master of science in biotechnology · 2019-06-29 · vibrational spectroscopy: symmetry and shapes...
TRANSCRIPT
1
Annexure – I
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CHEMISTRY
M. Sc. - Chemistry
Programme Level: Postgraduate Duration: Two Years (Four Semesters)
No. of Seats: 20
History:
There has been rapid increase in demand of Chemical science professionals. Considering such a
requirement, it is proposed to start a new postgraduate programme namely Master of Science in
Chemistry with aim of acquiring the knowledge and developing the skills to plan, design and build
complex applications which are highly valued in all sectors like pharmaceutical, fertilizer, education,
chemical, biotechnology etc.
The first batch of the programme in MITS is proposed to be admitted in the session 2010-2011.
Input Qualification:
Bachelor's degree with Chemistry as a subject for three years / six semesters/ B. Sc. Applied Chemistry /
B. Sc. Biochemistry / B.Sc. Industrial Chemistry with 50 % of marks.
Evaluation Procedure:
All the Rules and Regulations as provided in the Ordinances and Regulations of Postgraduate
Programmes of MITS shall be followed.
2
M. Sc.-Chemistry Two-Year Programme
Academic Curriculum (2010 –2011 onwards)
First Year
Au
tum
n S
emest
er
Course Code
Course Title
Contact Hours per Week
Cre
dit
s ETE Duration
Hours
Weightage (%)
L T P
CW
*
MT
E
ET
E
CH 511 Inorganic Chemistry-I 3 - - 3 3 25 25 50
CH 513 Organic Chemistry-I 3 - - 3 3 25 25 50
CH 531 Physical Chemistry-I 3 - - 3 3 25 25 50
CH 523 Spectroscopy-I 3 - - 3 3 25 25 50
CH 551▲/ CH 561▲▲
Mathematics for Chemists▲/ Biology for Chemists ▲▲
3 -
- 3 3 25 25 50
CH 571 Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory -I - - 4 2 4 25 25 50
CH 581 Organic Chemistry Laboratory -I - - 4 2 4 25 25 50
CH 591 Physical Chemistry Laboratory -I - - 4 2 4 25 25 50
Sub Total 15 - 12 21 - - - -
Foreign Language –I ‡ 3 - - 3 - 25 25 50
Sp
rin
g S
em
est
er
Course Code
Course Title
Contact Hours per Week
Cre
dit
s ETE Duration
Hours
Weightage (%)
L T P
CW
*
MT
E
ET
E
CH 512 Inorganic Chemistry-II 3 - - 3 3 25 25 50
CH 514 Organic Chemistry-II 3 - - 3 3 25 25 50
CH 532 Physical Chemistry-II 3 - - 3 2 25 25 50
CH 524 Spectroscopy-II 3 - 3 3 25 25 50
CH 534 Colloids and Surface Chemistry 3 - 3 3 25 25 50
CH 562 Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory -II - - 4 2 4 25 25 50
CH 572 Organic Chemistry Laboratory -II - - 4 2 4 25 25 50
CH 582 Physical Chemistry Laboratory -II - - 4 2 4 25 25 50
Sub Total 15 16 21 - - - -
Foreign Language-II‡ 3 - - 3 - 25 25 50
▲ For students without Mathematics in B. Sc.
▲▲ For students without Biology in B. Sc.
‡ Refer to Foreign Language Section
3
M. Sc.-Chemistry
(Specialization in Organic Chemistry) Two-Year Programme
Academic Curriculum (2010 – 2011 onwards)
Second Year
Au
tum
n S
emest
er
Course Code
Course Title
Contact Hours per Week
Cre
dit
s ETE Duration
Hours
Weightage (%)
L T P
CW
*
MT
E
ET
E
CH 611 Photochemical Reactions 3 - - 3 3 25 25 50
CH 621 Bioorganic Chemistry 3 - - 3 3 25 25 50
CH 631 Organic Synthesis-I 3 - - 3 3 25 25 50
CH 641 Separation Techniques and Data Analysis
3 - - 3 3 25 25 50
CH 651 Environmental and Green Chemistry 3 - - 3 3 25 25 50
CH 661 Advanced Organic Chemistry
Laboratory-I - - 4 2 4 25 25 50
CH 671 Advanced Organic Chemistry
Laboratory-II - - 4 2 4 25 25 50
CH 681 Advanced Organic chemistry
Laboratory-III - - 4 2 4 25 25 50
Sub Total 15 - 12 21 - - - -
Total Credits 87
*Course work (CW) would include Regularity, evaluation of assignments, surprise tests, etc.
#Student will perform project work for a period of 2 months and submit two copies of Dissertation report to the department.
Presentation and viva voce of project report will be conducted at the end of the spring semester. Dissertation report and
presentation will carry 50% weightage each.
Sp
rin
g S
em
est
er
Course Code
Course Title
Contact Hours per Week
Cre
dit
s ETE Duration
Hours
Weightage (%)
L T P
CW
*
MT
E
ET
E
CH 612 Organic Synthesis-II 3 - - 3 3 25 25 50
CH 622 Heterocyclic Chemistry 3 - - 3 3 25 25 50
CH 632 Chemistry of Natural Products 3 - - 3 3 25 25 50
CH 642 Medicinal Chemistry 3 - - 3 3 25 25 50
CH 652 Dissertation# - - - 10 - 100
Sub Total 12 - - 22 - - - -
4
COURSE DESCRIPTION
M. Sc. (Chemistry)
CH 511 Inorganic Chemistry-I 3-0-0-3
Stereochemistry and Bonding in Main Group Compounds: Walsh
diagrams (tri-atomic and penta-atomic molecules), dπ-pπ bond, Bent rule and
energetics of hybridization, some simple reactions of covalently bonded
molecules.
