master of urban regeneration dissertation
TRANSCRIPT
THESIS REPORT
ON
Posters, banners and billboards as a Visual Pollution
Master of Architecture Urban Regeneration
First Semester 2017-2018
Submitted by Samiullah Chand
Guided by
Ar. Somi Chatterjee
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE & EKISTICS JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA
NEW DELHI-110025 Faculty of Architecture & Ekistics,
Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi
Certificate
In the partial fulfilment of the Master of Architecture (Urban Regeneration) I- Sem degree
program, this is to certify that ‘Samiullah Chand has worked on the Dissertation
Report entitled ‘Posters, banners and billboards as a Visual Pollution’ under my
guidance and supervision.
Ar Somi Chatterjee Ar. Iqtedar Alam Dissertation Guide Course Co-ordinator
Prof. S.M. Akhtar Dr. Hina Zia Head of Department Dean External Examiner 1
External Examiner 2
Declaration
I, Samiullah Chand, hereby declare that the Dissertation entitled ‘Posters, banners and
billboards as a Visual Pollution’ submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirement
for the award of the degree of Master of Architecture (Urban Regeneration) I- Sem is my
original research work and that the information taken from secondary sources is given
due citations and references.
Samiullah Chand
Date: 30/11/2018 M.Arch (Urban Regeneration) I- Sem
Place: New Delhi
2017-18
Acknowledgement
O God, I would at the outset, like to express my deepest sense of gratitude indebtedness towards my parents for making me who I am today. I would like to thanks the undying support of my friends and teachers.
It is matter of great honour to express my heartfelt gratitude to all the people whose participatory efforts have contributed in the completion of this report. I would like to thanks my guide Ar. Somi Chatterjee, for her valuable guidance, patient hearing and professional approach were largely responsible for the finalisation of this dissertation. I would like to thank Ar.Iqtedar Alam, Ar. Arshiya I Ahmad, and Ar. Sana Zahra for valuable advice and practical guidance. I would indispensably mention immense gratefulness to Mohd faizan, Tanveer Alam to help me with my research and implementation would also like to thank to my class meet for their encouragement in a number of ways.
Samiullah Chand
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Table of Contents Posters, banners and billboards as a Visual Pollution ................................................................................. iv
Synopsis ....................................................................................................................................................... iv
Abstract .................................................................................................................................................... iv
Problem statement ................................................................................................................................... v
Relevance .................................................................................................................................................. v
Aim and Objective ..................................................................................................................................... v
Methodology ............................................................................................................................................ vi
Scope and Limitations ............................................................................................................................ viii
Part -1 ............................................................................................................................................................ 1
Chapter-1 ...................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 2
1.2 Visual Pollution ............................................................................................................................. 2
1.3 Types of visual Pollution. .............................................................................................................. 3
1.4 Sources of Visual pollutions. ......................................................................................................... 4
Chapter-2 ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
2. Policies and Regulation ..................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 In Indian context ........................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 In Foreign countries. ..................................................................................................................... 5
Chapter-3 ...................................................................................................................................................... 7
3.1 Visual Pollution and its impact on community. ............................................................................ 7
3.2 Transformation of street Characters in the poster banners uneven displaying area. .................. 7
3.3 Role of poster and banners in degeneration of city personalities. ............................................... 8
3.4 Pollution free environment ........................................................................................................... 8
3.5 Menace due to visual pollution. ....................................................................................................... 11
Chapter-4 .................................................................................................................................................... 12
4.1 Theories and literature study related to Visual pollutions. .............................................................. 12
4.2 Impact of poster and banners on Human psychology. ..................................................................... 13
Part -2 .......................................................................................................................................................... 14
Site Study .................................................................................................................................................... 15
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5.1 Site Observations .............................................................................................................................. 16
5.2 Questionnaire ................................................................................................................................... 21
5.3 Psychology of Workers and impact on economic profile of workers ......................................... 22
6. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................... 23
7. References .......................................................................................................................................... 24
7.1 Bibliography .................................................................................................................................... 25
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LIST OF FIGURE
FIGURE 1LANDUSE LBZ ........................................................................................................................................................ 9
FIGURE 2 EACH ELEMENT OF ROAD ARE ARRANGE ONLY INFORMATION SIGNAGE DISPLAYED ............................................................. 10
FIGURE 3 LUST GREEN OF LBZ ............................................................................................................................................. 10
FIGURE 4 RE-DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR THE LUTYENS BUNGALOW ZONE, FOR THE MINISTRY OF URBAN ........................................... 11
FIGURE 5 CONCEPT OF AUTHOR WITH VISIBILITY..................................................................................................................... 13
FIGURE 6 DISTRIC OF NCT ................................................................................................................................................. 15
FIGURE 7 BATLA HOUSE SITE STUDY AREA ............................................................................................................................. 15
FIGURE 8 SITE SURVEY ....................................................................................................................................................... 16
FIGURE 9 POLLUTANT CONTACT WITH VISUAL POLLTION IN BATLA HOUSE ................................................................................... 17
FIGURE 10 UNPLANNED STREETS ......................................................................................................................................... 18
FIGURE 11 BUS STOP COVER WITH POSTER AND SICKER ............................................................................................................ 18
FIGURE 12 NEWLY CONSTRUCTED GRAVEYARD BOUNDARY DEFACED BY POSTERS .......................................................................... 19
FIGURE 13 METRO PILLAR COVERED WITH POLITICAL AND SOCIAL WORKERS POSTERS ..................................................................... 20
FIGURE 14 STREET AND DIVIDERS LOOKING UGLY WITH POSETER ................................................................................................ 20
FIGURE 15 SURVEY QUESTION RESPONDS .............................................................................................................................. 21
FIGURE 16 LOCATION OF SCREENING OF POSTER AND BILLBOARDS ............................................................................................. 22
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Posters, banners and billboards as a Visual Pollution
Synopsis Abstract
Visual pollution is more poisonous than any other pollution become it kills the soul.
