STATE OF CITIES AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN PROVISIONS

XV Annual NOSPlan ConventionTHEME: SAFE CITIES

Safe Cities

• Safe City- It is a concept which enhances the protection of general public and reduces their exposure to risks caused by both, disaster as well as crime in a city.

• From planning aspect, coordinated policies and action in spatial planning (building height to street width ratio which avoids creation of confined passages), transport (frequency of service) and urban design (building facade can create friendly spaces and even commercial ground floor uses) in particular contributes in reducing the crime in the city as well as making it safe from the disasters it is vulnerable to.

Development Plan

?

Legal Document

Long term perspective plan

For guiding sustainable planned development

Basis for all infrastructure requirement

Lays down planning guidelines, policies, development code, etc

Source: Delhi Development Authority (DDA)

Jabalpur Development

Plan

JABALPUR- Location

• Latitude: 23°10' North• Longitude: 79°57'

East• Altitude: 393 meters

above mean sea level (MSL)

Source: Jabalpur Development Plan, 2005

City Profile

DEMOGRAPHY• Population: 1.2 million• Population Density:

338/Hectare• Average Household

Size: 5.35

TOPOGRAPHY• Located on the banks of the

perennial Narmada River.• Surrounded by low rocky and

barren lands.• Entire area of the city is hilly,

with slopes differing in grade from 2 to 30 per cent.

• The city is almost bifurcated by a central ridge running parallel to the railway line that girds the city in a horseshoe (“U”) shape.

GEOLOGYVariety of soils formed by decomposition of fragmented quartz, feldspar and silica mixed with alumina, iron, magnesia, lime and alkali.

Municipal Area: 129.20 Sq. KmPlanning Area: 245.17 Sq. Km

Source: Jabalpur Development Plan, 2005

Historical Background Of City

Jabalpur city is part of the Jabalpur congregation comprising of Jabalpur city, Jabalpur Cantonment and Khamaria Township.

This ancient city (traditionally also known as "Mahakoshal") is located in central India, in the state of Madhya Pradesh.

The city owes its cultural heritage to the Kalchuri Dynasty, which was at its zenith in 300 BC.

At present, the city is prominent for the Government of India’s defense and military establishments that are located in and around the city.

The College of Defense Management (formerly, Army Officers' School) and large factories like the Gun Carriage Factory, Ordinance Factory, etc. are located here.

Source: Jabalpur City Development Plan, 2011

Bhedaghat

Chausath Yogini Temple

High Court

Case Study Jabalpur

Earthquake, 1997

Seismic Details

Intensity Scale for Jabalpur = MKS VII MSK VIII - Destruction of Buildings

(a) Fright and panic; also persons

driving motor cars are disturbed.  

(b) Most buildings of rural structure

and reinforced buildings suffer

damage like destruction. Stone walls

collapse.

(c) Small landslips in hollows and on

banked roads on steep slopes occur;

there are cracks in ground up to

widths of several centimeters.

Waters in lakes become turbid. New

reservoirs come into existence.

Jabalpur

Source: National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)

Impact of Earthquake

The earthquake caused significant damage to structures in Jabalpur, and also the surrounding districts of Jabalpur. Date 22 May, 1997

Origin Time

04 Hrs. 21min. 31.8sec.

Epicenter Lat. 23.08 N, Long. 80.06 E

Focal Depth

35Km.

Magnitude 6.0• The earthquake brought an untold rain of sorrows to over

15,416 families who were rendered homeless and more than 3,06,389 houses were partially damaged.

• In Jabalpur City, 67 wards were affected while the number of villages affected in Jabalpur district was 1859.

• Out of 39 deaths which occurred due to earthquake, 38 alone were in Jabalpur City and one death occurred in Chhindwada.

• Massive destruction created is among the 2-3 storeyed residential buildings of various government agencies: Dept. of telecom, railways etc.

Source: EERI special Earthquake report, EERI Newsletter, Vol. 32, No. 2, Aug. 1997

Source: EERI special Earthquake report, EERI Newsletter, Vol. 32, No. 2, Aug. 1997

Disaster and Development

Development can increase Vulnerabi

lity

Development can reduce

Vulnerability

Disaster can provide

development

opportunities

Disaster can set

back Develop

ment

Development Realm

Neg

ati

ve R

ealm

Positiv

e R

ealm

Disaster Realm

• For the development plan of 2021 year, there is an addition made to the provisions of 2005 development plan.