[9]
Metal-Ligand Equilibria in Solution : Stepwise and overall formation
constants and their interaction, trends in stepwise constant, factors affecting the
stability of metal complexes with reference to the nature of metal ion and
ligand. Chelate effect and its thermodynamic origin, determination of binary
formation constants by pH-metry and spectrophotometry.
[8]
Reaction Mechanism of Transition Metal Complexes : Energy profile of a
reaction, reactivity of metal complex, inert and labile complexes, kinetic
application of valence bond and crystal field theories, kinetics of octahedral
substitution, acid hydrolysis, factors affecting acid hydrolysis, base hydrolysis,
conjugate base mechanism, direct and indirect evidences in favour of
conjugate mechanism, anation reactions, reactions without metal ligand bond
cleavage. Substitution reactions in square planar complexes, the trans effect,
mechanism of the substitution reaction. Redox reaction, electron transfer
reactions, mechanism of one electron transfer reactions, outer sphere type
reactions, cross reactions and Marcus-Hush theory, inner sphere type reactions.
[15]
Metal-Ligand Bonding: Limitation of crystal field theory, molecular orbital
theory, octahedral, tetrahedral and square planar complexes, π-bonding and
molecular orbital theory.
[7]
Suggested Books:
1. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry; F.A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson, 6th
Edn. John Wiley & Sons.
2. Inorganic Chemistry; James E. Huheey, 4th Edn. Addison-Wesley
Pub. Co.
3. Physical Methods in Inorganic Chemistry; R. S. Drago, International
Edn. East-West Press.
4. Inorganic Chemistry; Keith F. Purcell and John C. Kotz, W. B.
Sauders Com.
5
CH 513 Organic Chemistry-I 3-0-0-3
Nature of Bonding in Organic Molecules: Delocalized chemical bonding,
conjugation, cross conjugation, resonance hyperconjugation, bonding in
fullerenes, tautomerism. Aromaticity in benzenoid and non-benzenoid
compounds, alternant and non-alternant hydrocarbons. Huckel's rule, energy
level of π-molecular orbitals, annulenes, anti-aromaticity, homo-aromaticity.
[6]
Stereochemistry: Conformational analysis of cycloalkanes, Decalines.
Chirality, molecules with more than one chiral center, threo and erythro
isomers, methods of resolution, optical purity, enantiotopic and diastereotopic
atoms, groups and faces, stereospecific and stereoselective synthesis,
Asymmetric synthesis. Optical activity in the absence of chiral carbon
(biphenyls, allenes and spiranes), chirality due to helical shape.
[10]
Reaction Mechanism, Structure and Reactivity: Type of mechanisms, types
of reactions, thermodynamic and kinetic requirements, kinetic and
thermodynamic control, Hammond's postulate, Curtin-Hammett principle.
Potential energy diagrams, transition states and intermediates, methods of
determining mechanisms. Generation, structure, stability and reactivity of
carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes and nitrenes. The Hammett
equation and linear free energy relationship, substituent and reaction constants.
Taft equation.
[8]
Aliphatic Nucleophilic Subsitution: The SN2, SN1 mixed SN1 and SN2 and
SET mechanism. Neighbouring group participation mechanism by σ and π
bonds, anchimeric assistance. Classical and nonclassical carbocations,
phenonium ions, norbornyl system, common carbocation rearrangements. The
SN i mechanism. Nucleophilic substitution at an allylic, aliphatic trigonal and
a vinylic carbon. Ambident nucleophile, regioselectivity.
[5]
Aliphatic Electrophilic Substitution: Bimolecular mechanisms SE2 and SEi,
The SE1 mechanism, electrophilic substitution accompanied by double bond
shifts. Effect of substrates, leaving groups and the solvent polarity on the
reactivity.
[6]
Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution: The arenium ion mechanism,
orientation and reactivity, energy profile diagrams. The ortho/para ratio, ipso
attack. Diazonium coupling, Vilsmeir reaction, Gatterman-Koch reaction.
[4]
Suggested Books:
1. March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry; M.B. Smith & Jerry March, 5th
Edition. John Wiley & Sons.
2. A Guide book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry; Peter Sykes, 6th
Edition, Orient Longman Ltd..
3. Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry; S. M. Mukherjee and S.P.
Singh, Macmillan India Ltd.
4. Mechanism and Theory in Organic Chemistry; T.H. Lowry and K.S.
Richardson, Addison – Wesley Longman Inc.
6
5. Organic Chemistry; R.T. Morrison and R.N. Boyd, Prentice- Hall of
India.
6. Organic Reactions and Their Mechanisms; P.S. Kalsi, New Age
International Publication.
CH 531 Physical Chemistry-I 3-0-0-3
Quantum Chemistry:
A. Introduction to Exact Quantum Mechanical Results: The Schrodinger
equation and the postulates of quantum mechanics. Discussion of solutions of
the Schrodinger equation to some model systems viz., particle in a box, the
harmonic oscillator, the rigid rotor, the hydrogen atom.
B. Approximate Methods: The variation theorem, linear variation principle.
Perturbation theory (First order and nondegenerate). Applications of variation
method and perturbation theory to the Helium atom.
C. Angular Momentum: Ordinary angular momentum, generalized angular
momentum, eigenfucntions for angular momentum, eigenvalues of angular
momentum, operator using ladder operators, addition of angular momenta,
spin, antisymmetry and Pauli exclusion principle.
D. Molecular Orbital Theory: Huckel theory of conjugated systems, bond
order and charge density calculations. Applications to ethylene, butadiene,
cyclopropenyl radical, cyclobutadiene etc. Introduction to extended Huckel
theory.