(Friedenseich Hundetwasser)
Visual pollution is the first impression of a community. Which is constructed with natural and manmade
surrounding that energize an individuals with respects to visually pleasant towards aesthetical value of
community. In recent time visual pollution is hidden effect on all organism form long time. It is form with
uneven management, excess use of outdoor advertisements that is poster, banners, billboards, etc. This
disturbs the civic sense of an individual’s towards aesthetics, and economic health of visually pleasant
environments. Pollution of earth, water and air of physical as well as chemically in rural and urban
environment has received considerable attentions in commissioned studies as well as non-commissioned
studies in both developed and developing worlds. This dissertation studies ways by which posters and
billboards have adversely impact on urban and rural atmosphere. This study cover Batla House, Jamia
Nagar, New Delhi. This area serve as socio-economic, cultural, educational and political aspects of
societies in Delhi. In Delhi most of the colonies or residential area are full of visual pollutants with irregular
arrangements of billboards, poster on decorated wall, garbage heaps, ruins buildings and so on. The
studying site condition are compare with different location of Delhi which is free from visual pollution that is
Connaught place and Lutyens Bungalow Zone. These area are full of green garden and open space to
enjoy visual seen, stress free environment with respect to visual pollution. This study involve a theoretical
framework, aesthetical value, and economic health. Visual pollution not only in India it is Omni-present
which cover all over the world in developed nations have certain regulation to control over visual pollution.
The psychology of human being living in visually polluted environment form childhood have lost their sense
to understand the beauty or aesthetics of pleasant environments. This dissertation make some
recommendation to city management to protect the image of city and original sense of the built or natural
environments and protect the peace in enjoying seen.
Key words: posters, banners, hording, billboards, visual pollution, negative impact, image.
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Problem statement
Visual pollution is one of the challenge for the developing countries of the world as well as in India. The
poster and banners play negative impact in built-up environment no space for these type of activity in habitat
areas. In our societies lack of awareness among the people of in respect of visual aesthetics of built/unbuilt
space. The constituents materials which used to made of banners, posters and hoardings are hazardous
for the health of flora and fauna in the living environment. It’s derogate the economic health of our cities
and ruins the image of the cities. So that need to find solution to protect from visual pollution.
Relevance
Every individual have right to live in pollution-free environment and enjoying the scenic beauty of landscape.
It is important to preserve the aesthetics and ethical value in order to protect the image of city. Due to
presence of pollutants in city in the form of poster, banners, billboards, and hoardings which degenerate
the quality of life. It is important to control over excess advertisements in the city. Controlling over
advertisements in the city used as a regeneration of city into a livable visual environment.
Aim and Objective
Studying the negative impact of banners, posters, hording, and billboards in Batla House
To find the relevant literature studies.
Definition of visual pollution
To study Type of visual pollution
To identify the components of Visual pollution.
To identify the major stakeholders involved in visual pollution.
To study the impact of visual pollution.
To identify health issues.
To study about human and environment relationship.
To study how Solid waste is generated.
To examine the human psychology with respect to posters and banners.
To study the behavior of inhabitant in polluted environment
To investigate the passers-by of polluted streets.
To study the attitude of workers for site selection.
To study the behavior of inhabitants in pollution free environment
To study the aesthetical value of built/unbuilt environment with their architectural characteristics.
To study the character of pleasant environment.
To study the laws implemented and their result in our country and around the world.
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Methodology
Task Sub-task Methods Output
LITERATUR
E STUDY:
Study of
Visual
pollution
1. Study the visual pollution and
its composition
2. Statics of visual pollution
generation in Delhi
3. Handing and displaying
activities
4. Rules ,policies , and law
related to defacement of
property
Books
Internet
Research papers
Journals, articles and
documentaries relevant for
achieving the task
The above references will help
in achieving a better
understanding of the Visual
pollution and associated rules
and regulations made for visual
pollution controls.
It will help in framing the
scope of the research
paper, Statically date,
polices and laws of
pollution can help in
analysing present
scenario.
Study the
different
components
of visual
pollution and
their impact
on Society
1. Study the different
occasion of displaying
2. Targeted locations for
displaying
3. Beneficiating sectors from
these activities.
Site survey
Interviewing
Photography
Sketch
Flow chart / flow chain
of taking place can be
achieved
Sequence of activities
and their type can be
categorised.
