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Masters (MSc) Degree in Laser Dentistry at the University of Genoa
(Genoa, February 2017 - November 2018)
The use of lasers in dentistry has now become a part of everyday clinical practice. Rapid development of technology has led to instruments with ever-improving performance; teamed with traditional methods, such laser-based instruments offer value-added benefits to primary dental treatment. Any advanced technological aids, i.e. operating microscope, piezoelectric devices, and laser require adequate know-how with a progressive learning curve. In 1999 at the University of Genoa, Prof. Alberico Benedicenti, pioneer researcher in this field established the first Proficiency Course in Italy in the use of laser photonic energy in adjunctive use in treatment of appropriate head and neck conditions. Responding to the needs of clinicians for adequate theoretical and clinical instruction, the course was set up following the foundation of the first university “Laser Therapy Center” department, within the Faculty of Medicine. Having reached its 12th year, the proficiency course expanded in 2011 to an International Masters in Laser Dentistry (MSc) degree course. The next MSc degree course will commence in February 2017. The Masters Programme is a 2-year course. In addition to offering personal post-graduate Professional enrichment, the new University Masters Programme will enable the student, under the supervision of a tutor to learn directly and also practice laser techniques which are Internationally accepted as “state-of-the-art”. Educational objectives
λ To provide postgraduate students with the confidence and ability to enhance their current clinical practice by incorporating the latest advances in technology and research in the use of lasers in dentistry.
λ To provide an innovative programme which enhances current knowledge and clinical skills in
laser use in dentistry
λ To present sound academic theory and high quality practical training by world class mentors
λ To deliver learning using the latest technology enabling students to access the course, whilst maintaining their commitment to their clinical practice.
Through lessons on theory and hands-on participation activities the Masters course aims to help the student acquire specific proficiency and clinical experience in laser wavelengths principally used in dentistry. The clinical experience activities will be held in the new department of laser therapy and surgery, with procedures performed by participants under the guidance and supervision of teachers. The course is International in character with affiliations with European and American universities. The courses will be conducted in English.
Classroom and distance learning In addition to a traditional classroom learning situation, there will be audio/video recordings of the lessons available for online access. The hands-on learning activities will be held within the Department.
Admission Criteria
λ Applicants must be able to satisfy the general admissions criteria of the university.
λ Applicants must provide evidence of their primary dental qualification from a recognised institution.
λ Applicants will have completed a preliminary course of instruction in the use of lasers in dentistry.
λ Applicants will own or have access to and routinely use a laser for application in clinical dentistry.
λ Applicants will make payment as required of course fees as applied by the University of Genoa.
Faculty Principals:
Professor Stefano Benedicenti (Director) Professor Alberico Benedicenti
Professor a.c. Steven Parker (International Coordinator) Professor a.c. Eugenia Anagnostaki Professor a.c. Mark Cronshaw Professor a.c. Rita El Feghali Professor a.c. Jihad Habli Professor a.c. Hoda El Hallal Professor a.c. Reem Hanna Professor a.c. Alex Mathews Muruppel Professor a.c. Riccardo Poli Professor a.c. Ercole Romagnoli
Additional teaching faculty to be drawn from Internationally-accredited experts in the field of laser use in dentistry and medicine.
Location:
University of Genoa – DI.S.C. - Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, San Martino Hospital pavilion 4, Largo R. Benzi 10, Genoa, Italy
Cost:
The cost of each academic year is 6,000 Euros. Total 12,000 Euros. First instalment of 4000 euros before November 2016, second instalment of 4000 euros before June 2017, third instalment of 4000 euros before June 2018
CME Credits:
CME credits are accrued during the course and are equivalent to National verifiable hours of continuing education.
Information: E-mail: [email protected]
Maximum number of participants: 40 Students
Registration deadline: October 2016
Course program and dates
Proposals for 2017 – 2018
λ The MSc course will be conducted with English as the spoken language.
λ The course shall continue as a mixture of on-campus lectures and practical sessions (San Martino Hospital, Pavillion 4, Genoa, Italy) and personal student study conducted at home and on-line.
λ The on-campus meetings shall be conducted as three individual weeks, each week running from Monday afternoon (start 14.00) to Saturday lunchtime (13.00) inclusive.
λ Students shall be liable for hotel and flight expenses.
2017 Dates for in-campus attendance.
Each day shall run from 09.00 -17.00. Detailed programmes for each period of lectures and practical session shall be made public in advance.
