge on issues related to i) water sanitation, properties and characteristics on both

pristine and contaminated water bodies, as well as available water purification technologies; ii) land

contamination: learning the properties of soils, the mechanisms of contamination, the fate and transport of

contaminants in the soil media, and re-mediation techniques; iii) environmental contemporary issues significant

pollutants, global warming, acid rain, and an introduction to air pollution control; and iv) ecology, focused on

Tanzania and the East Africa, discussing recent regulatory constraints, marine ecology, the shore, the reef,


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mangroves and wetland, bio-luminescent embayment, terrestrial ecology, pollution species extinction,

environmental disasters, the human population, resource management and societal and economic

considerations.

The programme will be capped with a discussion on the Integrated Earth System, pinpointing the main

interactions of the human species with the environment, the problems arising, and the issue of carrying capacity.

Presently, only a few expertises are available in this sensitive and relatively new field in Tanzania. The

programme will cover various areas of the environmental components including topics such as ecosystem

management, resource conservation, and land use planning, natural hazards, various types of pollution to the

environment, analytical methods towards assessment of pollution, and the policy dimensions of environmental

issues. The programme will put special emphasis on areas in environmental issues and health aspects which are

related to the specific situation in Tanzania as identified in the National Environmental Policy. These include land

degradation, pollution management and urbanization, agricultural and land resources destruction, deforestation,

destruction of wildlife and problems associated with mining activities.

Graduates of this programme are ideally suited to careers in government ministries and departments, industry,

research and development, non-governmental organizations, and consulting firms. In addition, graduates are well

placed to pursue postgraduate studies (PhD) as well as exploiting opportunities in the wider graduate

employment market.

This program extends the knowledge and expertise of environmental managers undergraduate programme

established at OUT two years ago in which we are expecting to have a first batch of 40 graduates in 2011.

Therefore we are intending to redirect their employment prospects in managerial and policy positions in

government and the private sector working as environmental management systems managers, auditors, policy

analysts, environmentalist, parks rangers and natural resource managers.


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1.2. EXPECTED OUTPUT OF THE PROGRAMME

The overall purpose of the proposed Masters of Environmental Studies degree programme is to provide an

overview of the earth system, describing its main components, pinpointing the consequences of human activities

on this sensitive system, and providing available solutions to existing impacts, as well as future trends and the

issues of sustainable growth. The Master of environmental studies implies an additional step compared to

Bachelor of Science in Environmental studies. It provides both a deeper analytical education in general as well as

better opportunities to specialize and achieve practically useful skills. In a knowledge-based society, possession

of a Bachelors degree is often not sufficient to compete for the most attractive jobs, but requires a good Masters

degree.

The Master programme aims to impart deeper knowledge and understanding, including awareness about current

state and future trends of environmental problems. The programme includes in depth studies of the theoretical

background as well as empirical applications, and multidisciplinary case studies to critically analyze current

problems. Handling environmental problems today requires not only specialized skills but also the capability of

collaborating between traditional disciplines.

Sustainable development is today an overall goal for policies in Tanzania and in East African countries. There is

an increasing demand for knowledge of; the causes of environmental problems, the relationship between human

activities and environmental problems, and the appropriate measures to deal with environmental problems. The

eighteen months Master of Environmental studies is designed to provide students with top quality skills in these

areas in order to meet the demands from private companies as well as from the public sectors, both in Tanzania

and in the international arena.

The Open University of Tanzania in collaboration with sister Universities has a wide variety of researchers, and

Tutors with experience from both traditional disciplinary researches as well as from multi-disciplinary research.

Within the OUT, and also at other Universities around there is large number of potential courses for students

specializing in the environmental field. The Masters programme proposed requires previous fulfilled courses to


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grant access, which requires careful choices from the student in order to render possible and desirable sequence

of stream of choices. The programme is open to graduates from a wide range of backgrounds and experience. It

caters for both mid-career professionals wishing to gain a postgraduate qualification, upgrade and extend skills

and knowledge, or move into the environmental field, and suitably qualified graduates from related fields.

1.3: The overall objective of the proposed programme is to:

Produce graduates with the capability to constructively engage with the complex environmental concerns that

confront contemporary societies. It emphasizes the integration of theory and practice and provides an

interdisciplinary grounding in sustainability, environmental management, impact assessment and policy.

1.4: Programme Specific Objectives (Learning Outcomes)

After successfully completing the programme the student should be able to;

1. Apply insights from theories in order to understand observed behaviour and policies relating to environmental

issues.

2. Explain and apply the key approaches in environmental (management, health and science) and decision-

making, and well developed problem solving skills.

2. Evaluate environmental theories in order to understand their application and limitations.

3. Analyze individual and group behaviour at various institutions such as the household, organizations or

companies.

5. Apply methodological techniques appropriate for decision making in business, government, and other

organizations by identifying, assessing and gathering the necessary information as well as to employ relevant

qualitative and quantitative methods and interpret the results.


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2.0 ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS

2.1: Candidate for the degree of M. (Env. Studies) by course work and dissertation must satisfy all the

requirements of the Universitys regulations for higher degrees in all faculties.

2.2: Candidates holding the following qualifications will be eligible for admission into the M. (Env. studies)

programme:

2.2.1: Graduates from environmental studies/science/engineering from recognized institution with minimum of B

grade.

2.2.2: A graduate in any social science, sciences, medical or engineering.

2.2.3: Admission may be based on equivalent qualifications.

2.3: Each study programme shall start at the beginning of the academic year and ended 18 month later.

2.4: The programme shall consist of coursework (PART I) and Dissertation (PART II).

3.0 PROGRAMME DESIGN, ORGANIZATION AND MODE OF DELIVERY

3.1 PROGRAMME DESIGN

The programme will be offered through intensive face to face (Executive and Evening style). Teaching

methodology is participatory in nature giving room to students to utilize knowledge and experience gained

overtime. Basic methods will include lecturing, group discussion, presentation, reflection and case studies.

For those undertaking the program through intensive face to face mode, class attendance for a whole six weeks

(three weeks in round one, then three weeks in round two) in each of the four months of a is required.


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3.1.1: The proposed degree is an 18 month, 22 units.

3.1.2: Each student of Master in Environmental Studies will be required to undertake TWELVE (12) core

courses and the dissertation. Students will be required to take two option courses.