A pie chart or graphical
representation of the
economic conditions of
different stake holders
shall be achieved.
Study the
visual
phycology
and health
with respect
of Poster and
banners.
1. Study living population of
the site
2. Study the age group of
workers.
3. Study the sectors involved
with visual pollution.
Survey to be conducted to find
out the number of people
engaged in displaying and
hanging on site.
This will help in
analyzing the impact of
poster, banners on
social and economic
structure of the site.
Study the
impact of
Poster and
banners on
settlements
1. Study types of pollution
caused by poster and banners
on site.
Interview and collection of
data from space user.
Site study
This will help in
analyzing the impact of
poster and banners on
the image of area.
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and
surrounding.
2. Change in space use and
degeneration of that area due
to excess use of it.
3. Street character of the site.
4. Transformation of space with
displaying and hanging.
Photographs of site
conditions to support the
research documents
Qualitative and quantitative
survey of drivers of existing
scenario.
Qualitative Survey of the
local people
Qualitative and quantitative
Survey to be conducted in
the commercial areas as
well as residential areas to
study the impact.
Study the
impact of
Poster and
banners on
settlements
and
surrounding.
5. Study types of pollution
caused by poster and banners
on site.
6. Change in space use and
degeneration of that area due
to excess use of it.
7. Street character of the site.
8. Transformation of space with
displaying and hanging.
Interview and collection of
data from space user.
Site study
Photographs of site
conditions to support the
research documents
Qualitative and quantitative
survey of drivers of existing
scenario.
Qualitative Survey of the
local people
Qualitative and quantitative
Survey to be conducted in
the commercial areas as
well as residential areas to
study the impact.
This will help in
analyzing the impact of
poster and banners on
the image of area.
Study the
Site
SITE SELECTION CRITERIA:
1. Understand the conditions of
the place
3. Interview of the people and
stakeholders.
4. Survey
Location analysis – in the
context of polluted areas.
Site analysis – a detailed
survey of the place chosen
for research.
Graphical
representation of the
area selected for the
study and analysis
based on the no of
people /stake holders
involved in the polluting
the area.
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Study
Comparisons
1. To understand the effects
of the pleasant and
pleasant way of pollution
handling and their impacts.
Detailed comparative study of
two location.
Identify the impacts of
visual pollution.
Scope and Limitations
Measure to develop or protect visual environment are effectively implemented throughout the state to
achieve or improve the standard of life and regenerate the city character as an image of the city. Visual
pollution controlled area developed the economic environment and contributing positive responsibility of
the people towards their city. Enhance the ability of an individual’s to enjoy the natural environments with
positive scenes and come out from environmental stress and live in healthy environment.
The major part of the Delhi visually polluted. The study will focus on the poster, banners, and billboards as
a visual pollution in Batla House. There is number of pollution with respect to environment, air, water, earth,
etc. on earth. Visual pollution also associated with light, color and vandalism.
Master of Urban Regeneration Dissertation Posters, banners and billboards as a Visual Pollution
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Part -1
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Chapter-1 1.1 Introduction
When we look around the initial impression of any environment is the visual environment. Number of things
construct visual environments Visual pollution effecting entire living organism with the quality life of a
community, reduce aesthetics appeal, and social success. It increase a psychological issue and affect the
neighbouring residential with mental and physical health. The irregular formation, unorganised dumping of
litter, billboards, cable, wires, worn out building, heap construction materials, graffiti, etc., that’s effect the
power of enjoying vista or seen,
Batla House in one of the residential and intuitional area of South Delhi It is situated at the bank of Yamuna
River. It is home to a large Muslim community. The inhabitants from Bihar, Uttar Pradesh are mostly in
search of employment and education. It is also habitants of the students of Jamia Millia Islamia live as
tenants. Batla house is an Industrial Estate of Okhla, an extension of residential area which includes Abul
Fazal Enclave, Zakir Nagar, Batla House, Jogabai and Jogabai Extension, Okhla Head, Jamia Nagar,
Shaheen Bagh, Okhla Vihar, Johri Farm, Noor Nagar, Gaffar Manzil etc. with population of 1918801. The
presence of high density its turn it Okhla Vidhan Sabha its play an important role in every election due to
Muslim domination set of Delhi election. The political and social activities produce large amount of
advertisement in the form of poster, banner, and hording in Batla House is highly responsible for visual
pollution. In this way Batla House is one of the visually polluted area in Delhi Metropolitan.
Pollute comes from the Latin word pollute-, meaning “soiled.” When you pollute something, it's soiled or
contaminated, often by something poisonous. You might have heard the word pollution — pollution is the
stuff that pollutes the environment. The word pollute used more symbolically to describe something that
manipulate or degrades.