λ February 2017 Monday 20th – Saturday 25th
λ June 2017 Monday 12th – Saturday 17th
λ October 2017 Monday 16th – Saturday 21st
λ February 2018 Monday 19th – Saturday 24th
λ June 2018 Monday 18th – Saturday 23rd
λ November 2018 Monday 12th – Saturday 17st
MSc in Laser Dentistry
Università degli Studi di Genova
February 19th – 24th 2018
Overview of subject coverage: Statistics, Endodontics, Prosthetics, Peri-implantitis, Aesthetics student clinical cases.
Monday 19th February 2017
Faculty: S. Benedicenti, S. Parker, A. Signore, M. Chala R. Singh Rao
14.30 Statistics in Dentistry Dr Alessio Signore Analysis examples.
16.00 Coffee
16.30 Literature review of Dr Alessio Signore peri-implantitis paper with Dr Raj Singh Rao overview of statistical methods Dr Marianna Chala employed.
18.00 Close
____________________________ // _____________________________
Tuesday 20th February 2018
Faculty: S. Parker, S. Benedicenti, A. Matthews, L. Solemei, F. Manconi
09.00 Laser use with dental restorative Dr Alex Matthews materials
10.30 Coffee
11.00 Cad-cam technology and Dr Luca Solimei restorative dentistry
13.00 Lunch
14.00 Laser use in fixed prosthodontics Dr Francesco Maria Manconi
15.30 Practical – every student will prepare a central incisor on a cow mandible, using turbines and burs provided by us. They will take then a scan of their preparation with the digital camera. At this stage they will use diode laser under microscope to “ open the sulcus” and after they will take a second scan to compare the differences ( before and after laser). This exercise will show how a diode laser under magnification can be minimally invasive and precise.
18.00 Close
___________________________ // _____________________________
Wednesday 21st February 2018
Faculty: S. Parker, S. Benedicenti, M. Frosecchi, M. Chala, R. Singh Rao
09.00 Laser use in peri-implantitis Dr Massimo Frosecchi
10.30 Coffee
11.00 Laser use in peri-implantitis Dr Massimo Frosecchi
13.00 Lunch
14.00 Periodontal aspects of Dr Raj Singh Rao peri-implantitis - aPDT
15.30 Coffee
16.00 Literature review – 2 endodontic papers Dr Raj Singh Rao Dr Marianna Chala
18.00 Close
____________________________ // _____________________________
Thursday 22nd February 2018
Faculty: S. Parker, S. Benedicenti, M. Chala, E. Anagnostakis
09.00 Student clinical case structure. All students and Faculty 15 minutes per presentation to outline choice and mix of cases.
10.30 Coffee
11.00 Student clinical case structure. All students and Faculty 15 minutes per presentation to outline choice and mix of cases.
13.00 Lunch
14.00 Student clinical case structure. All students and Faculty 15 minutes per presentation to outline choice and mix of cases.
16.00 Coffee
16.30 Lasers in endodontics- a hot debate Dr Marianna Chala Dr Eugenia Anagnostakis Dr Alex Matthews Dr Mark Cronshaw
18.00 Close
__________________________ // _____________________________
Friday 23rd February 2018
Faculty: S. Parker, S. Benedicenti, R. De Moor,
09.00 Laser use in endodontics Prof. Roeland De Moor
10.30 Coffee
11.00 Laser use in endodontics Prof. Roeland De Moor
13.00 Lunch
14.00 November MCQ revisited. Analysis. Dr Steven Parker
14.45 Clinical case write up. Templates. Dr Steven Parker
15.30 Coffee
16.00 Aspects of occlusion with laser use Dr Mark Cronshaw
16.45 Marginal leakage investigation results. Prof. S. Benedicenti, Dr Eugenia Anagnostakis All Faculty
18.00 Close
____________________________ // _____________________________
Saturday 24th February 2018
Faculty: S. Benedicenti, S. Parker, Faculty
09.00 Laser-assisted facial aesthetics Dr Jihad Habli
11.00 Coffee
11.30 Assignment for next session. Literature review exercises. On-line MCQ exam
12.00 Close
____________________________ // _____________________________
MSc in Laser Dentistry
Università degli Studi di Genova
October 16th – 21st 2017
Overview of subject coverage: Hard tissue, Implants, Statistics
Monday 16th October 2017