[15]
Thermodynamics: A. Classical Thermodynamics: Brief resume of concepts of laws of
thermodynamics, free energy, chemical potential and entropies. Partial molar
properties; Partial molar free energy, partial molar volume and partial molar
heat content and their significances. Determinations of these quantities.
Concept of fugacity and determination of fugacity. Non-ideal systems : Excess
functions for non-ideal solutions. Activity, activity coefficient, Debye Huckel
theory for activity coefficient of electrolytic solutions; determination of
activity and activity coefficients; ionic strength. Application of phase rule to
three component systems, second order phase transitions.
B. Statistical Thermodynamics: Concept of distribution, thermodynamic
probability and most probable distribution. Ensemble averaging, postulates of
ensemble averaging. Canonical, grand canonical and microcanonical
ensembles, corresponding distribution laws (using Lagrange's method of
undetermined multipliers). Partition functions-translational, rotational,
vibrational and electronic partition functions, Calculation of thermodynamic
properties in terms of partition functions. Application of partition functions.
Heat capacity behaviour of solids-chemical equilibria and equilibrium constant
in terms of partition functions, Fermi-Dirac Statistics, distribution law and
applications to metal. Bose-Einstein statistics; distribution Law and application
to helium.
C. Non Equilibrium Theromodynamics: Thermodynamic criteria for non-
7
equilibrium states, entropy production and entropy flow, entropy balance
equations for different irreversible processes (e.g., heat flow, chemical reaction
etc.) transformations of the generalized fluxes and forces, non equilibrium
stationary states, phenomenological equations, microscopic reversibility and
Onsager's reciprocity relations, electrokinetic phenomena, diffusion, electric
conduction.
[15]
Symmetry and group theory in chemistry: Symmetry elements and
symmetry operations, definitions of group, subgroups, relation between orders
of a finite group and its subgroup, similarity transformation and classes, point
groups, Schonflies symbols, representation of groups by
matrices(representation for the Cn, Cnv, Cnh, Dnh, etc. groups to be worked
out explicity), character of a representation, the great orthogonality theorem
(without proof) and its importance, character tables and their use.
[9]
Suggested Books:
1. Modern Electrochemistry;J.O. M. Bockris and A. K. N. Reddy,Vol. 2
A & B, Second Edition, Plenum Press.
2. Chemical Kinetics; K. J. Laidler, Harper & Row.
3. Physical Chemistry; P. W. Atkins, Oxford University Press.
4. Physical Chemistry; I.N. Levine, Tata McGraw Hill Pub. Co. Ltd.
5. Kinetics a nd Mechanism of Chemical T r a n s f o r m a t i o n s ; J.
Raja Ram and J .C. Kuriacose, MacMillan Indian Ltd.
6. Statistical Thermodynamics; Andrew Maczek, Oxford University
Press.
CH 523 Spectroscopy-I 3-0-0-3
Microwave Spectroscopy: Classification of molecules, rigid rotor model,
effect of isotopic substitution on the transition frequencies, intensities, non-
rigid rotor. Stark effect, nuclear and electron spin interaction and effect of
external field, applications
[8]
Vibrational Spectroscopy: Symmetry and shapes of AB2, AB3, AB4, AB5
and AB6, mode of bonding of ambidentate ligands, ethylenediamine and
diketonato complexes, application of resonance Raman spectroscopy
particularly for the study of active sites of metalloproteins.
[8]
Raman Spectroscopy: Classical and quantum theories of Raman effect. Pure
rotational, vibrational and vibrational-rotational Raman spectra, selection rules,
mutual exclusion principle, Resonance Raman spectroscopy, coherent anti
stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS).
[8]
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy: Basic principles, zero field splitting
and Kramer's degeneracy, factors affecting the 'g' value. Isotropic and
anisotropic hyperfine coupling constants spin Hamiltonian, spin densities and
Mc Connell relationship, measurement techniques, applications.
[7]
Mossbauer Spectroscopy: Basic principles, spectral parameters and spectrum
8
display. Application of the technique to the studies of
(1) Bonding and structures of Fe+2 and Fe+3 compounds including those of
intermediate spin.
(2) Sn+2 and Sn+4 compounds; nature of M-L bond, coordination number,
structure.
(3) Detection of oxidation state and inequivalent MB atoms.
[8]
Suggested Books:
1. Modern Spectroscopy, J.M. Hollas, John Viley.
2. NMR, NQR, ESR and Mossbauer Spectroscopy in Inorganic
Chemistry, R.V. Parish, Ellis Harwood.
3. Physical Methods in Chemistry, R.S. Drago, Saunders College.
4. Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy, G.M. Barrow, Mc Graw Hill.
5. Basic Principles of Spectroscopy, R. Chang, Mc Graw Hill.
6. Infrared and Raman Spectral : Inorganic and Coordination Compounds
K. Nakamoto, Wiley.
CH 551 Mathematics for Chemists 3-0-0-3
Vectors and Matrix Algebra: A. Vectors: Vectors, dot, cross and triple
products etc The gradient, divergence and curl, Vector Calculus.
B. Matrix Algebra: Addition and multiplication; inverse, adjoint and transpose
of matrices, special matrices (Symmetric, skew-symmetric, Hermitian, Skew-
Hermitian, unit, diagonal, unitary etc.) and their properties. Matrix equations:
Homogeneous, non-homogeneous linear equations and conditions for the
solution, linear dependence and independence. Introduction to vector spaces,
matrix eigen values and eigen vectors, diagonalization, determinants (examples
from Huckel theory).