1.2 Visual Pollution
Visual pollution is an aesthetic subject and refers to the impacts of pollution that impair one's ability to enjoy
the natural and manmade landscape. The unorganised presence creates irritation, aesthetics appeals of
community declines and psychological health bound to be disturb. Visual pollution are struggle come under
in the form of advertisements which is great issue for entire worlds. This is directly attract on general health
hazards like asthma, diarrhoea, etc. Solid waste cause infections to animals in environments, driver’s
problems, loss of traffic signal by dazzling billboards, health issue cause by magnetic fields with open cables
and creates shorts circuits. Anything which impede with the “pretty scenes “and others defacement which
is one of the reason of visual pollution that is counted as origin, garbage dump within unregulated area,
running wire, pole, in uneven way, poster banners, ruins buildings. The sense of human being get
transformed on displaying of pollutants for long time. The critics on against outdoors advertisements
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become prints add in news articles ignored by turning page, adds on television ignored by changing channel
but the billboards on street or roadside display are struggle in ignoring while passing through. Visual defines
as figurative means any things which anger and disgust. That show that all living organism are directly or
indirectly affected by visual pollution.
1.3 Types of visual Pollution.
Visual clutter and visual blight are two types of visual pollution. Visual blights counted as dust and microns
on highly congested street which play role towards missing objects in soundings. Visual clutter counted as
billboards, electric lines, pole, ruins buildings etc Numbers of cause responsible for visual pollution are
administrative negligence, excess advertisement, vandalism, unregulated articles in public spaces it
unknown to displaying, ruins building with unknown owners. All cities are adopted same kind of visual
pollutions it destroyed the uniqueness of the place it homogenization of the community.
Visual clutter are the physical elements which attacks the nerves in such a way that it can has a tragic
effect. The reflections of these blights are random and could attack any parts of human psychology. One
of most concerned care in this is when a person serving 8-10 hours of day in office comes back to home
and counter by these clutter, because it can have very dangerous effect on his mental health. The clutter
are mostly situated on poles, buildings fences, chowk, and streets, which are the common ways to pass by
and hence these elements cannot be avoided as they are Omni-present. Even poster and banner are
change after a time being, the unorganized electric poles, cables, wires are also remain constant they
effects very badly.
Visual blight are the invisible particles which are also responsible for visual pollution they are in the form of
micro-organism, tiny dust particles, sound and lights are common to most of the surroundings. If opening
of the house in street, then the dust particles would enter inside and cause visual pollution. Even the market
and public places are affected. A part from human being the flora and fauna are also affected because of
excessive sound, birds migrates, and due to light sensibility flora effect in the flower blooming and fruit
maturity and alteration of reproductive time.
Graffiti is one of the form of visual pollution that make an individual’s nuisance that impede and spoils the
peace environment of local neighborhoods.
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1.4 Sources of Visual pollutions.
Visual pollution on human being effected in two forms that is direct or in direct
Direct: - The effect being psychological and physiological.
Indirect: - It is in various form that is disturbance and roads accident.
The sources of visual pollutions 1.Administrative negligence, 2. Excessive advertisements.
Administrative negligence: - The local administrative lose control over new addition in built environment in
public space no defined space for displaying. Because of business interest and all architecture, cleanness,
space harmony in the urban chaos.
Excessive advertisements:-Everywhere suffocating not even in open space of park providing good quality
of visibility. The presence of posters, banner, billboards and are suffocating.
There poster and banners comes in form of paper, cloths, billboards are made up of iron, plastics, woods,
etc. From posters and banners large amount of papers and cloth waste generated in city which are not
removed after conveying message in the city. In respect to reduce the waste it increase day by day. Building
provide huge space for advertisement. First grade visual pollution contributed by billboards in all India.
It is produce on different occasion or section of year on congratulate political leaders birthdays ,
congratulate them on some minor achievement, during election, Social announcement, tutorial centres
session beginning, lunch of product, eateries opening, school admission, government announcement,
social awareness program etc.
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Chapter-2 2. Policies and Regulation
Visual pollution is one of the Omni-present on earth in the form of physical advertisement. In the age of
commercialization to fulfil the greed and name. It cross the boundary of genuine requirement and out of
control certain policies and regulation form and achieve batter result in India and foreign countries.
2.1 In Indian context
Delhi master plan 2010 signifies. Delhi has number of diversity built form, color, scale and texture with a
heterogeneous end product from aesthetic point of view. Which can be identifying possible feature to
achieve conserving historic building, heritage zone to integrate visual identity of City. The integration of city
by planning to link different part of the city with tree plantation, linking open spaces and harmonious
treatment for major ecological features i.e. the Ridge and the River Yamuna constitute the visual urban
form.
Delhi defacement act includes impairing or interfering with the appearance beauty, damaging,
distinguishing, spoiling or injuring in any other way whatsoever, and the word "deface" shall be construed
accordingly; (a)"property" includes any building, hut, structure, wall, tree, fence, post, pole or any other
creation;(b)"Writing" including decoration, lettering, ornamentation, etc., produced by stencil. (c)Hording
and billboards only not allowed on highway.
Tamil Nadu government totally ban illegal hording in the six municipal of Chennai. Hording displaying for
community purpose only permitted for 3 day before the function and two days after. It should be
removed. In Uttar Pradesh large size of hording sever banned on highway. Spoiling of physical space
with posters and banners screening on public and private buit environment strictly ban.