Faculty: S. Benedicenti, S. Parker, A. Signore
14.30 Statistics in laser dentistry Dr A. Signore
16.00 Coffee
16.30 Statistics in laser dentistry Dr A. Signore
18.00 Close
____________________________ // _____________________________
Tuesday 17th October 2017
Faculty: S. Benedicenti, S. Parker, E. Anagnostaki, R. El Feghali, M. Cronshaw R. Poli
09.00 Overview of laser – hard Dr S. Parker tissue interaction
10.30 Coffee
11.00 Laser use in oral hard tissue Dr E. Anagnostaki management. Optimal Laser wavelengths and power parameters relative to absorption phenomena in oral hard tissue
13.00 Lunch
14.00 Practical hard tissue hands-on . Dr R. Poli Dr M. Cronshaw Erbium parameters Dr E. Feghali Dr E. Anagnostaki
16.00 Practical hard tissue hands-on (cont’d)
18.00 Close
___________________________ // _____________________________
Wednesday 18th October 2017
Faculty: S. Benedicenti, S. Parker, E. Anagnostaki, R. El Feghali, M. Cronshaw, R. Poli
09.00 Laser-assisted hard tissue management. Dr R. Poli
10.45 Coffee
11.15 Clinical aspects of Dr M. Cronshaw hard tissue management
13.00 Lunch
14.00 Practical hard tissue hands-on Dr R. Poli Dr M. Cronshaw Marginal seal exercise Dr E. Feghali Dr E. Anagnostaki
16.00 Practical hard tissue hands-on (cont’d)
18.00 Close
____________________________ // _____________________________
Thursday 19th October 2017
Faculty: S. Benedicenti, S. Parker, N. Berna, R. Hanna, M. Challa, R. Singh Rao
09.00 Laser interaction with alveolar bone Dr H. El Hallal
10.15 3.0 µm laser-assisted osteotomy Dr S. Parker Cause for concern?
11.00 Coffee
11.30 Laser-assisted implantology Dr N. Berna
13.00 Lunch
14.00 Laser-assisted implantology Dr N. Berna
15.45 Coffee
16.00 The scope of bone medicine and laser Dr R. Hanna technology in bone tissue management.
16.45 Laser implant literature review Dr M. Challa and student paper review. Dr R. Singh Rao
18.00 Close
____________________________ // _____________________________
Friday 20th October 2017
Faculty: S. Benedicenti, S. Parker, R. El Feghali, E. Anagnostaki, M. Challa, R. Singh Rao
09.00 Laser Safety Overview Dr S. Parker Laser Safety Officer. Local Rules
10.45 Coffee
11.15 Laser Safety clinical aspects Dr E. Feghali Eye safety.
13.00 Lunch
14.00 Laser use in snoring therapy Dr R. El Feghali
15.00 Laser use in snoring therapy Dr E. Anagnostaki
16.00 Coffee
16.30 Laser hard tissue (bone) literature Dr M. Challa review and student paper review Dr R. Singh Rao
18.00 Close
____________________________ // _____________________________
Saturday 21st October 2017
Faculty: S. Benedicenti, S. Parker, M. Challa, R. Singh Rao, Faculty
09.00 June MCQ revisited. Analysis. S. Parker / Group discussion
10.30 Coffee
11.00 Laser hard dental tissue literature review Dr M. Challa and student paper review Dr R. Singh Rao
12.30 Assignment for next session. Literature review exercises. On-line MCQ exam. Close
____________________________ // _____________________________
February 20th – 25th 2017
Overview of subject coverage: Photonics / Basic laser physics and
operating parameters / Introduction to MSc course
Monday 20th February 2017
Principal Faculty: S. Benedicenti, S. Parker, E. Romagnoli
Additional Faculty: E. Anagnostaki, H. El Hallal, R. Hanna, R. El Faghali, M. Cronshaw, R. Poli, M. Challa, R. Singh Rao
14.30 S. Benedicenti Welcome
14.40 Dr S. Parker / Teaching Faculty Overview of MSc Course
Introduction to faculty.
Aims and objectives of MSc course
Declaration of value explained
(S. Parker to provide slides to cover)
15.15 Dr S. Parker Photonic energy. History of photonics
16.15 Coffee
16.30 Dr E. Anagnostaki Preparation for Literature Review
Dr R. Hanna Review of student exercise
18.00 Close
Tuesday 21st February 2017
Faculty: S. Benedicenti, S. Parker, Additional faculty
09.00 Dr S. Parker Production of laser photonic energy by solid- state, gas and semi-conductor- based laser machines. Emission modes. Basic laser parameters.