[12]
Differential and Integral Calculus: Functions, continuity and differentiability,
rules for differentiation, applications of differential calculus including maxima
and minima (examples related to maximally populated rotational energy levels,
Bohr's radius and most probable velocity from Maxwell's distribution
etc.).Integral calculus, basic rules for integration, integration by parts, partial
fraction and substitution. Reduction formulae, applications of integral
calculus.Functions of several variables, partial differentiation, co-ordinate
transformations (e.g. cartesian to spherical polar).
[8]
Elementary Differential equations: Exact First-order differential equations,
homogenous, exact and linear equations. Applications to chemical kinetics,
secular equilibria, quantum chemistry etc, second order differential equation and
their solutions.
[10]
Permutation and Probability: Permutations and combinations, probability and
probability theorems, average, root means square and most probable errors,
examples from the kinetic theory of gases etc., curve fitting (including least
squares fit etc) with a general polynomial fit.
[9]
9
Suggested Books:
1. The chemistry Mathematics Book, E.Steiner, Oxford University Press.
2. Mathematics for chemists, Doggett and Suiclific, Longman.
3. Mathematical preparation for Physical chemistry: F. Daniels, Mc. Graw
Hill.
4. Chemical Mathematics D.M. Hirst, Longman.
5. Applied Mathematics for Physical Chemistry, J.R. Bararnte, Prentice
Hall.
6. Basic Mathematics for Chemists, Tebbutt, Wiley.
CH 561 Biology for Chemists 3-0-0-3
Cell Structure and Functions: Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells,
intracellular organelles and their functions, comparison of plant and animal cells.
Overview of metabolic processes-catabolism and anabolism. ATP - the biological
energy currency. Origin of life-unique properties of carbon chemical evolution
and rise of living systems. Introduction to biomolecules, building blocks of bio-
macromolecules.
[8]
Carbohydrates: Conformation of monosaccharides, structure and functions of
important derivatives of monosaccharides like glycosides, deoxy sugars,
myoinositol, amino sugars. N-acetylmuramic acid, sialic acid, disaccharides and
polysaccharides. Structural polysaccharides; cellulose and chitin. Storage
polysaccharides-starch and glycogen. Structure and biological function of
glucosaminoglycans of mucopolysaccharides. Carbohydrates of glycoproteins
and glycolipids. Role of sugars in biological recognition. Blood group
substances. Ascorbic acid. Carbohydrate metabolism-Kreb's cycle, glycolysis,
glycogenesis and glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway.
[8]
Lipid: Fatty acids, essential fatty acids, structure and function of triacylglycerols,
glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol, bile acids, prostaglandins.
Lipoproteins-composition and function, role in atherosclerosis. Properties of lipid
aggregates-micelles, bilayers, liposomes and their possible biological functions.
Biological membranes. Fluid mosaic model of membrane structure. Lipid
metabolism-β-oxidation of fatty acids.
[8]
Amino-acids, Peptides and Proteins: Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of
proteins to peptides, amino acid sequencing. Secondary structure of proteins.
Force responsible for holding of secondary structures. α- helix, -β-sheets, super
secondary structure, triple helix structure of collagen. Tertiary structure of
protein-folding and domain structure, Quaternary structure. Amino acid
metabolism-degradation and biosynthesis of amino acids, sequence
determination: chemical / enzymatic / mass spectral, racemization / detection.
Chemistry of oxytocin and tryptophan releasing hormone (TRH).
[8]
Nucleic Acids: Purine and pyrimidine bases of nucleic acids, base pairing via H
-bonding. Structure of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA),
double helix model of DNA and forces responsible for holding it. Chemical and
enzymatic hydrolysis of nucleic acids. The chemical basis for heredity, an
10
overview of replication of DNA, transcription, translation and genetic code.
Chemical synthesis of mono and trinucleoside
[7]
Suggested Books:
1. Principles of Biochemistry, A.L. Lehninger, Worth Publishers.
2. Biochemistry, L. Stryer, W.H. Freeman.
3. Biochemistry, J. David Rawan, Neil Patterson.
4. Biochemistry, Voet and Voet, John Wiley.
5. Outlines of Biochemistry E.E. Conn and P.K. Stumpf, John Wiley.
CH 571 Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory - I 0-0-4-2
I. Synthesis and characterization of the following inorganic complex
compounds
a) VO (acac)2
b) Cis-K[Cr(C2O4)2 (H2O)2]
c) Na[Cr (NH3)2 (SCN)4]
d) Mn(acac)3
e) K3[Fe(C2O4)3]
f) Prussian Blue, Turnbull's Blue
II. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis; Two metal ions in cationic/ anionic
forms.
Rare elements: Tl, W, Se, Mo, Ti, Zr, Ce, Th, V, U, Li
Insolubles: Oxides, sulphates and halides
11
Suggested Books:
1. Vogel's Textbook of Quantitative Analysis, revised, J. Bassett,
R.C. Denney, G.H. Jeffery and J. Mendham, ELBS.
2. Synthesis and Characterization of Inorganic Compounds, W.L.
Jolly.
3. Inorganic Experimens, J. Derek Woolings, VCH.
4. Microscale Inorganic Chemistry, Z. Szafran, R.M, Pike and
M.M. Singh, Wiley.
5. Practical Inorganic Chemistry, G. Marr and B. W. Rockett, Van
Nostrad
CH 581 Organic Chemistry Laboratory - I 0-0-4-2
Qualitative Analysis: Separation, purification and identification of
compounds of binary mixture (one liquid and one solid / two liquids / two
solids) using TLC and Column Chromatography, chemical tests. IR spectra to
be used for functional group identification.