2.2 In Foreign countries.
In Norway outdoor advertisement environment against pollution highly restricted. From outdoor
advertisement Beijing city struggling and Beijing Municipal administration commission release a notice to
shut down all illegal advertisement banners. If individuals and companies refuge will be charge fine up to
10,000 yen (US$ 1200). In some part of Beijing advertisement are strictly ban and some place certain
advertisement allowed. Outdoor advertisement are ban around Tian anmen square, zhonganhi- the
headquarter of the communist party of china and the state council Diaoyutai state guest house, foreign
embassy, government school, scenic sports, culture heritage site. Transport which cover with
advertisement will not allow to pass through Tian anmen square.
In USA The Highway Beautification Act 1965 say that certain size of billboards and defined space for
displaying or removing of nuisance sights. In 1969 out door advertisements totally restricted. Moscow to
reduce out door advertisements bring some restriction on size of panels by Moscow department of mass
media and advertisement to create a civilised environments. In japan there is strict rule for outdoor
advertisement ban on roof top to preserve the city sky line with context. In Clean city laws severe restrict
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the outdoor advertisement on public building, public transports and strictly regulates on shops signage.
Brazil is one of the nation on earth which is lesson for other country. After the law implantation the cities of
Brazil become more beautiful and clean. The major success was achieve in Sao Paola, Rio de Jenario,
Porto Ale gre and Brazil.
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Chapter-3 3.1 Visual Pollution and its impact on community.
Visual environment is an important part of communities as clean water In recent year there is increasing
use of poster and banners by politicians, religious bodies, tutorial centers, NGOs, are well as corporate
bodies to publicise their intention. Visually clutter area are generally gateways to our societies, roadways,
passes through commercial, tourist and economic area. Visual pollution obstruct our eye and effect on
whole living organism and destruct the economic health of city. Visual pollution one of the result in local
community which effect the enjoyment of a place and feeling existing space. Existing space design is out
of context or out of character is also lead to visual pollution. To maintain the regional identity and community
to retain their character need to move towards growth and development in character rather than making
ugly economical requirements and value auto based consumers to space built environments.
The actual image of a person gets latent in visually polluted spaces, we often come across a person who
is appealing to our eyes but once that some person comes to us with ugly ones then the identity of that
person would be diminished by those 4-5 ones. Hence the beautiful person represents the actual image of
the community and those 4-5 ugly human are representing the present scenario.
3.2 Transformation of street Characters in the poster banners uneven
displaying area.
Things change as time passes. So that little change through displaying and planning it in a positive way
instead of negative. Good planning and design treat as long time in conserving scenic beauty. A Street is
a public thoroughfare in a built environment. It is a community common open space adjoining edifices in
an urban context, on which people may freely assemble, interact, celebrate and move about. It is interface
of door step when an individual’s out from house first seen is residential street. The face of street well
decorator with art and architecture with touching contemporary and modern style. The service arrangement
are one of the challenge and ugly opportunities to increase the visual obstacles with pole, crossing electrical
wires form spider web and opaque the sky in street no one can see whole street from one end to other ends
of street. Advertisement leading member in transformation of street, banner hang within street with two
electric pole and balcony railing with one upon other remain till the date of spoil on same hanging position.
One not remover other hang upon old banners same things happening with hording in street. Upper part
disturb by banner and hording but the lower and plinth area cover by poster and stickers. With newer
construction the street character become dark and narrow with extending of balconies, Chajja, are covering
the street spaces, which in turn brings darkness in it. So the street are turn bring unsafe for kids and women.
People now days are deprived of sunlight which is so much important for healthy lifestyle. The reason can
be the greed of people as they think to grab the open spaces unknowingly that the coming generation would
live in darkness, play in darkness and gradually would not like coming to open spaces and parks.
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3.3 Role of poster and banners in degeneration of city personalities.
We live in a community based on image, the image represented by the characters of environment but now
days in ruin the economic health of our cities and personality. The real world change into simple image they
become real beings and effective motivations of a hypnotic behaviour. Visual pollution is one of the reason
of value degradation of assets and economic value of place in business centres. Visual pollution play
negative effect in our environment, damage the economic health of our cities and personality.
Advertisement panel are bad enough by themselves but the political organisation, religious bodies,
hoardings are worsen they display anywhere everywhere one upon another. Street view block by banner
and hording and street interface depleted by poster and stickers. Austrian architect (Friedrich Stowasser)
say that Visual pollution is more poisonous than any other pollution become it kills the soul. The soul of
human deactivated then everything tasteless and the city imagination get destruct and city behave like
mental ill and not functioning well.
Government is the body on which whole of the country relies. But the same government is very much
responsible for the visual pollution because of the banners and hoardings they displaying another most
appreciated body is religious which say cleanness is next to godliness but the scenario is completely
different. The religious body itself pollute the environment visually unknowing that their God is existing in
the environments.
Visual pollution is not somethings created by the illiterate people even the literate ones are responsible
such as tutorials centers, private clinics, and NGOs. During student union election Delhi University visually
polluted on a large scale, Institutional areas, neighborhood, streets are colored poster and banners they
don’t leave even the dustbins.