10.00 Dr H. El Hallal Relationship of laser emission to ordinary” Dr E. Romagnoli light.
Basic computation of measurable variables in the delivery of laser photonic energy to target tissue.
11.00 Coffee
11.30 Dr H. El Hallal Relationship of laser emission to ordinary” Dr E. Romagnoli light.
Basic computation of measurable variables in the delivery of laser photonic energy to target tissue.
13.00 Lunch
14.00 Student group Presentation of clinical cases – 1 case (2-3 slides) per student. Presented as forum discussion.
15.15 Coffee
15.45 Student group Presentation of clinical cases – 1 case (2-3 slides) per student. Cont’d.
16.00 Dr R. El Feghali Clinical case exam overview
Dr R. Hanna Slide presentation of Clin. Cases
Discussion of cases with 2017 faculty
18.00 Close
Wednesday 22nd February 2017
Faculty: S. Benedicenti, S. Parker, Additional faculty
09.00 Dr. M Cronshaw Overview of thesis requirements. Resource of reference material. Mentor responsibilities explained.
11.00 Coffee
11.30 Faculty TBA Mentor assignment for 2015 / 16. Requirement for June meeting.
Student thesis subject discussion.
13.00 Lunch
14.00 Practical Company presentation of lasers to demonstrate wavelength capabilities
15.45 Coffee
16.15 Practical Company presentation of lasers to demonstrate wavelength capabilities
18.00 Close
Thursday 23rd February 2017
Faculty: S. Benedicenti, S. Parker, Additional Faculty
09.00 Dr S. Parker Basics of laser – tissue interaction.
10.30 Coffee
11.00 Dr R. El Feghali Aspects of laser tissue interaction. Fibre
Dr R. Poli initiation
13.00 Lunch
14.00 Teaching Faculty Student exercise to perform hard and soft tissue interaction exercises on animal tissue /teeth.
18.00 Close
Friday 24th February 2017
Faculty: S. Benedicenti, S. Parker, Additional faculty
09.00 Dr S. Parker Basics of photobiomodulation. PBM vs Q-PBM
10.30 Coffee
11.00 Teaching faculty Presentation of examples of theses from 2013/14 MSc
(R. Hanna / R. Poli / M.Cronshaw / R.El Feghali / E. Anagnostaki / M. Challa / R. Singh Rao)
13.00 Lunch
14.00
14.00 Teaching faculty Presentation of examples of theses from 2013/14 MSc
(R. Hanna / R. Poli / M.Cronshaw / R.El Feghali / E. Anagnostaki / M. Challa / R. Singh Rao)
15.30 Coffee
16.00 Teaching faculty Presentation of examples of theses from 2013/14 MSc
(R. Hanna / R. Poli / M.Cronshaw / R.El Feghali / E. Anagnostaki / M. Challa / R. Singh Rao)
18.00 Close
Saturday 25th February 2017
Faculty: S. Benedicenti, S. Parker, Additional Faculty
09.00 Dr E. Anagnostaki Laser photobleaching. Introduction
Dr R. El Feghali
11.00 Coffee
11.15 Dr M. Challa Laser treatment of dental hypersensitivity
Dr H. El Hallal
12.30 Assignment for next session. Literature review exercises. On-line MCQ exam
13.00 Close
Syllabus Overview
The two-year Master of Science (MSc) in Laser Dentistry is a composite structure to allow maximum flexibility for the student and integration into
existing General Dental Practice.
Three essential areas of activity are recognised for qualification:
λ Home study: Background study, preparation and literature review.
λ On-campus: Commitment to receive didactic learning, hands-on learning and practice, clinical techniques teaching and evaluation, together with opportunity for consolidation of learning with faculty and mentors.
At approximately 3 weeks following the on-campus meetings in February, June and October 2017, together with February 2018, there will be an on-line MCQ exam (each exam of 50 questions – 200 in total).
λ Individual projects: Clinical case preparation and presentation. Dissertation and thesis preparation and presentation, together with personal research project.
Areas of teaching and learning for MSc programmes.
Syllabus Overview
Syllabus - areas of study
λ The syllabus will be underpinned by a thorough knowledge and understanding of laser physics and laser – tissue interaction.