Organic Synthesis:
a) Acetylation: Acetylation of cholesterol and separation of cholesteryl
acetate by column chromatography.
b) Oxidation : Adipic acid by chromic acid oxidation of cyclohexanol
c) Grignard reaction : Synthesis of triphenylmethanol from benzoic acid
d) Aldol condensation: Dibenzal acetone from benzaldehyde.
e) Sandmeyer reaction: p-Chlorotoluene from p-toluidine.
Suggested Books:
1. Experiments and Techniques in Organic Chemistry, D.P. Pasto, C.
Johnson and M. Miller, Prentice Hall.
2. Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments, K.L. Williamson,
D.C. Health.
CH 591 Physical Chemistry Laboratory - I 0-0-4-2
a) To construct the phase diagram for three component system (e.g.
chloroform-acetic acid-water).
b) To determine the electron polarization and electron polarizability of a
liquid refractometrically.
c) To determine the concentration of a given solution of an optically active
substance by polarimetric measurements.
d) To determine the specific and molar rotation of an optically active
substance, like cane sugar at a number of concentrations and hence find
the intrinsic rotation of the substance.
e) To verify the Beer’s law for the solution of the potassium
permanganate and determine the concentration of the given aqueous
12
solution of unknown concentration of this salt.
f) To determine the equilibrium constant of the given reaction,
potentiometrically.
g) To determine the heat of neutralization of hydrochloric acid using a
classical calorimeter.
h) To determine the stability constant of a FeSCN2+ complex ion keeping
ionic strength constant.
i) To determine the solubility of Ca (IO3)2 in deionized water and in
dilute solution of potassium chloride at room temperature. Also
evaluate the thermodynamic solubility product.
j) To determine the formula and the stability constant of a metal ion
complex (Lead oxalate complex.)
Suggested Books:
1. Advanced Practical Physical Chemistry, J. B. Yadav, Goel P.H.
2. Practical Physical Chemistry, A.M. James and F.E. Prichard, Longman.
3. Findley's Practical Physical chemistry, B.P. Levitt, Longman.
4. Experimental Physical Chemistry, R.C. Das and B. Behera, Tata
McGraw Hill.
CH 512 Inorganic Chemistry-II 3-0-0-3
Electronic Spectra and Magnetic Properties of Transition Metal
Complexes: Spectroscopic ground states, correlation. Orgel and Tanabe-
Sugano diagrams for transition metal complexes (d1-d9 states), calculations of
Dq, B and β parameters, charge transfer spectra, spectroscopic method of
assignment of absolute configuration in optically active metal chelates and
their stereochemical information, anomalous magnetic moments, magnetic
exchange coupling and spin crossover.
[10]
Metal π-Complexes: Metal carbonyls, structure and bonding, vibrational
spectra of metal carbonyls for bonding and structural elucidation,important
reactions of metal carbonyls; preparation, bonding, structure and important
reaction of transition metal nitrosyl, dinitrogen and dioxygen complexes;
tertiary phosphene as ligand.
[8]
Metal Clusters: Higher boranes, carboranes, metalloboranes and
metallocarboranes compounds with metal metal multiple bonds
[5]
Role of metal ions in biological processes: Brief study of various metal ions
(Fe, Mo, Cu, Co, Ni, V, Cr, Mn, Zn, Se, B, Na, K and Ca) in biological
processes.
[10]
Isopoly and Heteropoly Acids and Salts: Brief study
[6]
13
Suggested Books:
1. Mechanism of Inorganic Reactions; F. Basalo and R.G. Pearson,
Wiley Eastern Ltd.
2. Inorganic Chemistry; D. F. Shriver and P. W. Atkins, ELBS.
3. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry; F. A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson, Edn.
John Wiley & Sons.
4. Electronic Absorption Spectroscopy and Related Techniques; D.N.
Sathyanarayana, Universities Press (India) Ltd.
5. Inorganic Chemistry; Keith F. Purcell and John C. Kotz, W. B.
Sauders Com.
6. Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms; Martin L. Tobe and John Burgess,
Longmans.
CH 514 Organic Chemistry-II 3-0-0-3
Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution: The SNAr, SN1, benzyne and SRN1
mechanism, Reactivity; effect of substrate structure, leaving group and
attacking nucleophile. The Von Richter, Sommelet - Hauser, and Smiles
rearrangments.
[5]
Free Radical Reactions: Types of free radical reactions, free radical
substitution mechanism, mechanism at an aromatic substrate, neighbouring
group assistance. Allylic halogenation (NBS), oxidation of aldehydes to
carboxylic acids, auto-oxidation, coupling of alkynes and arylation of aromatic
compounds by diazonium salts, Sandmeyer reaction. Free radical
rearrangement. Hunsdiecker reaction.
[7]
Addition to Carbon Carbon Multiple Bonds: Mechanistic and
stereochemical aspects of addition reactions involving electrophiles,
nucleophiles and free radicals, regio-and chemoselectivity, orientation and
reactivity. Addition to cyclopropane ring. Hydrogenation of double and triple
bonds, hydrogenation of aromatic rings. Hydroboration, Michael reaction,
sharpless asymmetric epoxidation.
[7]
Addition to Carbon Carbon Multiple Bonds: Mechanistic and
stereochemical aspects of addition reactions involving electrophiles,
nucleophiles and free radicals, regio-and chemoselectivity, orientation and
reactivity. Addition to cyclopropane ring. Hydrogenation of double and triple
bonds, hydrogenation of aromatic rings. Hydroboration, Michael reaction,
sharpless asymmetric epoxidation.
[7]
Elimination Reactions: The E2, E1 and E1CB mechanisms and their
spectrum. Orientation of the double bond. Mechanism and orientation in
pyrolytic elimination.