3.1.3: A minimum of 22 units must be completed. Completing a course is defined as obtaining B grade or

higher.

3.1.5: Students will have another TWELVE months to work on a dissertation.

4.0 PROGRAMME ORGANIZATION

4.1: COURSE STRUCTURE

The Masters Environmental Studies degree programme will eventually have fourstreams (pathways) as it has

been proposed in the survey made (Table 1).

These are:

(i) The Science Stream (ii) The Management Stream (iii) The Health Stream (iv) The Technology stream

Students may choose from one of four degree pathways; the Environmental Studies (Science), Environmental

Studies (Management) Environmental Studies (Health) and Environmental Studies (Technology). The Science

stream programme aims is to provide professionals with the knowledge and skills necessary to contribute, directly

or indirectly, to the conservation and careful use of natural resources for the benefit of society. Successful

participants will develop the capacity to carry out independent scientific and technical research and assessments

on environmental issues. They will also learn to analyse and assess environmental systems and problems; be

able to propose sustainable solutions to environmental problems; and contribute to the development of policies

and strategies for environmental planning.

The Management stream will developing a sound understanding of the key approaches in environmental

management and decision-making, students will expand their critical appreciation of sustainability, ethics,

governance and cultural difference in relation to environmental practice and management. The health stream will


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offers participants an opportunity to reflect on their professional practice and gain a theoretical and critical

perspective of issues associated with environmental, health and safety management. The Technology stream will

emphasizes engineering and applied science aspects of resource management, environmental impact and

pollution prevention and abatement.

In the current submission only the first three streams Science, Healthand Managementhave been articulated.

The Technology stream will be submitted for approval in the future.

The clustered course structure is as follows:


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1. Masters of Environmental Studies (Science Stream)SN Course Code Code title Units1 OEV 618 Environmental Pollution and Waste Management 2

2 OEV 616 Environmental Science & Contemporary Issues 23 OEV 601 Environmental Analytical Methods 2

4 OEV 611 Environmental Management and Impact assessment 2

5 OEV 613 Environmental Law and Policy 26 OEV 621 Research Methods 2

7 OEV 615 Dissertation 4

Total units 16

2. Masters of Environmental Studies (Management Stream)SN Course Code Course Title Units1 OEV 611 Environmental Management and Impact assessment 2

2 OEV 613 Environmental Law and Policy 2

3 OEV 614 Advanced Environmental Economics 24 OEV 619 Ecology and Natural Resources Management 2

5 OEV 616 Environmental Science & Contemporary Issues 26 OEV 621 Research Methods 27 OEV 615 Dissertation 4

Total Units 16

Old Code Old Title Units New Code New Title Units

OEV 602 Solid, Liquid and Hazardous WasteManagement

1 OEV 618 Environmental Pollution and WasteManagement

2

OEV 604 Environmental Pollution andToxicology

1

OEV 600 Environmental Science 2 OEV 616 Environmental Science andContemporary Issues 2OEV 605 Technology Development andContemporary Environmental Issues

1

OEV 601 Environmental Analytical Methods 1 OEV 601 Environmental Analytical Methods 2

OEV 612 Environmental Degradation andNatural Resources Management

2 OEV 619 Ecology and Natural ResourcesManagement

2

OEV 603 Principles of Ecology and EcosystemManagement

1

OEV 613 Environmental Law and Policy 1 OEV 613 Environmental Law and Policy 2OEV 611 Environmental Management and

Impact assessment1 OEV 611 Environmental Management and

Impact assessment2

OEV 607 Community Health and Safety 1 OEV 617 Food science, safety and Health 2

OEV 608 Food Science and Safety Control 1OEV 614 Advanced Environmental Economics 1 OEV 614 Advanced Environmental Economics 2

OEV 606 Fundamentals of Environmental Healthand Epidemiology

2 OEV 620 Environmental Health andEpidemiology

2

OEV 610 Environmental Microbiology, Watersanitation and Vector Control

2

OEV 621 Research Methods 2OEV 615 Dissertation 4 OEV 615 Dissertation 4


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3. Masters of Environmental Studies (Health Stream)SN Course Code Code title Units

1 OEV 617 Environmental Health and Epidemiology 2

2 OEV 620 Food Science and Safety 2

3 OEV 618 Environmental Pollution and Waste Management 2

4 OEV 611 Environmental Management and Impact assessment 25 OEV 613 Environmental Law and Policy 2

6 OEV 621 Research Methods 2

7 OEV 615 Dissertation 4Total Units 16

The Open University of Tanzania defines ONE unit as equivalent to thirty five (35) one-hour lectures. Therefore a

student requires seventy (70) contact hours to complete a core course.

5.0: Detailed Syllabus

OEV 601: Environmental Analytical Methods

Number of Units: 2

Pre-requisite: None

Course Rationale

This course is intended to equip the student with adequate knowledge in sample collection and analysis in the

laboratory. The course will take a student through the whole spectrum of the analytical process from planning for

sampling process, sample handling and analysis to interpretation and use of the analytical results.

Learning Outcomes

On completion of the course student will be able to:

1. describe the basic principles of sampling, and various analytical methods for biological and chemicalsubstances,

2. Explain the basic operation and application for common environmental analytical techniques,3. Apply environmental analytical methods to study and understand different biological and chemical

processes in a given environment,

4. Use the analytical information to interpret different environmental phenomena.


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Course Description

Introduction to analyses, sampling techniques, interferences and minimization, standard and recommended

methods of analysis as applied to environmental problems, advantages and disadvantages of methods, designing

experiments, computer applications, low cost alternatives. The following techniques and methods will ve

reviewed: Electronalytical methods; Potentialmetry, voltametry, Analytical spectrometry eg. UV, IR, NMR, AAS,

GC-MS, x-ray, Chromatography eg Gas, partition, ion exchange; Thermal methods like TG, DTA; Biological

analytical techniques like BOD, COD, Faecal coliform techniques. Sampling techniques of biological samples.