λ Additional core areas shall explore the phenomena of ablative and non-ablative uses and application of laser photonic energy.
λ With such basics, the wider applications of laser use in dentistry shall be considered.
λ At all times, the application of laser photonic energy shall be based on evidence and published research and considerable emphasis shall be placed on review of selected literature.
λ Students shall be expected to demonstrate clinical skills commensurate with the appropriate level of post-graduate study. Clinical case presentations shall form a core example of these skills.
λ The award of the MSc degree shall be based on the following:
(i) Attendance at each of the in-campus sessions throughout the period of the course.
(ii) Compilation and presentation of five clinical case studies of the student’s choice, to display understanding and suitable use of laser photonic energy within a clinical setting.
(iii) Successful completion of a multiple-choice written examination.
(iv) Presentation of a personal thesis to reflect the student’s understanding and research into a subject allied to laser use in dentistry.
The areas of activity are covered during year one to a level of detail and
application consistent with a post-graduate diploma. These areas are
covered in greater detail and reference during year two of the MSc course,
together with additional areas such as research project and thesis.
Syllabus Overview
Methods of Study
λ E-learning: The majority of the learning resources will be online. The programme will combine interactive distance learning, webinars, live learning and print to create an integrated learning programme, using the best of new media and technology. Addition requirements will be met through the presentation of on-campus course elements provided at the University of Genoa.
λ Ownership: The programme is designed to encourage the student to take responsibility for his/her own learning. The emphasis of the MSc degree is on a self-directed approach to learning.
λ Resources: Students will have access to The University of Genoa’s online library.
λ Methods of Assessment: Multiple choice questions administered after live/distance and interactive lectures and course elements are designed to appraise a level of learning consistent with expected outcomes. Documentation and pictures submitted for assessment for case studies shall be judged against the formatted assessment guidelines.
Syllabus – core and applied areas of laser use in dentistry
Syllabus Overview
Syllabus Overview
Foundations of Lasers in Medicine and Dentistry
Aim: This unit will provide a basis of theoretical
knowledge of photonics, the electromagnetic
spectrum and relationship between photon energy,
wavelength and frequency. The development of theory
into the production of machines capable of
producing coherent laser photonic energy, together with examples of current
laser use in dentistry.
Laser tissue interactionAim: This unit covers all
aspects of interaction between a chosen laser wavelength and a target
tissue element. The influence of emission
modes and power density factors, together with parameters governing
thermal change within the tissue will be
demonstrated. Benefits and complications of
laser-tissue interaction.
Laser safety Aim: This unit provides a
comprehensive review of regulatory and practical aspects of laser safety, reflecting both IEC and
ANSI(USA) regulations.
Low level laser use Aim: This unit provides knowledge of sub-ablative (non-surgical)
laser photonic energy and its interaction with target tissue
elements. The concept of photobiomodulation is explored
and clinical use of low-level laser devices is demonstrated. Additionally, the use of non-
ablative laser radiation in diagnostics is described, together with laser use in photodynamic therapy.
Laser use with soft tissueAim: A comprehensive exploration of all laser
wavelengths with target oral soft tissue elements. Emphasis to be placed on
the benefits and drawbacks of laser use verses other
surgical treatment modalities. Examples of
clinical techniques, comparisons of
wavelengths and expected outcomes of surgical
procedures on para-dontal (fixed – ketartinised) soft tissue structures and non-
dental, non-keratinised soft tissue structures in the oral
cavity.
Laser use in periodontologyAim: Overview of
pathogenesis of periodontal disease. The use of surgical
and non-surgical lasers in the treatment of periodontal
pathologies. Emphasis to be placed on the adjunctive role
of lasers within accepted treatment modalities.
Laser use with hard tissue Aim: A
comprehensive exploration of all laser wavelengths with target dental hard
tissue and alveolar bone elements. Emphasis to be placed on the benefits and
drawbacks of laser use verses other surgical treatment modalities.
Examples throughout of clinical techniques,
comparisons of wavelengths and expected
outcomes of surgical procedures. Exploration of
integration of current restorative materials
technology with adjunctive laser use in cavity
preparation and restoration.
Laser use in endodonticsAim: An overview of the pathogenesis of dentine hypersensitivity, pulpal
pathology and peri-apical infection associated with the consequences of pulp death.