[5]
Pericyclic Reactions: Molecular orbital symmetry, Electrocyclic reactions,
cycloaddition reactions and sigmatropic reactions, FMO and PMO approach.
Correlation diagram, selection rules. Claisen, Cope and aza-Cope
rearrangements, Ene reaction
[8]
14
Suggested Books:
1. March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry; M.B. Smith & Jerry March,
John Wiley & Sons.
2. A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry; Peter Sykes,
Orient Longman Ltd.
3. Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry; S. M. Mukherjee and S.P.
Singh, Macmillan India Ltd.
4. Mechanism and Theory in Organic Chemistry; T.H. Lowry and K.S.
Richardson, Addison – Wesley Longman Inc.
5. Mechanism and Theory in Organic Chemistry; S.M. Mukherjee and
S.P. Singh, Mac Millan India.
6. Organic Reactions and Their Mechanisms; P. S. Kalsi, New Age
International Pub.
CH 532 Physical Chemistry II 3-0-0-3
Surface Chemistry:
A. Adsorption -Surface tension, capillary action, pressure difference across
curved surface (Laplace equation), vapour pressure of dropletes (Kelvin
equation), Gibbs adsorption isotherm, estimation of surface area (BET
equation), Surface films on liquids (Electro-kinetic phenomenon).
B. Micelles: Surface active agents, classification of surface active agents,
micellization, hydrophobic interaction, critical micellar concentration (CMC),
factors affecting the CMC of surfactants, counter ion binding to micelles,
thermodynamics of micellization-phase separation and mass action models,
solublization, micro emulsion, reverse micelles.
[12]
Macromolecules: Polymer-definition, types of polymers, electrically
conducting, fire resistant, liquid crystal polymers, kinetics of polymerization,
mechanism of polymerization. Molecular mass, number and mass average
molecular mass, molecular mass determination (Osmometry, viscometry,
diffusion and light scattering methods), sedimentation, chain configuration of
macromolecules, calculation of average dimension of various chain
structures.
[8]
15
Electrochemistry: Electrochemistry of solutions. Debye-Huckel-Onsager
treatment and its extension, ion solvent interactions. Debye-Huckel-Jerum
mode. Thermodynamics of electrified interface equations. Derivation of
electro capillarity, Lippmann equations (surface excess), methods of
determination. Structure of electrified interfaces. Guoy-Chapman, Stern,
Graham- Devanathan - Mottwatts, Tobin, Bockris, Devanathan models,
Overpotentials, exchange current density, derivation of Butler Volmer
equation, Tafel plot. Quantum aspects of charge transfer at electrodes-
solution interfaces, quantization of charge transfer, tunneling. Semiconductor
interfaces-theory of double layer at semiconductor, electrolyte solution
interfaces, structure of double layer interfaces. Effect of light at
semiconductor solution interface. Polarography theory, Ilkovic equation; half
wave potential and its significance.
[10]
Chemical Dynamics: Methods of determining rate laws, collision theory of
reaction rates, steric factor, activated complex theory, Arrhenius equation and
the activated complex theory; ionic reactions, kinetic salt effects, steady state
kinetics, kinetic and thermodynamic control of reactions, treatment of
unimolecular reactions. Dynamic chain (hydrogen-bromine reaction,
pyrolysis of acetaldehyde, decomposition of ethane), photochemical
(hydrogen-bromine and hydrogen-chlorine reactions) and homogenous
catalysis, kinetics of enzyme reactions, general features of fast reactions,
study of fast reactions by flow method, relaxation method, flash photolysis
and the nuclear magnetic resonance method, dynamics of unimolecular
reactions (Lindemann Hinshelwood and Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus
(RRKM) theories of unimolecular reactions).
[9]
Suggested Books:
1. Modern Electrochemistry; J.O’M. Bockris and A. K. N. Reddy,
Plenum Press.
2. Physical Chemistry; P. W. Atkins Oxford University Press.
3. Physical Chemistry; I. N. Levine, Tata McGraw Hill Pub. Co. Ltd.
4. Statistical Thermodynamics; Andrew Maczek, Oxford University
Press.
5. Text Book of Polymer Science; F.W. Billmayer, Wiley-Interscience.
6. Modern Electrochemistry;J.O. M. Bockris and A. K. N. Reddy,Vol. 2
A & B, Second Edition, Plenum Press.
7. Chemical Kinetics; K. J. Laidler, Harper & Row.
CH 524 Spectroscopy-II 3-0-0-3
Ultraviolet and Visible spectroscopy: Various electronic transitions (185-800
nm) Beer-Lambert law, effect of solvent on electronic transitions, ultraviolet
bands for carbonyl compounds, unsaturated carbonyl compounds, dienes,
conjugated polyenes. Fieser-Woodward rules for conjugated dienes and
16
carbonyl compounds, ultraviolet spectra of aromatic compounds. Steric effect
in biphenyls.
[7]
Infrared Spectroscopy: Instrumentation and Sample handling.Characteristic
vibrational frequencies of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic compounds,
alcohols, ethers, phenols and amines. Detailed study of vibrational frequencies
of carbonyl compounds (ketones, aldehydes, esters, amides, acids, anhydrides,
lactones, lactams and conjugated carbonyl compounds). Effect of hydrogen
bonding and solvent effect on vibrational frequencies, overtones, combination
bands and fermi resonance.
[7]
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: General introduction and
definition, chemical shift, spin-spin interaction, shielding mechanism,
mechanism of measurement, chemical shift values and correlation for protons
bonded to carbon (aliphatic, olefinic, aldehydic and aromatic) and other nuclei
(alcohols, phenols, enols, carboxylic acids, amines, amides & mercapto),
chemical exchange, effect of deuteration, complex spin-spin interaction
between two, three, four and five nuclei (first order spectra), Stereochemistry,
hindered rotation, Karplus curve-variation of coupling constant with dihedral
angle. Simplifications of complex spectranuclear magnetic double resonance,
NMR shift reagents, solvent effects. Fourier transform technique, nuclear
overhauser effect (NOE).