Methods of Assessment

Timed tests 30%

Final examination 70%

Indicative Reading List

1. Fifield,F.W, Haines, P.J (2000), Environmental Analytical Chemistry. Blackwell Science.2. Skoog, D.A & West M.D. (1996),Analytical Chemistry.Saunders College Publishing.3. Skoog, DA, Holler, FJ and Nieman, TA (1998). Principles of Instrumental analysis,fifth edition, Harcourt

Brace and Company publishers

4. Fifield, FW and Haines, PJ (eds) (1997). Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 1st edition, Blackieacademic and Professional publishers

OEV 611: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Number of Units: 2

Pre-requisite: None

Course Rationale

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) can be described as a decision-making tool, a legislative instrument and

a formalised environmental management process. It exists to enable precautionary measures to be incorporated

into project and policy planning for the protection of environmental and human systems prior to major decisionsbeing taken and commitments made. This course gives students experience of all aspects of conducting an EIA

and the preparation of an Environmental Statement. It is intended to equip students with the skills necessary to

effectively implement a range of environmental survey techniques, with particular emphasis on those applicable

to Environmental Impact Assessment. The emphasis will be on an experience of survey and monitoring methods.

The course culminates with a preliminary scoping study/EIA of a real-life.


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Course Objectives:

At the end of this course students will be able to:

Analyze methods used to predict environmental impacts, and to see how these may be used to integrateenvironmental factors into decisions.

Examine regulatory requirements for statutory EIA, the methodologies commonly used in its preparation, itsrelationship with development decisions and the ways in which it can contribute to sustainable development

will be examined.

Drawing principally on the Tanzania planning context of EIA, Appraisal of EIA experiences in other countries and international organisations, together with developing

international experience of Strategic Environmental Assessment [SEA] and Sustainability

explain the nature of both Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Strategic Environmental Assessment(SEA);

give a detailed knowledge of the operation of EIA and SEA procedures in the Tanzania.Course content

Principles of environmental management: Policies and legal aspect of environmental management: Tools for

environmental Management (Life cycle assessment): Environmental management Systems Standards, ISO

14000: Environmental quality management: Environmental design: Geographical Information System (GIS) and

Remote Sensing in environment management: Overview of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA):

Environmental Audit (EA): Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA).Methods of Assessment

Timed tests 30%


Indicative Readings

1. Holder, J., (2004), Environmental Assessment: The Regulation of Decision Making, Oxford University Press,New York;

2. Wood, C. (2002), Environmental Impact Assessment: A Comparative Review (2 edn), Prentice Hall, Harlow3. Jays, Jones, C., Slinn, P., Wood, C., (2007), Environmental Impact Assessment: Retrospect and Prospect

Environmental Impact Assessment Review 27: 287-300.

4. Elliott, M. & Thomas, I. (2009), Environment Impact Assessment in Australia: Theory and Practice, 5thEdn,Federation Press, Sydney.


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5. Glasson, J; Therivel, R; Chadwick A. (2005), Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment, Routledge,London.

OEV 613: Environmental Law and Policy

Number of Units: 2Pre-requisite: None

Course Rationale

This course examines the fundamentals of environmental law and the principles adopted by the government

as a cause of action for eradication of problems arising from human impact on the environment. The issues

arising from human impact on the environment generally includes air and water pollution, waste management,

maintenance of biodiversity, ecosystem management, protection of natural resources, wildlife and

endangered species, protection of natural resources for future generations. The Course on Environmental

Law and Policy provides a substantial contribution to the eradication of the threat posed on the Earth System

regards issues of Global warming, draught, freshwater depletion, biodiversity reduction, hole in the Ozone

layer among others. In addition, the International Standards on the Environmental protection takes part of this

course.

Learning Outcomes


Determine the responsibility of every individual to the protection of environment through the various lawsof the land

Understand the rights and compensation available to an individual whose right to clean and safeenvironment has been violated

Evaluate the important environmental legislative framework available in Tanzania (Also Rwanda) and atInternational level

Analyze the individual and corporate liabilities imposed by law on environmental harm Identify the institutions established for governing Environmental protection in Tanzania their function and

operating jurisdiction.


Timed tests 30%



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Course Description

This is course provides a broad and practical understanding of some important environmental laws and policy

in Tanzania. The course is designed to introduce you to the fascinating variety of important environmental

challenges addressed by environmental laws, the difficult policy issues surrounding environmental problems,

and the legal complexities of environmental regulatory and administrative schemes. Environmental laws can be

extremely complex. No one person can master them all, nor can a single semester course provide you detailed

review of all environmental statutes. This course, however, gives you the foundation by covering the

fundamentals of environmental law. You will also develop some critical analytical and research skills (such as

analyzing problems and reading statutes) that are transferable to all areas of environmental law.

First Part

Introduction to Environmental Law; Principles and Functions of Environmental Law; Environmental Policy and

Legal Framework in Tanzania (Also Rwanda); Institutions Governing Environmental Protection in Tanzania

(Rwanda); Pollution Prevention and Control in Tanzania/Rwanda.

Part Two

The Law Governing Impact Assessment in Tanzania; The Law governing Waste Management in Tanzania;

Liability for governing Environmental Harm, prosecution and Enforcement in Tanzania/Rwanda and the

International Environmental Law.


1. Driesen and Adler, (2007) Environmental Law: A Conceptual and Pragmatic Approach Aspen Publishers.2. Hunter et al.(2007), International Environmental Law and Policy, (Foundation Press 3rded3. Marquita K. Hill, Understanding Environmental Pollution, (2010)4. Peirce, J.J.,Environmental Pollution and Control, 4thEd. Wisconsin, 1997.5. Tripathi, S.C.; Environmental Law, 4thEd, Central Law Publications, Allahabad, 20106. The Environmental Management Act, 20047. The National Environmental Policy, 19978. Ball & Bell, Environmental Law, 4thEd, Blackstone Press Limited, London, 19979. Thornton, J. & Beckwith, S. Environmental Law, Sweet & Maxwell, London, 197710.Nick Harvey, Environmental Impact Assessment: Procedures and Practices, Oxford University Press, USA,

2012

11.Betty Marriot, Environmental Impact Assessment: A Practical Guide, McGraw-Hill Professional, 199712.John Pitchtel, Waste Management Practices: Municipal, Hazardous and Industrial, CRC Press, 200513. Hunter, D. & Salzman J. International Environmental Law and Policy, 4thEd. University Casebook,

Foundation Press, 2010


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OEV 614: Advanced Environmental Economics

Number of Units: 2

Pre-requisite: None

Course RationaleThis Masters level course is designed to guide students through the frontier areas of environmental economics.

We begin by studying the issue of externalities and methods to regulate externalities. We then examine the

impacts of uncertainty and information asymmetry on the choice of policy instruments for regulating externalities.