The use of lasers in pulp flowmetry. The use of laser
photonic energy in the physical preparation of the root canal, elimination of
bacterial contamination and obturation techniques in
endodontics. Emphasis to be given to the adjunctive use of
laser radiation within accepted therapeutic
protocols. The use of lasers in the treatment of apical
pathology and open-flap peri-apical surgery.
Laser use in implantologyAim: An overview to be
provided on the development and practical protocols
associated with the placement of root-form osseointegrated dental
implants. Consideration given as to the adjunctive use of lasers in the preparation of
the osteotomy site and exposure of 2nd-stage implant
recovery techniques. Pathogenesis of peri-
implantitis and the possible use of surgical and low-level laser radiation in treatment
modalities. Additional adjunctive use of
photosensitisers in low-level photodynamic anti-bacterial
chemotherapy in the treatment of peri-implantitis.
Statistics Aim: This unit will aim to provide the student with a basic appreciation of statistical analysis and how
it can be integrated into research techniques. An overview will be provided of current statistical methods
and how they can be applied with mathematical examples. Students will be encouraged to complete
example computations of analysis.
Syllabus – core and applied areas of laser use in dentistry
Unit 1. Foundations of Lasers in Medicine and Dentistry
Aim: This unit will provide a basis of theoretical knowledge of photonics, the electromagnetic spectrum and relationship between photon energy, wavelength and frequency. The development of theory into the production of machines capable of producing coherent laser photonic energy, together with examples of current laser use in dentistry will be demonstrated.
λ Light propagation and interaction in nature. Electromagnetic spectrum.
λ Light physics. Consideration of electromagnetic spectrum. Historical perspectives.
λ Physics foundations of laser photonics. Laser photonic energy propagation
λ History of laser development. Photo-electric effect, MASER, LASER. Integration of lasers into medicine and dentistry.
λ Basic principles of laser light production. Population inversion phenomena.
λ Examples of laser units.
Unit 2. Laser tissue interaction
Aim: This unit covers all aspects of interaction between a chosen laser wavelength and a target tissue element. The influence of emission modes and power density factors, together with parameters governing thermal change within the tissue will be demonstrated. Additional clinical examples will demonstrate the benefits and complications of laser-tissue interaction.
λ Theoretical aspects of light interaction with target tissue elements. Absorption phenomena. Calculation of absorption coefficient, ablation threshold.
λ Photoablation phenomena – photovaporolysis, photoplasmolysis.
λ Laser emission modes. Laser ablation of soft tissue. Laser ablation of hard tissue. Theoretical concepts.
λ Factors affecting laser-tissue interaction. Power density phenomena. Contact / non-contact applications. Physical parameters of laser applications- beam angle, adjunctive cooling factors. Tissue thermal relaxation concepts and applications.
λ Benefits of laser tissue interaction. Complications – wavelength, power, anatomy.
λ Literature Review A selective literature review of theoretical and clinical articles will be studied and assessed.
Unit 3. Laser safety
Aim: This unit provides a comprehensive review of regulatory and practical aspects of laser safety, reflecting both IEC and ANSI(USA) regulations.
λ Factors contributing to the need for laser safety
λ Regulatory framework defining laser safety. IEC, ANSI Regulations.
λ Review of computation of MPE, NOHD for differing laser wavelengths
λ Factors that affect safety within the controlled area
λ Defining a “best practice” approach to laser safety. Local Rules
λ Literature Review. A selective literature review of theoretical and clinical articles will be studied and assessed.
Unit 4. Low level laser use
Aim: This unit provides knowledge of sub-ablative (non-surgical) laser photonic energy and its interaction with target tissue elements. The concept of photobiomodulation is explored and clinical use of low-level laser devices is demonstrated. Additionally, the use of non-ablative laser radiation in diagnostics is described, together with laser use in photodynamic therapy.
λ History of low level photonic energy use. Heliotherapy. Photobiomodulation
λ Overview of differing uses of low-level photonic energy
λ Intra-cellular aspects of low-level laser radiation
λ Extra-cellular aspects of low-level laser radiation. Pain control, Aspects of inflammatory response modulation.
λ Photo-dynamic therapy. Development, applications, theory.
λ Clinical aspects of PDT. Anti-bacterial aspects. Clinical techniques.
λ Photodiagnosis. Theory. Applications. Caries detection. OCT techniques.
λ Literature Review. A selective literature review of theoretical and clinical articles will be studied and assessed.