3.4 Pollution free environment
People re-energize themselves prefer to move a forest, gardens which are aesthetically and visually
peasants others than to move mall or walking along the road side. Most of the people want to live in green
area. Some community from poor section of the societies live in a decorated houses and make their
neighborhood beautiful with folk arts that makes visually pleasing their origin in a poor community which
play a happy and healthy maps makes the basic standards of lifestyle in locality. Healthy visual environment
enhance the values of those who live there, develop civic pride, economic health of the societies because
human being is a part of nature. In a beautiful environment with a peace nature and built forms is a dire
urge of our soul and health of psyche. Such environment encourage towards creativity and productivity.
Every individuals have different perception what is attractive things in environments based upon their
aesthetics sense experience and expectations.
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The population of habitation and intensity of building in all areas of Lutyens Bungalow Zone has increased
substantially, thus highlighting the iniquitous nature of the very low density of habitation in this zone. Thus
treat the process of maintenance of the physical fabric; which includes the trees planted the underground
drainage and sewerage system, other services infrastructure like electricity distribution, water supply, and
telecommunications network. This zone is almost free from visual pollution all the infrastructure along the
road side are well arrange with their uses. The absence of major pollutant in Lutyens Bungalow Zone are
poster, banners, and billboards. The History of planning of Lutyens Bungalow Zone in the form of garden
city this character are now exist to re-energize the soul of an individual’s provide one of the visually pollution
free zone in Delhi. According to pia char the give percentage for recreational and public space 41c percent
of total area of Lutyens Bungalow zone which make it lush green area of Delhi and that make liveable
space.
36%
3%0%
34%
11%
2%
7%
7%
LAND USE
Residential Commercial Manufacturing
Recreational Transportation Utility
Governmental Public & Semi-public facilities
Figure 1landuse LBZ
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Figure 2 each element of road are arrange only information signage displayed
Figure 3 Lust green of LBZ
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Figure 4 Re-development Plan for the Lutyens Bungalow Zone, for the Ministry of Urban
3.5 Menace due to visual pollution.
Every visual pollution have some of the hazards such as Health hazards with community The residents
and animals alike, Electromagnetic waves related effects, Order pollution , Traffic congestion, Billboards
with attention of drivers and human psychology. The components of posters and banners are harmful
ingredients made up of papers, plastics, fibres, synthetic paints, and hazards chemicals. Plastics is non-
biodegradable on earth effect on environment and sewerage flow. Chemicals and synthetic paints dissolve
in the surface and ground water lead to health hazards for the street animals and birds. Animals eat the
poster and banners and birds drink chemicals dissolve liquid. These pollutants also generate solid waste
materials in community. The garbage hip in street or on road surrounding formation a cause of visual
pollution.
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Chapter-4 4.1 Theories and literature study related to Visual pollutions.
Theorist of modern psychology state that identity is very special case which is peculiar to every individuals
and civilization that not come out itself but from it interaction with others that is exits in urban space with
similar visual clutter. The visual pollution play as Omni-present in vicinity in social and cultural institutions
as a temple, hospitals, school, university. This is a great threats which degenerates the quality of
environments in every sections of society.
Doctors explains the situation of negative visual effects as an increase in the release of adrenaline, which
raise the acidity of stomach and increase the heart beat this speed irritability. They also explain that positive
visual pollution influence like a sense of beauty which increase the release of Cortisone the body which
decrease the feeling of pain for those who suffer from rheumatic diseases.
The categorization of value is as follow:
Economic follow, legal values, political ethical value, historical value, aesthetics values, and religious
value in which economic, ethical, and aesthetic value that directly related to the marketing and impact
lead to visual pollution.
The excess consumption of resources that is paper inn large quantity the normal, light in whole night,
shopping addiction, excessive consumption of unhealthy foods leading to obesity, that begun to results an
individuals as economic and the life standards declines.
The famous Spanish philosopher, Ordegay Gasset (1883-1955), said, “The good part of my soul is the
gift of sights, if I had spent my lifetime in savagery of cities, now I would be more mild-mannered and
deeply thoughtful person. Tell me which sight/environment you want to live, I say who you are /what your
character is”, which, emphasizes the effects of the visual qualities of cities and the development and
changes in these cities on the people.
Stress is directly related to light frequency and variety of visual cortex of brain. Unconscious disturbance
of visual cortex can disguard the sleeping quality and performance. Continuous driving along polluted
corridor up to fourth five minutes gives considerable visual stress.
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Many authors explain in his book about the promotion of beauty, vitality, quality of urban space and
subject matter.
4.2 Impact of poster and banners on Human psychology.
Social issues related to Visual pollutions.
The people have formed environment and environment form them in this cycle it is possible to trace the
transformation of societies with space and which integrate with them. Advertisements positively impacted
on some kinds of business such as press and workers who paste or hang it. It is recorded many business
required promotion by use to distribute their handbills and paste on strategic location. Instead of election
comparing, fast food restaurants, beauty salons coaching centres,
Behaviour of inhabitant in visually polluted environment.
The presence of hording, billboards on street or road side people feel insecure and some things
embarrassed to walk on street. The impact of visually polluted area is serious issue. It create disturbance,
loss of opinion and identity loss of sense of quality and attractive seen which lead towards bad quality of
life of residing area. A human being living in visually polluted area their aesthesis sense get lost and their
mind not growing towards decorative habits. This is one of the reason of chronic degeneration in the growing
life.