Both point- and nonpoint-source pollution issues will be studied.

The course aim to explore the economic foundations for management and public policies of environmental

problems such as natural resource depletion, sustainable development, and pollution control. The emphasis of

this course is on basic concepts and analytical tools for policy decision-making as well as generating research in

environmental economics. In particular, the course aims to deepen students understanding of why resource and

environmental problems have occurred from the economic point of view and what kind of policy tools, which are

provided by economics and management science, should be implemented to solve these problems.

Objectives:

At the end of this course students will be able to:

Examine the application of economic principles to problems of pollution control and the valuation ofenvironmental improvements.

Determine theory of externalities, property rights, and corrective measures, and then turn to issues in thedesign of environmental policy

Analyse the use of Pigouvian taxes, marketable permits, regulatory standards and subsidies as potentialpollution control tools, both in terms of their theoretical properties and practical potential as policy

instruments.

Evaluate methods economists have employed to value improvements to the environment. Describe the stated preference methods such as recreation demand models, averting behavior, hedonic

studies, and contingent valuation studies.


Timed tests 30%



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Course Content

The application of economic principles to problems of pollution control and evaluation of environmental

improvements. Overview of Environmental Economics: Resources depletion (both renewable and non-

renewable): Public & Environmental goods: Valuation of environmental goods: Theory of Externalities, property

rights and corrective measures: Environmental Policy Instruments: Pigouvian taxes, market permits, regulatory

standards and subsidies as potential pollution control tools. Economics methods to value improvement to the

environment: Theory of welfare measurement, non-market resources valuing methods9recreation demand

models, averting behavior, hedonic studies and contingent valuation studies).


1. Bromley, D. W. (2009), The Emergency and Evolution of Environmental and Natural Resource Economics.In Frontiers in Resource and Rural Economics, eds. JunJie Wu, Paul Barkley, and Bruce Webber.

Washington DC:

2. Conrad, J. M. (1999). Resource Economics. Cambridge University Press. Field, B. C. and Field, M. K. (2006).Environmental economics. McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

3. Hanley, N., Shogren, J. F., and White, B. (1997). Environmental economics in theory and practice. Oxforduniversity press, New York.

4. Kolstad, C. D. (2003). Environmental economics. Oxford university press.5. Solow, R. M. (1993). An almost practical step toward sustainability. J.Resources policy,19(3):162172.6.

Varian, H. R. (2007). Intermediate microeconomics: A modern approach. W. W. Norton & Company.

7. Baumol, W., and Oates, W. (1988), The Theory of Environmental Policy, Second edition, CambridgeUniversity Press.

8. Freeman, A. M. (1993), The Measurement of Environmental and Resource Values: Theory and Methods,Resources for the Future.

9. Haab, T., and T.E. McConnell (2002), Valuing Environmental and Natural Resources: TheEconometrics ofNonmarketValuation, Edward Elgar Publishers.


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OEV 615: DISSERTATION

Number of Units: 4

Pre-requisite: Pass all Core Courses

Course RationaleStudents completing Masters in environmental studies degree must complete a research dissertation. These

theses are expected to contribute new information to the body of knowledge in the studied field. The student's

dissertation is expected to include good and precise title, clear statement of the research problem. All details of

what must be included in proposal as dissertation as well as guide to supervisors are described in the University

prospectus.

OEV 616: Environmental Science and Contemporary IssuesNumber of Units: 2

Pre-requisite: None

Course Rationale

Based on the use of natural resources for material development, generates impacts on the environment,

interfering with ecology, and creating scenarios that present challenges related to human health and a balanced

environment.

The student will acquire knowledge on issues related to:

the oceans, comprising geological, physical, chemical, and biological pollutants fresh water, discussing properties and characteristics on both pristine and contaminated water bodies, as

well as available water purification technologies;

land contamination, learning the properties of soils, the mechanisms of contamination, the fate andtransport of contaminants in the soil media, and remediation techniques;

the atmosphere, including meteorological concepts, significant pollutants, global warming, acid rain, andan introduction to air pollution control.

Contemporary environmental issues are inevitable when the different sides [of the conflict] interpret the issue at

hand in different ways; and at any different time, the way the issue is dealt with depends largely (though not

completely) on the balance of these competing perspectives. In other words, defining environmental

phenomenon as problems, depends on which perspective prevails in the public discourse and policy making

process.


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This course will address a varying collection of contemporary environmental issues, addresses environmental

racism, sustainable development, smart growth, ecoterrorism and radical environmentalism, and other current

issues of importance. The investigation focuses on the substance of the issue as well as policy alternatives.

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this course the students will be able to:

identify the basic elements in each of these discourses, Apply them to several contemporary environmental issues. acquire detailed knowledge of three environmental issues Determine the overview of the earth system, describing the earths system main components, pinpointing the consequences of human activities on this sensitive system, Providing available solutions to existing impacts, as well as future trends and the issues of sustainable

growth.


Timed tests 30%


PART I

OEV 600: Environmental Science and Chemical Pollutants

Course Description

Fresh Water: Description of water characteristics and main properties, Main sources, routes, and problems of

surface and groundwater contamination, Methods available for water treatment, Fate and transport of

contaminants in water bodies and Trends in regulations for water resource preservation.

Land: Description of soil characteristics and main properties, Main sources and routes, and problems arising

from land contamination, Mechanisms of contaminant association to soils, Fate and transport of contaminants in

the land, Methods available for land clean-up, Trends in regulations for land protection

Atmosphere and Air Quality: The Atmosphere, Introduction to Air Pollution: Indoor and Outdoor, Atmosphere

pollution induced by humans, EPA emissions trends, Pollutant sources, health effects and source control.


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3. Manes, Christopher and Green Rage: (1991), Radical Environmentalism and the Unmaking ofCivilization. Back Bay Books.

OEV 617: Environmental Health and Epidemiology

Number of Units: 2

Pre-requisite: None

Course Rationale

Environmental health is a part of public health where the primary goal is the promotion of human health and

welfare. Environmental health is associated with recognizing, assessing, understanding and controlling the

impacts of people in their environment and the impacts of the environment on the public. The World Health

Organisation defines environmental health as, comprising those aspects of human health, including quality of

life, that are determined by physical, chemical, biological, social and psycho-social factors in the environment.