Unit 5. Laser use with soft tissue
Aim: A comprehensive exploration of all laser wavelengths with target oral soft tissue elements. Emphasis to be placed on the benefits and drawbacks of laser use verses other surgical treatment modalities. Examples throughout of clinical techniques, comparisons of wavelengths and expected outcomes of surgical procedures on para-dontal (fixed – ketartinised) soft tissue structures and non-dental, non-keratinised soft tissue structures in the oral cavity.
λ Overview of absorption phenomena relative to wavelength
λ Anatomical considerations
λ Laser use with non-keratinised, non-attached oral soft tissue
λ Laser use with keratinised, attached soft tissue.
λ Clinical techniques. Comparison of wavelengths and surgical procedure.
λ Literature Review. A selective literature review of theoretical and clinical articles will be studied and assessed.
Unit 6. Laser use in periodontology
Aim: Overview of pathogenesis of periodontal disease. The use of surgical and non-surgical lasers in the treatment of periodontal pathologies. Emphasis to be placed on the adjunctive role of lasers within accepted treatment modalities.
λ Consideration of pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Overview of current theory.
λ Role of laser radiation in treatment of prime aspects of periodontal disease.
λ Laser use in gingival curettage. Techniques, benefits, drawbacks, comparisons with conventional techniques.
λ Laser use in bacterial decontamination. Techniques, benefits, drawbacks. Comparison with conventional treatment modalities.
λ Laser use in calculus removal. Techniques, benefits, drawbacks. Comparison with conventional techniques.
λ Laser use in reconstructive surgery. Infra-bony pocket treatment. GBR techniques.
λ Use of Low-level lasers in periodontal treatment. PACT techniques.
λ Literature review. A selective literature review of theoretical and clinical articles will be studied and assessed.
Unit 7. Laser use with hard tissue
Aim: A comprehensive exploration of all laser wavelengths with target dental hard tissue and alveolar bone elements. Emphasis to be placed on the benefits and drawbacks of laser use verses other surgical treatment modalities. Examples throughout of clinical techniques, comparisons of wavelengths and expected outcomes of surgical procedures. Exploration of integration of current restorative materials technology with adjunctive laser use in cavity preparation and restoration.
λ Overview of absorption phenomena relative to wavelength
λ Consideration of thermal phenomena relative to pulse delivery and hard tissue ablation.
λ Anatomical considerations. Cavity design considerations. Micro-retention composite technology relative to cavity preparation using laser photonic energy.
λ Laser tissue interaction with enamel. Prime chromophore interaction. Spallation.
λ Laser tissue interaction with dentine. Prime chromophore interaction. Removal of caries.
λ Laser effects on hard tissues: SEM investigation, analysis and comparison with traditional techniques
λ Adhesion to laser-treated tissues. Micro leakage and bond strength. Clinical procedures
λ Temperature rise in pulp chamber during cavity preparation. Deep dentin treatment and decontamination
λ Use of laser radiation in bone surgery. Anatomical / surgical considerations.
λ Literature Review A selective literature review of theoretical and clinical articles will be studied and assessed.
Unit 8. Laser use in endodontics
Aim: An overview of the pathogenesis of dentine hypersensitivity, pulpal pathology and peri- apical infection associated with the consequences of pulp death. The use of lasers in pulp flowmetry. The use of laser photonic energy in the physical preparation of the root canal, elimination of bacterial contamination and obturation techniques in endodontics. Empasis to be given to the adjunctive use of laser radiation within accepted therapeutic protocols. The use of lasers in the treatment of apical pathology and open-flap peri-apical surgery.
λ Consideration of pathogenesis of pulpal inflammation / infection. Overview of current theory of endodontic treatment of deciduous and permanent teeth.
λ Overview of absorption phenomena relative to wavelength
λ Consideration of procedures. Laser pulpal flowmetry. Pulp capping, laser-assisted canal preparation, laser-assisted bacterial reduction.
λ Additional clinical applications. Laser-assisted canal obturation. Laser-assisted apical surgery. Dentine hypersensitivity.
λ Literature Review A selective literature review of theoretical and clinical articles will be studied and assessed.
Unit 9. Laser use in implantology
Aim: An overview to be provided on the development and practical protocols associated with the placement of root-form osseointegrated dental implants. Consideration given as to the adjunctive use of lasers in the preparation of the osteotomy site and exposure of 2nd-stage implant recovery techniques. Pathogenesis of peri-implantitis and the possible use of surgical and low-level laser radiation in treatment modalities. Additional adjunctive use of photosensitisers in low-level photodynamic anti-bacterial chemotherapy in the treatment of peri-implantitis.