Figure 5 Concept of Author with Visibility
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Part -2
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Site Study Batla house is one of the major settlements of New Delhi. It is situated at the periphery of Okhla Industrials
estate and bank of Yamuna. This area has been growing upland way. It is a form of Ghettos. There is no
hierarchy of street, the street characters of Batla House is missing and whole of the Batla House is covered
with banners and hoardings. The literal meaning of street is a lane that is used for sidewalks but the scenario
is totally different street occupies banners, posters, hoardings, more than the people which create in return
create dark edges. The streets are uneven now days persists unorganized on the basis width, length,
opening, open to sky, etc. They usually form bottle necks, and blockage. Almost all the houses of Batla
house comprises of bikes, cars which leads to blocking the streets during the night hours as very less
houses have their private parking. Hence the characteristics of the street completely change during night.
Human being determine differently what is eye-catching about their atmosphere, based upon their own
aesthetic intelligences, prospects and practices. In built and natural worlds the visual environment is
fundamental to our daily experience. Batla House is densely populated area in Delhi capital territory of all
types of pollution is one such Visual pollution. It come out with excess advertisement in entire region of
Batla house.
Figure 6 Distric of NCT
Figure 7 Batla House Site study area
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5.1 Site Observations
Survey:- Author study site is Batla House. The major streets of Batla House are covered under quantitive
survey namely Nafees Road, batla House Main Road, Sir Syed Road Sailing Club Road, Batla House
market and in context Moulana Jauhar Marg. During analysis the author found pollutants in the form of
hording, billboards, posters, banners, and stickers. In quantative survey with sample of 95. According to
survey the percent of hording 26%, poster 39%, banners 26%, hording 26%, billboards, 7%, stickers2%.
Apart from the pollutants mentioned above, Batla House also has electric poles, unorganized transports
system, advertisements on public transports, garbage hips, etc. as other pollutants the public transport
is also effected with the visual pollution. Banners and poster are screen on buses and e-rickshaw. Even
religious building are covered with banners and posters for example Khallilullah masjid, Al Noor Masjid,
Batla House jama Masjid and so on.
Figure 8 Site Survey
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Author study the major street of Batla House and found that street are full of pollutants major source is
poster and hording etc. Its display on building walls, free standing pole, street corners, religious building,
community hall, boundary wall the percentage of pollutants in Balta house are as follow
Figure 9 Pollutant contact with visual polltion in Batla house
The poster, hording and banners are dominating pollutants materials on site which is major challenge in
this area. They are playing vital role for irritation all time in the form of distraction, eye fatigue, distraction,
decrease in opinion diversity, loss of identity. Distraction is defined in context of Batla House as a person
cannot see the open sky because of the narrow streets full of hording and banners. Eye fatigue is the
feeling of tiredness like if a person return back home after working for 8 hours, he would have fatigue in
vision. This can also effect a person psychology. Opinion diversity is defined on the sense loss which leads
to inability of selecting the things. Identity has been destroyed by residence of Batla House because of the
loss of structure of the building with clutter elements. This Return back this scenario present in each street
of Batla House. Nafis road, Sir Syed road and Batla House market are the major assemble of pollutants.
After the survey the analyzed that Batla House is one of the most visually polluted area of Delhi.
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Figure 10 Unplanned Streets
Unplanned Street full of uneven arrangement of electric wire, cable, banners, posters. The banners are
hang in narrow streets, and poster past on the entrance of street. To attract the users. The uneven
arrangement of wire from web which leads to losing of vision and darkness over the street the character
of street also missing. The poster over the wall defaces wall, boundary, building wall.
Figure 11 Bus stop Cover with poster and sicker
Bus stop covered with poster and logs sticker this scenario more horrible for irritation to an individual’s
even the advertisement panel also covered with poster and banners. Every bus stop in this region are in
same status with pollutants. The public infrastructure have separate spaces to be used for advertisement
purposes still the people misuse them and perishes the infrastructure. Jamia Millia Islamia stand is a good
example of visual pollution.
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Figure 12 Newly constructed graveyard Boundary defaced by posters
This scene come up with new construction of boundary wall in ugly view with pasting and screening. In
Batla House all the fence wall are covered with pollutants. Boundary of graveyard, university boundary,
marriage hall, community house, religious building.
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Figure 13 Metro pillar covered with political and social workers posters
Metro pillar behave like a bulletin boards in this region. The beauty of continuous pillar has been
converted into eye irritation.
Figure 14 Street and dividers looking ugly with poseter
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5.2 Questionnaire
These question used during site surveying:-
1. How do you like street?
a. Really like, b. like, c- neutral, d- don’t like, e- really don’t like
2. The advertisement martials make the appearance of the street are
a. Very beautiful, b. beautiful c. no importance d. ugly e. very ugly.
Responds from site survey question number 01. Thirds response in majority is no important. This survey
show that the population of Batla House mixed with environment. In this survey few percentage of
population respondent towards option A and B.