Therefore, people working within the environmental health field are concerned with making the areas, in which

we live and work better places.In addition,this course is an introduction to the theory and practice of public and

community health. This course is designed to introduce students to the role and function of interdisciplinary

health systems. Emphasis will be placed on access and barriers to health services, team collaboration,

community interventions, and health promotion and disease prevention. Because the environment is so broadly

defined, the field of environmental health science is usually defined more by the problems faced than the

approaches used. Environmental health scientists face various problems. Complexity of the problems requires

multidisciplinary approaches. This course will provide an introduction to the principles, methods, and issues

related to environmental health sciences and community health.


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Learning Outcomes


Determine the basic methodology in health risk assessment including ability to carry out and communicatesimple assessments

Evaluate and overview some specific environmental health risks and their impact on public healthExplain what epidemiology is and how it relates to other disciplines.Determine how epidemiology is used and applied.Apply commonly used terms and methods of epidemiologyUnderstand how the tools of toxicology, epidemiology, risk assessment, risk management, and risk

communication are useful in understanding environmental health problems, and the strengths and limitations

of each.

Describe the human health effects of a few environmental and occupational agents and know how to obtaininformation on additional agents.

Understand that there are multiple techniques for preventing and controlling environmental hazards, and thatthere are multiple regulatory approaches that may govern environmental hazards.

Develop, implement and evaluate the interdisciplinary interventions for their community addressing communityhealth issues

Develop a greater understanding of the roles of the various disciplines included in the health care team.Course Description

Introduction to environmental health; Body reaction to environmental pollutants; physical, chemical, and biological

agents of environmental contamination; Vectors of dissemination (air, water, soil); Microbial diseases and their

control: Solid and Hazardous waste; Interpretation and evaluation of risk assessments in environmental health;

Environmental health policy:emerging global environmental health problems. Occupational health hazard and

their prevention: Exposure and risk analysis: Methods of epidemiology: Interpretation of epidemiological data:


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epidemiological methods and its use in public health: Environmental epidemiology: Descriptive

epidemiology.Concept of Community Health & Diseases; Community structure, Definition & concept of health

and diseases dimension of health, health system, health situation in Tanzania. Disease causation and prevention;

Mode of intervention, epidemic and endemic forms of diseases, Introduction to health behavior; Prevention and

control of chronic diseases.

Genetics and Health: Role of genetic predisposition to common disorders: cancer, coronary heart diseases,

diabetes, mental disorders. Population genetics: Hardy-Weinberg law in trait inheritance, eugenics. Genetic

counselling.

Mental Health; Definition of Mental Health, characteristics of mentally healthy person, parent-child relationship

and mental health, types of mental illness / causes, remedial measures for mental illness, problems of mental

health in Tanzania, mental problems of old age; Stress and stress management. Vulnerable Sections in the

Society and Their Health Care; Infant/children/girl child/old persons, women in the reproductive age, rural/tribal

population.

Control and Prevention of Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases; Epidemiological triad, web of

causation, high - risk group, prevention of communicable diseases, prevention of non -communicable diseases,

drug abuse and addiction, drug metabolism and detoxication. National health policy, Role of WHO. UNICEF,

UNDP, FAO, UNESCO, ILO, WORLD BANK, Red Cross, CARE, National health programmes, control of Malaria,

diarrhoeal disorders and endemic iodine deficiency disorders, Alternate health care planning.

Vectors and vector-borne diseases: Entomological investigations (sampling and rearing methods, vector

identification, vector incrimination and vector surveillance): Vector control (principles of vector control, methods

and approaches), integrated vector control approach.

Modes of Assessment

Timed tests 30%



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1. Ahlbom A, Norell S. (1990), Introduction to Modern epidemiology, 2nd Ed. Epidemiology Resources Inc,Massachusetts.

2. Dohoo IA, Martin SW, Stryhn H. (2003), Veterinary Epidemiologic Research. AVC Inc, Charlottestown,PEI.

3. Fletcher RH, Fletcher SW, Wagner EH. (2005), Clinical Epidemiology. 4th Ed. Lippincott Williams andWilkins, Philadelphia.

4. Hennekens CH, Buring JE. (1987), Epidemiology in Medicine. Little, Brown, and Co: Boston.5. Kahn HA. (1983), An Introduction to Epidemiologic Methods. Oxford Univ. Press, NY.6. Lawrence E., A (1989), Guide to Modern Biology: Genetics, Cells and Systems, Harlow Longman Publ.,7. MacMahon B, Trichopolous D. 1996. Epidemiology: Principles and Methods. 2nd Ed. Little, Brown and

Co: Boston.

8. Moeller, D. W. (2005), Environmental Health, 3rdEdition, Harvard University Press,9. Sackett DL, Haynes RB, Guyatt GH, Tugwell P. (1991), Clinical Epidemiology: A Basic Science for

Clinical Medicine. 2ndEd. Little, Brown and Co: Boston.

10. Smith RD. 2006. Veterinary Clinical Epidemiology: a problem-oriented approach. 3rd Ed. Taylor &Francis, Boca Raton, FL.

OEV 618: Environmental Pollution and Waste Management

Number of units: 2

Pre-requisite: None

Course Description

Introduction to waste management: Waste production: Solid waste management: Methods of waste disposal

(Open dumps, Sanitary landfills, Incineration, ocean dumping): Shrinking the waste stream (recycling,

composting, energy from waste, de-manufacturing, reuse, producing less waste): Wastewater management

methods: Liquid waste disposal: Treatment methods (Physical, chemical and biological): Waste stabilization

Ponds and Wetlands as options for wastewater treatment: Overview of Hazardous waste: Hazardous waste

disposal:

The environmental pollutants and Toxicology is designed for Environmental Masters students (Science Stream)and other related graduates involved in the protection and improvement of animals and human health and

environment.

The course is intended to equip the graduates with knowledge, skills and prepare the graduates for research,

teaching and consultancies in academic institutions and other related duties in government service and private

sector.


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Graduates will be exposed to a broad study of drugs, poisonous compounds, environmental pollutants, analytical

techniques, recent advances in Pharmacology and Toxicology research.