• The additional provision says that, the abandoned areas which are naturally hazardous, should follow the provisions, rules and regulations profoundly.

• While re-developing the effected area, special techniques should be used which strengthens the building in bearing high magnitude shocks of earthquake.

• The Indian Standard Institute has published a document (13827-1993) which is provided with “Guidelines for improving earthquake resistance of earthen buildings’’. These guidelines are to be followed for such building.

• The development cost for earthquake resistant housing increases by 2-3% of total cost.

• For the above mentioned provisions, Jabalpur Development Authority, Municipal Corporation, Jabalpur District Rural Development Agency and Madhya Pradesh Housing Board engineers can provide guidance for the designing purpose.

Year 2005 Year 2021

Master Plan Provisions for Earthquake Resilient Development

Source: Jabalpur Development Plan, 2005 Jabalpur Development Plan, 2021

Land Use AnalysisExisting Residential

Proposed ResidentialProposed Recreational

Existing Agriculture

Proposed Public & Semi - Public

Proposed Market Gardening

Existing Public & Semi Public

Proposed ResidentialExisting ResidentialProposed MandiProposed Public & Semi PublicProposed IndustrialExtended Area into Municipal Boundary

Source: Jabalpur Development Plan, 2005 Jabalpur Development Plan, 2021

Jabalpur Land Use Map, 2005Jabalpur Land Use Map, 2021

Proposed Land use map with seismic zonation

High Risk ZoneMedium Risk ZoneLow Risk Zone

Proposed Land Use Map with Seismic Zonation

Source: Jabalpur Development Plan, 2021 Geological Survey of India

Crime Scenario in Jabalpur

Crime scenario in Jabalpur

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 120

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Annually Recorded IPC Crimes (2001-2012)

YEAR

Nu

mb

er

of

Re

co

rde

d C

ase

s

20052001 2002 2003 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Source: www.mppolice.gov.in

Transportation

Public Transportation: Presently the usage of public transportation is observed to be just 7%. This is due to, no proper connectivity of the city.

Under JNNURM scheme, the Jabalpur City Transport System is proposed keeping two elements majorly in view. Those are the good accessibility and safety of the city

Map Showing: proposed public transportation routes by Jnnurm

Source: Jabalpur City Transport Service Limited.

Housing

Slum

Source: Jabalpur City Development Plan, 2011

Map Showing: Location of Slums

So What Next..???

Level 1 : Macro Planning

Level 3 : Micro Planning

Level 2 :

?

SuggestionsObservation

Vaguely worded and obsolete codal provision.

No clarity on how the new codes and the proposed revision to the existing codes will be applied.

Post Disaster Initiatives

Review of Development Control Regulations

Division of development control rules can be into two parts: State wise and Issues dependent on local conditions. Issues dependent on local conditions are planning regulations, local building regulations and standards, maintenance and up gradation regulation to be framed locally with local considerations.

Source: The Indian Concrete Journal, Vol. 72, No. 11, Nov. 1998 Proceedings of 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland,

New Zealand, 2000.

No earthquake resistant features were observed in the effected buildings

No seismic provisions incorporated in building bye-laws.

There is a clear need to put in place a system wherein the municipal authorities are in a position to enforce seismic code provision in all new constructions. Informal building construction

taking place without involvement of engineers and no regard to seismic safety.

Lack of involvement of professional engineers in seismic agenda.

Penalize the Defaulters. Offer some incentives to

municipal engineers, so that they perform their responsibility and also to conduct special review in structural framework of the buildings

Future Outlook

Seismic Micro zonation

• The micro zonation which is done for seismic hazard mitigation has to be taken into account while planning the new development area.

• National Vulnerability Assessment methodology (component of earthquake disaster risk management framework)

i. Rapid Visual Screening: only visual evaluation and limited additional information; compulsory for all buildings.

ii. Simplified Vulnerability Assessment: Limited engineering analysis on the basis of information from visual observation and structural drawings; for all buildings with high concentration of people.

iii. Detailed Vulnerability Assessment: Detailed computer analysis; Important for all lifeline and important buildings.

Crime Reductions FactorsThree Planning Components

Transportation

Spatial arrangement

Urban Design

IMPLEMENTATION

Public Transporta

tion

Mixed Land Use

Micro level

Planning

Thank YouAnmol AnandAnusha Matam

Kushagra Sinha

Shivani KhadkeSrishti Arya

Swarna Dutt