λ Overview of current theory and application of osseointegration in relation to implantology.
λ Risk analysis of laser radiation in implantology. Review of wavelength / temporal emission modes and effects on implant surface.
λ Laser-assisted procedures in relation to implantology. Osteotomy preparation, 2nd – Stage recovery of implants.
λ Pathogenesis of peri-implantology. Consideration of current treatment protocols. Use of laser radiation in the adjunctive treatment of peri-implantology.
λ Literature Review A selective literature review of theoretical and clinical articles will be studied and assessed.
Unit 10. Statistics
Aim: This unit will aim to provide the student with a basic appreciation of statistical analysis and how it can be integrated into research techniques. An overview will be provided of current statistical methods and how they can be applied with mathematical examples. Students will be encouraged to complete example computations of analysis.
λ Overview of statistics. Terminology. Mathematic application.
λ Concepts in research design, data collection, analysis and interpretation with particular relevance to laser use in dentistry.
λ Literature review of published papers covering research methods will be studied.
Unit 11. Esthetics in dentistry and medicine
Aim: This topic will cover laser procedures in esthetic dentistry and medicine ***NOTE: Some aspects of this module may not be compatible with National / State licensing Boards and may be omitted for the individual student who may be affected by such rulings ***. Modern concept of face beauty
λ Overview of current application of pulsed light ( IPL) and laser light for hair removal, skin rejuvenation-biostimulation, smoothening of wrinkles, skin resurfacing, acne and scar reducing, improving texture and laxity.
λ Modern concepts of smile design and esthetic dentistry
λ Tooth Bleaching
λ Impression/gingival sulcular preparation
λ Gingival re-contouring
λ Osseous crown lengthening
λ CAD-CAM impression and ceramic restoration
Unit 12. Case Studies
Aim: The outreach of the degree is determined as a qualified level of competence in both theoretical and practical aspects of laser dentistry. The submission of clinical cases shall be deemed as evidence of adjunctive laser use in the delivery of primary dental care. The post- graduate diploma level shall be the submission of 5 (five) case studies in a chosen laser wavelength or combined laser wavelengths. A formatted template shall enable a standardised approach to clinical case submission. Additional to this unit shall be a guide to photographic techniques and MS PowerPoint techniques (Mac equivalent). Submission of clinical cases shall be in hard copy and digitised formats.
λ Detailed guidelines for case presentation and photography will be provided.
λ Photographic documentation and written descriptions of clinical cases will be submitted online, using a pre-formatted template file for assessment purposes.
λ Minimum requirements - images will include before, after and significant steps during the treatment to portray the use of the chosen laser wavelength and technique.
** See Appendix # 1 Clinical Case Presentation Template
Unit 13. Dissertation
Aim: The dissertation is the final element of the MSc course. Each student shall be required to submit a 15,000 word thesis. A member of the faculty shall be assigned to the candidate, depending on the chosen area of laser use in dentistry. This mentor shall be responsible for guiding the student through thesis development, writing and presentation process (as per university current guidelines).
** See Appendix # 2 Dissertation assessment sheet.
Multiple-choice written examination.
A 200 question MCQ paper will be given for each student to complete.
Time allowed: 3 Hours.
Pass mark: 70%
Outline of on-campus meetings by date and subject area covered
Year One 2017 Month February 2017 June 2017 October 2017
Laser Basics X X X Laser-tissue Interaction
X X X
Laser Safety X Low Level
Laser X X
Laser Soft Tissue
X X
Perio X X Laser Hard
Tissue X X
Laser Endodontics
X X
Laser Implants
X
Statistics Research
X
Case Studies X X Hands-on X X X
Dissertation X X
Year Two 2018 Month February 2018 June 2018 November 2018
Laser Basics X Laser-tissue Interaction
X X
Laser Safety X Low Level
Laser X X
Laser Soft Tissue
X
Perio Laser Hard
Tissue X
Laser Endodontics
X
Laser Implants
X X
Statistics Research
X
Case Studies X
Student presentation of completed clinical case
studies – one as a Powerpoint / MAC
presentation viva and 5 cases as digitised copy
format.
Student presentation of completed Thesis –
15,000 words in hard copy and digitised copy
formats.
Students sit MCQ written examination – 200 questions, 3 hours.
Pass mark 70%.