Learning Outcomes


To offer specialized knowledge of the pollution process, both to the environment and its inhabitants Determine how the released pollutant causes harmful effects determine what can we done to prevent or minimize risk to biological and ecological system Describe the main legislation that is responsible for regulating the generation, transport, and disposal of

hazardous waste and remediating contaminated sites

Describe the appropriate technologies for remediation of specific sites and waste types

Describe the types of products and chemical compounds considered hazardous and the fate of theseproducts in the environment

List the major components of municipal solid waste and calculate the moisture content, energy content,density, and chemical formula

Prepare a collection route for municipal solid waste collection Describe the features of a solid waste landfill Describe the major issues in waste material recycling


Timed tests 30%


PART I

OEV 602: Solid, Liquid and Hazardous Waste Management

Course Rationale

This course intends to determine whether or not students/citizen generate hazardous waste; wastes are regulated

under government law; What they must do to comply with goverment regulations; How to manage hazardous

waste from generation to final disposal; How to manifest (document) hazardous waste shipment and How to

dispose of your hazardous waste properly.


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Reference Material

1. LaGrega, M., Buckingham, P. L. E., Jeffrey C. (1994), Hazardous Waste Management, TheEnvironmental Resources Management Group. McGraw-Hill Book Company.

2. Rao, M. N. & Dutta, A. K.(1995), Wastewater Treatment, Oxford - IBH Publication.3. Eckenfelder Jr., W .W. (2000), Industrial Water Pollution Control, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New

Delhi,

4. Shen, T.T. (1999), Industrial Pollution Prevention, Springer,5. Stephenson R.L. and J.B.Blackburn, Jr., (1998), Industrial Wastewater Systems Hand book, Lewis

Publisher, New York,

6. Freeman, H.M. (1995), Industrial Pollution Prevention Hand Book, McGraw-Hill Inc., New Delhi,7. Bishop, P.L. (2000), Pollution Prevention: Fundamental & Practice, McGraw-Hill.

PART II

OEV 604: Environmental Pollution and Toxicology

Course Description

Introduction to environmental toxicology, Organic pollutants: Pollutants from the use of agrochemicals like

fertilizers, insecticides or herbicides, rodenticides, nemtocides and fungicides as environmental pollutants.

Emphasis will be placed on insecticides and hebicides and on misuse of agrochemicals. Chemical pollutants from

industries from industries producing: agrochemicals, food, textile, oil sops and detergents, petroleum and its

products, pharmaceuticals and chemicals. Reimburse Inorganic pollutants like heavy metals, both of industrial

and natural origin as a source of pollution. Specific treatment and handling of harmful metals like mercury, lead,

cadmium, barium.

Sources and toxicity of non metals like Nitrate, Sulphate and chloride will also be discussed.


1. Phillip L., Williams, R. James, C. and Stephen M. R. (2000), Principles of Toxicology-Environmental andindustrial Applications 2ed, Wiley-InterScience.

2. Wright, D. A. and Welbourn, P. (2002). Environmental Toxicology, Cambridge University Press.3. Wayne G. Landis and Ming-Ho Yu (2003), Introduction to Environmental Toxicology: Impacts of

Chemicals upon Ecological Systems, 3ed, Lewis Publisher.


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OEV 619: Ecology and Natural Resources Management

Number of Units: 1

Pre-requisite: None

Course Rationale

The course provides students with an overview of ecology, covering topics ranging from global abiotic processesto biomes, as well as species-, community-, and population-level dynamics, Major ideas shaping modern ecology:

population regulation, competition, predation, ecosystem energetics, mathematical models, and nutrient cycling.

Role of biological and physical factors in developing community structure also will be addressed. The

undergraduate courses in ecology complements the lectures by helping students to understand how to generate

and test ecological hypotheses by examining issues such as how to quantify and estimate diversity, how to

measure landscape level patterns, and how to utilize computer programs to help analyze ecological data. You will

also develop, conduct, and present an independent project that will allow you to implement the skills you have

learned throughout the course.

Also this course provides a holistic education and training in the understanding, management and

development of the Earth's natural resources and the environmental degradation. It covers a broad range of

environmental and sustainability issues and is designed especially for those wishing to enhance their existing

skills and qualifications for careers in the environmental and Earth science professions.

Students will examine the need for a multidisciplinary approach to the management of environmental problems

that arise from the use and misuse of natural resources. You will be trained in relevant Earth science

techniques for the collection, analysis and interpretation of environmental data. They will have the opportunity

to apply your knowledge and skills to the study of particular environmental problems. Also will investigate the

rationale behind the exploitation and conservation of the natural environment and the need for a sustainable

management strategy.

Learning Outcomes


explain the change, complexity, uncertainty and conflict associated with a variety of resources andenvironmental issues;

encourage critical thinking about the nature and solutions to current problems; determine how planning can contribute to solving problems; describe the theory and practice of selected approaches to resource and environmental management. Analyze fundamental concepts of ecology.


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Gain experience with conceptual and mathematical models used to describe ecological systems. Gain experience in reading, discussing, and synthesizing primary literature in ecology. Create and conducting ecological studies Evaluate skills in oral and written presentation of ideas and results from ecological studies. Develop an appreciation of the modern scope of scientific inquiry in the field of Ecology. Become familiar with the variety of ways that organisms interact with both the physical and the biological

environment.

Develop an understanding of the differences in the structure and function of different types ofecosystems.

Develop an appreciation of the natural world through direct experience with local ecosystems.Methods of Assessment

Timed tests 30%


PART I

OEV 603: Principles of Ecology and Ecosystem Management

Course Description

Principles of ecology: Abiotic and abiotic components: Interaction of environment and organism: Concept of

Ecosystem: Flow of energy and nutrients: Biogeochemical cycles: Balance and imbalances in ecosystem:

Population ecology: Community ecology: Concept of biodiversity. Human influence on ecosystem: Principles of

conservation biology: Conservation of genetic diversity: The conservation of populations: The conservation ofhabitat: Wetland ecology and management: Ecosystem management: Restoration ecology:


1. Cain, Bowman, and Hacker (2008), Ecology. Sinauer Publishing Website: www.sinauer.com/ecology2. Allee, W.C.; Park, O.; Emerson, A. E.; Park, T.; Schmidt, K.P. (1949). Principles of animal ecology. W. B.

Sunders, Co.

3. Gilbert, F. S. (1990). Insect life cycles: genetics, evolution, and co-ordination, Springer-Verlag, New York.4. MacArthur, R.; Wilson, E. O. (1967), The Theory of Island Biogeography. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University

Press.