[8]
Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy: General considerations, chemical shift
(aliphatic, olefinic , alkyne, aromatic, heteroaromatic and carbonyl carbon),
coupling constants. Two dimension NMR spectroscopy-COSY, NOSY, DEPT,
INEPT, APT and INADEQUATE techniques.
[6]
Mass Spectrometry: Introduction ion production EI, CI, FD and FAB, factors
affecting fragmentation, ion analysis, ion abundance. Mass spectral
fragmentation of organic compounds, common functional groups, molecular
ion peak, metastable peak, Mc Lafferty rearrangement. Nitrogen rule. High
resolution mass spectrometry. Example of mass spectral fragmentation of
organic compounds with respect to their structure determination.
[6]
Problems: Structure elucidation based on spectroscopic data. [5]
Suggested Books:
1. Practical NMR Spectroscopy, M.L. Martin. J.J. Delpeuch and G.J.
Martin, Heyden.
2. Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, R.M. Silverstein,
G.C. Bassler adn T.C. Morrill, John Wiley.
3. Introduction to NMR spectroscopy, R.J. Abraham, J. Fisher and P.
Loftus, Wiley.
4. Application of Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, J.R. Dyer
Prentice Hall.
5. Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry D.H. Williams, I.
Fleming, Tata McGraw-Hill.
17
CH 534 Colloids and Surface Chemistry
3-0-0-3
Introduction: Introduction: Colloid & surface science - small particles,
association structures, surfaces, interfaces, interphases and macromolecules,
Survey of technologies reliant upon colloid and surface science.
[5]
Particulate Dispersions (solids dispersed in fluids): Single particles,
Scattering of electromagnetic radiation from matter, Single particles in
external fields (gravity, electrical, etc.), Particle sizing (microscopy, scattering
(ILS, DLS, x-ray, neutron), sedimentation, centrifugation, chromatography,
acoustics, adsorption), Particles in fluids, Particle trajectories’ Transport
phenomena; Brownian motion, diffusion; Rheology & rheology of dispersions;
Particle-particle interactions, potential energy diagrams; Colloid stability -
aqueous, non-aqueous; Consequences of colloid stability (dispersal,
flocculation, coagulation, phase separation); Measuring colloid stability;
Particle-particle interactions: Dispersion forces (Hamaker theory ); Solid-
liquid interfaces (charging of surfaces, Electrical Double Layer, adsorption);
Particle-particle interactions: Electrostatic forces; Analysis of surface charge
and surface chemistry (electrokinetics [electrophoresis, streaming; potential,
electro-osmosis, sedimentation potential], electroacoustics, surface
spectroscopy, ESR); Particle-particle interactions: steric forces & polymer-
mediated forces’’ Particle-particle interactions: hydrophobic forces, Analysis
of particle interactions (rheometry, AFM, CFM, MASIF, SFA); Flocculation
& coagulation - Schulze-Hardy rule, inorganic coagulants, polymeric
flocculants ; wastewater treatment
[15]
Wetting & Capillarity: Surface and interfacial tension; Phenomena of liquid
surfaces - Phenomena of liquids near solid surfaces Wetting, spreading,
penetration, film formation, adhesion, detergency and floation; Contact angles,
their analysis and interpretation - component analysis; Surface roughness,
chemical heterogeneity, contamination; Surface energy methods on planar,
particulate, hollow and fiber surfaces; Relation of capillarity to phase
diagrams; Adhesion & Contact mechanics.
[10]
Bubbles and Foams (gases dispersed in liquids): Foam stability; Film
drainage; Film rupture; Film rheology; Emulsion and pseudo-emulsion films;
Phase diagrams; Measuring thin film properties - disjoining pressure, thin film
balance, Frothing agents’, Foam breaking, Antifoaming agents & mechanisms,
Flotation.
[9]
Suggested Books:
1. Colloidal Dispersions: Suspensions, Emulsions, and Foams I.D.
Morrison and S. Ross (2002, Wiley Interscience, NY; ISBN: 0-471-
17625-7).
2. Basic Principle of Colloid Science, D.H. Everett (1988, Royal Society
of Chemistry, London, ISBN : 0-85186-443-0)
CH 562 Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory - II 0-0-4-2
18
I. Synthesis and characterization of the following inorganic complex compounds
a) [Co(NH3)6] [Co(NO2)6]
b) Cis-[Co(trien) (NO2)2] Cl.H2O
c) Hg[Co(SCN)4]
d) [Co(Py)2Cl2]
e) [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2
f) Ni(dmg)2
g) [Cu(NH3)4]SO4H2O
II. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis; Separation and determination of two
metal ions Cu-Ni, Ni-Zn, Cu-Fe etc. involving volumetric and gravimetric
methods.
III. Chromatography; Separation of cations and anions by
Paper Chromatography.
Column Chromatography : Ion exchange
Suggested Books:
1. Vogel's Textbook of Quantitative Analysis, revised, J. Bassett, R.C.
Denney, G.H. Jeffery and J. Mendham, ELBS.
2. Synthesis and Characterization of Inorganic Compounds, W.L. Jolly.
3. Inorganic Experiments, J. Derek Woolings, VCH.
4. Microscale Inorganic Chemistry, Z. Szafran, R.M, Pike and M.M.
Singh, Wiley.