Figure 15 Survey question responds
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2.3 Psychology of Workers and impact on economic profile of workers
It is one of the source of economy in lower income group is to work in paste or hang of a poster and banners
because it basically based on contract or target basic job. This job done mostly in mid night, due to fear of
land lord or stack holders. The worker select strategic location for screening the location are chowk, open
area boundary, street corner, bus stop, bust stand, street corner, for hording electric pole, billboards on
roof top.
Figure 16 Location of Screening of poster and billboards
In option A the screening of poster on crossing with wall not in whole of the streets. At B wall end of the
street, At C corner space use to paste, and D majorly narrow street use to hang banner.
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6. Conclusion Batla House is one of the visually polluted region of Delhi in which all the entrance or exit of Batla House
Badly polluted by poster and banners. The newly constructed metro station and elevated pillar totally
covered by pollutants. Form Long time these activities carry on But the newly construction infrastructure
not even leave by these activities. These are the activities which one cannot ban completely because it is
one of the source of income for paper printer worker, displaying workers, and also easiest mode of
advertisement for low income business in local area. The low income organization also needs promotion
of product and announcement of event and lunch of commercial product that is beauty parlor,
restaurants, tutorials centers etc. Hence, for these activities need designate space for screening at every
interval of ten house, chowk, square, stand such space at Pehlawan Chowk, sailing chowk with Proper
infrastructure. Visual pollution minimizes with traffic management, street beautification and
implementation of proper bye-laws. Batla House comes under Delhi government and hence need to
improvement in the given policies for regulating the outdoor advertisement such as fixed time period for
screening and removing of advertisements. Taking grant permission before screening should be
mandatory. Security money deposit at the time of permission for displaying advertisement. In The norms
of election commission of India require some of the improvement regarding election campaign with flag,
poster and banners defined certain time for screening and removing with security money deposit.
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7. References Norway, Pollution Control Act, Act of 13 March 1981 No.6 Concerning Protection against Pollution and
Concerning Waste Available at:
http://www.ptil.no/getfile.php/135311/Regelverket/Forurensingsloven_e.pdf [accessed on 28 Oct 2017]
Beijing Municipal Administration Commission, Available at:
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-12/12/content_399559.htm [accessed on 22 Oct 2017]
The Federal Highway Beautification Act of 1965 available at: http://www.sierraclub.org/policy/pollution-
waste-management/visual-pollution[accessed on 22 Oct 2017]
Moscow Department of Mass Media and Advertisement available at: http://russia-
ic.com/news/show/14590 [accessed on 15 oct 2017]
OUTDOOR ADVERTISING Rule and Regulations, Japan available at:
http://www.shiribeshi.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/kk/okk/g-ksd/110308hirafu-jyourei-eng.pdf[accessed on 15 sep
2017]
This report is publicly available on the NYC Global Partners’ Innovation Exchange website
www.nyc.gov/globalpartners/innovationexchange, Brazil Available at:
https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/globalpartners/downloads/pdf/Sao%20Paulo_CleanCityAct.pdf[accessed on
20 sep 2017]
Delhi Master Plan 20121 [online] Available at:
https://dda.org.in/ddanew/pdf/Planning/reprint%20mpd2021.pdf [Accessed 31 Oct 2017].
The Delhi Prevention of Defacement of Property Act, 2007(Delhi Act 1 of 2009) Available at:
http://ceodelhi.nic.in/WriteReadData/ManualElectionLaw/The%20Delhi%20Prevention%20of%20Deface
ment%20of%20Property%20Act.pdf [Accessed on 31 September 2017].
THE KARNATAKA OPEN PLACES (PREVENTION OF DISFIGUREMENT) ACT, 1981Available at:
http://karsec.gov.in/ULB/ULB_Books/KOPA.pdf [accessed on 25 Oct 2017]
WHO data based on Pulse Polio activity provided by FV, WHO Delhi unit.20 Area wise break up
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7.1 Bibliography Parisa Nami1, Parvin Jahanbakhsh1, Arefe Fathalipour2 (2016). The Role and Heterogeneity of Visual
Pollution on the Quality of Urban Landscape Using GIS; Case Study: Historical Garden in
City of Maraqeh, Open Journal of Geology. p 22
Ogunbodede E. F. (Ph.D) and Sunmola Rufai (2014), Posters, Banners and Billboards Visual Pollution in
Nigerian Urban Environment: Challenges to Urban Managers. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social
Science (IOSR-JHSS) p 57.
Jana Milan Kumar, M.Sc and De Tanaya, PhD (June 2015) Visual Pollution Can Have a Deep Degrading
Effect on Urban and Suburban Community: A Study in Few Places Of Bengal, India, With Special
Reference to Unorganized Billboards, European Scientific Journal p1-4, 6-8, 12, 13.
Elena Enache, Cristian Morozan, and Suzana Purice, (May 2011) Visual pollution: a new axiological
dimension of marketing? P 822,823
lmaz Demet Y, Söz Ay_e Sa (May 2011) In the Context of Visual Pollution: Effects to Trabzon City Center
Silhouette , Asian Social Science p 98,99
ZONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN.ZONE (Division – ‘D’ NEW DELHI) DATED 8.2.1988