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PART II

OEV 612:Environmental Degradation and Natural Resources Management

Course Description

Components of physical environment & their interrelations, Concept of ecosystems: components and structure of

ecosystem; Major ecosystems of the world.

Environmental degradation and manifestations land, water (surface & ground) and air. Uses and Exploration of

Mineral Resources, Environmental Effects of Mineral Exploration and Usage, World Food Problems and

Production, Pesticides in Modern Agriculture and Environmental Problems, Environmental Limits for Increasing

Food Production, Solutions : Sustainable Agriculture, Impact of Irrigation on Environmental Quality-Water

Logging, Salinity, Land as a Resources, Land Degradation, Soil Degradation, Soil Conservation. Concept of

managed environmental systems: agricultural ecosystems, multi-purpose river-valley and urban areas.

Conservation of Natural Resources, Role of Individuals in Sustainable Environmental Management, Value

System and Equitable Resources Use for Sustainable Life System, Role of Individuals in Conservation and

Prevention of Pollution.


1. Anjaneyulu, Y. (2004), Introduction to Environmental Science, BS Publications, Hyderabad, India.

2. Kaur, H. (2006.), Environmental Studies, Pragati Prakashan,3. Andrew R.W., Jackson & Julie M. Jackson, (1996), Environmental Science The Natural Environment

and Human Impact, Addison Wesley Longman Limited.4. S.C. Santra, S. C. (2005), Environmental Science, 2nd Edition, New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd,

Kolkata, India.

5. Richard T. W. (2007), Environmental Chemistry, Pearson Education Inc., South Asia.6. Sharma B. K., (2001), Environmental Chemistry, Goel Publ. House, Meerut.7. Buckman H. O., Brady N.C. (1984), The Nature and Properties of Soils, 9th Edition, Collier MacMillan,

New York,

8. Wanger K. D. (1998), Environmental Management, W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia, USA,


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OEV 620: Food Science and Safety

Number of Units: 2

Pre-requisite: None

Course rationale

Food Science has a hand in every product that is consumed. It is the application of food science that has

enabled advances in food preservation making food readily available and microbial control, to inhibit the growth of

pathogens and micro organisms to ensure a safe food supply. On the other hand as everyone must eat food to

live, everyone is at risk of getting food poisoning, this makes food safety management an important aspect. Food

safety deals with the handling, preparation, and storage of food in ways that prevent food borne illness. This

includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health hazard. Thus the

knowledge of food science and safety is important in ensuring the safety, healthfulness and wholesomeness of

food products. The course provides you with knowledge and skills in food quality control, processing, product

development, safety, microbiology, and sanitation. Society expects the foods we eat to be safe and wholesome,

and the food industry needs dedicated professionals trained to meet this need. This course also provides you with

the knowledge and training needed to meet this need and help protect the quality and safety of the foods we eat

every day.

Learning objectives

Apply and incorporate the principles of food science in practical, real-world situations and problems Apply the principles of food science to control and assure the quality of food products. Understand the basic principles of sensory analysis. Be able to identify the conditions, including sanitation practices, under which the important pathogens

and spoilage microorganisms are commonly inactivated, killed or made harmless in foods.

Understand the principles involving food preservation via fermentation processes. Identify the important pathogens and spoilage microorganisms in foods and the conditions under which

they will grow.

Identify the conditions under which the important pathogens are commonly inactivated, killed or madeharmless in foods.

Utilize laboratory techniques to identify microorganisms in foods Understand the principles and current practices of processing techniques and the effects of processing

parameters on product quality


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Understand the properties and uses of various packaging materials. Understand the basic principles and practices of cleaning and sanitation in food processing operations. Understand the requirements for water utilization and waste management in food and food processing. Explain the importance of food safety Identify what might happen if hazards are not controlled State what micro-organisms are and outline where they may be found Identify multiplication and survival hazards posed by pathogenic bacteria and know why it is important to

control them

Recognise the signs of food spoilage Identify the main characteristics of food related illness State the main ways of preventing food poisoning in a catering environment State common causes of microbiological, physical, chemical and allergenic hazards and how the risk

from each can be controlled

Recognise the responsibilities of food handlers and food businesses regarding HACCP Describe hazards, control measures, monitoring and corrective actions associated with the delivery,

storage, preparation thawing, cooking, reheating, cooling, hot holding and serving of food

Know the importance of documentation and give examples of records that may be kept Recognise the principal legal responsibilities of food handlers regarding personal hygiene Identify the general principles of good personal hygiene and outline how to control hazards associated

with poor personal hygiene Outline how food handlers can be sources and vehicles of food poisoning bacteria

Course content:

This module integrates key concepts in food science with the discipline of human nutrition. It also explores the

origins, distribution and processing of the foods. It also examines the theoretical applications of nutritional

concepts in food science (e.g., sensory evaluation, physiological and hedonic testing); food laws, the reasons for

and practicalities of developing food products, issues surrounding food labelling and scientific advances. Food

components, Food preservation and processing (Food processing aspects) and the application of food additives,

Food Safety: the importance of safety and the effects of food hazards, The relationship between microorganisms

and food safety, that is, microbiological hazards: how micro-organisms pose a hazard to food safety and spoilage

of food, Food Poisoning and its Control: the main reasons for food poisoning and its prevention, Contamination

Hazards and Controls: concepts of food hazard caused by contamination, i.e. microbiological, chemical and


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physical and allergenic hazards and how the risks from each can be controlled, HACCP from Purchase to Service

or production to storage: prevention of food borne illness and the contamination of food by using food safety

procedures, Food Handlers and Personal Hygiene: the importance of cleanliness and hygiene of food handlers in

ensuring food safety, Food Premises and Equipments: measures to ensure that equipments do not result in food

contamination, Food Pests and Control: hazard posed by food pests and their control and controlling of pests

and pesticides and their management, Cleaning and Disinfection: importance of effective cleaning and

disinfection and uses of different cleaning chemicals, Food Safety Enforcement: the importance of food safety

enforcement. Sanitation and water supply for diseases control and Microbial assessment of water quality.

Microbiological social and public aspects of sanitation and water supply.

References

1. Bennion, M. (1985), Introductory Foods. 8thedn, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York.

2. Bogstrom, G. (1968), Principles of Food Science, Vol I and II, The Macmillian Co.,New York.3. Charly, H. (1970), Food Science. John Wiley, 2ndedn and Sons Inc, New York.

4. Lowe, B. Experimental Cookery. John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York.

5. Manay, N.S. and Shadaksharaswamy M.(2001), Food Facts and Principles 2ndedn, New Age International

Publisher, New Delhi.

6. Meyer. L.H. (1987), Food Chemistry, CBS Publishers and Distribution, Delhi,

7. Srilakshmi. B.(1997), Food Science. New - Age International (P) Ltd. Publishers, New Delhi.

8. Swaminathan M.(1990), Food Science Chemistry and Experimental foods, The Bangalore Printing and

Publishing Co. Ltd., Mysore, Banaglore.

10. Paine (1987), Modern processing, packaging and distribution system. Blackie, Glasgow

1. Hunter, P (1997), Waterborne Disease: Epidemiology and Ecology, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK.2. Minimum Standards in Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion 4thedn,. Arnold, London.

OEV 621: Research MethodsNumber of Units: 2

Pre-requisite: None

Course Rationale

The purpose of research is to inform action. Thus, student should seek to contextualize its findings within the

larger body of research. Research must always be high quality in order to produce knowledge that is applicable


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Sources of Literature, Critical Literature review

Part III: Research Design and Data Collection Methods

Research Design, data Collection Methods

Part IV: Data Analysis Methods

Qualitative Data, Quantitative Data, The Use of Computer in data Analysis

Part V: Research Report Writing

Writing a Research report (Dissertation and Thesis)


1. The Open University of Tanzania (2012), Research Methodology, Excel Learning Pty. Ltd, Durban, 4000,KZN, South Africa

2. Kothari, C. R. (2010), Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, New Age International LimitedPublishers.

3. Gill, J. and Johnson, P. (2002), research methods for Managers, Sage Publication, London.4. Machi, L. A. and McEvoy, B. T. (2008), Literature Review: Six Steps to Success, Corwin Press.5. James, J. (2009), Introduction to Applied Statistics: Lecture Notes Retrieved on 29 thJuly 2013; http://

http://people.richland.edu/james/lecture/m113/

6.0 ASSESSMENT REGULATIONS

The following regulations will apply for the assessment of the programme:

6.1 Coursework:

6.1.1: Each course will be evaluated as follows:

(i) Timed Test 30%

(ii) Annual Examination 70%

6.1.2: The pass mark for all Masters Courses shall be B grade. The candidate who fails in any course

counting to 10 units shall be required to do supplementary examination and pass the course. Failing

the supplementary examination(s) the candidate must be deregistered from the programme. The

highest grade awarded in a supplementary examination is a B grade.


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6.2: Dissertation

6.2.1: Part II of the programme examination shall consist of a dissertation assessed by at least two examiners

one of whom shall be external examiner to the University. Examiners may require the candidate to

present him/herself for oral questioning in additional to such other examinations as may be

prescribed.

6.2.2: A candidate will not be allowed to proceeds to Part II of the programme without having passes all

courses as indicated in Part I.

6.2.2: The Faculty Board must approve the research topic before commencing on research.

6.2.3: In order to qualify for the M. (Env. Studies) a student must satisfy the examiners in both Part I and II of

the Masters Examination.

6.3 The following Grading System shall be Applied:

GRADE MARKS GRADE POINT QUALITY

A 70%-100% 4.4-5.0 Excellent

B+ 60-69% 4.0- 4.3 Very Good

B 50-59% 3.0-3.9 Good

C 40-49% 2.0-2.9 Marginal Fail

D 35-39% 1.0-1.9 Fail

E 0-34% 0.-0.9 Absolute Fail

7.1FINAL AWARD/GRADUATION REQUIREMENTSThe minimum pass mark for any course shall be the grade B or 50%. Candidates, who successfully complete

the required units and dissertation, shall qualify upon approval by Senate of the Open University of Tanzania, for

the award of Masters in Environmental Studies (Management/Health/Science) degree.

There will be an exit award of a Postgraduate Diploma in Environmental Studies after completion of all the

prescribed core courses and they dont want/they fail to finish the Dissertation.


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8.0: INDICATIVE BUDGET REQUIREMENTS FOR MASTERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

8.1: Resources

Resources required by the new programme are summarized into two categories:

8.1.1: Capital and Start-up Costs:

Examples of capital and start-up costs include new space, renovations, equipment, computer hardware and

software, and faculty costs for course development. The new programme will be handled within the existing

resources of the faculty and the University (e.g. secretarial support, information technology, library resources,

space, etc).

9.1: Fee Structure

Details regarding the programme and related issues are found in the current University Prospectus which is

available on our website www.out.ac.tz or at the OUT Regional Centre closest to you. In case you need further

assistance please contact the FSTES Postgraduate Studies Coordinator (Dr Paul Wilfred) at +255-768 872 902

([email protected]) or The Dean (FSTES) Dr. Leonard Fweja at +255 756147158 ([email protected] and

[email protected]); and the Director of Postgraduate studies at [email protected].

The current fee structure payable to the University is as tabulated below:

DESCRIPTION FEES Tshs

Registration fees (Paid once) 50,000.00

ID processing Fee (Paid once) 10,000.00

First Installment 1,500,000.00

Second Installment 1,465,000.00TOTAL payable to University 3,025,000.00

Note:i. Both the registration and identity card (ID) processing fees will be included in first installment of fees.

P.O. Box 23409

Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

http://www.out.ac.tz

Tel: 255-22-2666752/2668445 Ext.2101

Fax: 255-22-2668759

E-mail: [email protected]


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ii. The fees may be paid in lump sum or by instalments of 1,500,000/= and 1,465,000/=. The first instalment

should be paid during the registration. The second instalment should be paid before starting the

independent study.

iii. A separate examination fee of 30,000/= will have to be paid in respect to tests and annual examinations

before you register to sit for examinations.

Other recommended direct student costs (incurred by student/sponsors) are as tabulated below:

DESCRIPTION COSTS TShs

Books 700,000.00

Stationery 150,000.00

Independent study/ research 3,000,000.00

Thesis/ dissertation production 600,000.00Total direct student cost 4,450,000.00

Students should pay their fees through Forex Current account at NBC Limited Corporate, Branch Account No.

0111 0500 0670.

masters_clustered_courses_2013.pdf

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