5. Practical Inorganic Chemistry, G. Marr and B. W. Rockett, Van
Nostrad
CH 572 Organic Chemistry Laboratory - II 0-0-4-2
I. Organic Synthesis:
a) Cannizzaro reaction: 4-Chlorobenzaldehyde as substrate.
b) Friedel Crafts reaction: β-Benzoyl propionic acid from succinic
anhydride and benzene.
c) Aromatic electrophilic substitutions: Synthesis of p-nitroaniline and p-
bromoaniline. The Products may be Characterized by Spectral
Techniques
d) Acetoacetic ester Condensation : Synthesis of ethyl-n-butylacetoacetate
by A.E.E. condensation
II. Quantitative Analysis:
a) Determination of the percentage or number of hydroxyl groups in an
organic compound by acetylation method.
b) Estimation of amines/phenols using bromate bromide solution/or
19
acetylation method.
c) Determination of lodine and Saponification values of an oil sample.
d) Determination of DO, COD and BOD of water sample.
e) To estimate the percentage of sulphur in the given organic sample by
Messenger’s method
f) To estimate the percentage of nitrogen in the given organic
sample by Kjeldahl’s method.
g) To estimate a halogen in the given sample by the alkaline reduction
method (Modified Stepenow method).
Suggested Books:
1. Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis, H. Middleton, Adward
Arnold.
2. Handbook of Organic Analysis-qualitative and Quantitative. H. Clark,
Adward Arnold.
3. Vogel's Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, A.R. Tatchell, John
Wiley.
CH 582 Physical Chemistry Laboratory - II 0-0-4-2
a) To determine the molecular weight of a macromolecule by
viscometry.
b) To determine the order with respect to Ag(I) in the oxidation of
Mn(II) by S2O82- and the rate constant for the uncatalyzed reaction.
c) To determine the formation constant for the [CeIV-H3PO2]
intermediate complex and also the rate constant of its
decomposition at 45 ∙ C.
d) Study the effect of hydrogen ion on the H2O2 ─ I- reaction and to
determine the rate constants K1 and K2 of the given rate equation.
e) To determine the equivalent conductivity of an electrolyte at infinite
dilutions, and to determine the dissociation constant of an acid at
different dilutions.
f) To determine the standard electrode potential of the ferrous ferric
system by titrating ferrous ammonium sulphates against potassium
dichromate potentiometrically.
g) To determine the surface tension of an organic liquid (Ethyl acetate)
at different temperatures by double capillary method and hence test
the constancy of parachor.
h) To determine the critical micelle concentration of a soap (sodium
laurate, sodium palmitate etc.) by surface tension measurements.
20
i) To determine the solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble
salts e.g. PbSO4, BaSO4) conductometrically.
j) To determine the strength of the given acid conductometrically using
standard alkali solution. Select suitable pair for titration. (SA-SB, SA-
WB, WA-SB, WA-WB)
Suggested Books:
1. Advanced Practical Physical Chemistry, J. B. Yadav, Goel P.H.
2. Practical Physical Chemistry, A.M. James and F.E. Prichard, Longman.
3. Findley's Practical Physical chemistry, B.P. Levitt, Longman.
4. Experimental Physical Chemistry, R.C. Das and B. Behera, Tata McGraw
Hill.
CH 611 Photochemical Reactions 3-0-0-3
Photochemical Reactions: Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with
matter, types of excitations, fate of excited molecule, quantum yield, transfer
of excitation energy, actinometry.
[7]
Determination of Reaction Mechanism: Classification, rate constants and
life times of reactive energy state; determination of rate constants of reactions.
Effect of light intensity on the rate of photochemical reactions. Types of
photochemical reactions-photo dissociation, gas-phase photolysis.
[8]
Photochemistry of Alkene: Intramolecular reactions of the olefinic bond-
geometrical isomerism, cyclisation reactions, rearrangement of 1,4- and 1,5-
dienes.
[5] Photochemistry of Carbonyl Compounds: Intramolecular reactions of
carbonyl compounds-saturated, cyclic and acyclic, β,γ unsaturated and α, β
unsaturated compounds, cyclohexadienones. Intermolecular cyloaddition
reactions-dimerisations and oxetane formation.
[8]
Photochemistry of Aromatic Compounds: Isomerisations, additions and
substitutions.
[5] Miscellaneous Photochemical Reactions: Photo-Fries reactions of anilides,
Photo-Fries rearrangement, Barton reaction, Singlet molecular Oxygen
reaction, Photochemical formation of smog. Photodegradation of polymers.
Photochemistry of vision.
[6]
Suggested Books:
21
1. Fundamentals of photochemistry, K.K. Rohtagi - Mukherjee, Wiley-
Eastern.
2. Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry, A Gilbert and J. Baggott,
Blackwell Scientific Publication.
3. Molecular Photochemistry, N.J. Turro, W.A. Benjamin.
4. Introductory Photochemistry, A. Cox and t. Camp, McGraw Hill.
5. Photochemistry, R.P. Kundall and A. Gilbert. Thomson Nelson.
6. Organic Photochemistry, J. Coxon and B.halton, Cambridge University
Press.
CH 621 Bioorganic Chemistry 3-0-0-3
Introduction: Basic considerations, Proximity effects and molecular
adaptation.
[4]
Enzymes: Introduction and historical perspective, chemical and biological
catalysis, remarkable properties of enzymes like catalytic power, specificity
and regulation. Nomenclature and classification, extraction and purification.
Fischer's lock and key and Koshland's induced fit hypothesis, concept and
identification of active site by the use of inhibitors, affinity labelling and
enzyme modification by site-directed mutagenesis. Enzyme kinetics,
Michaelis-Menten and Lineweaver - Burk plots, reversible and irreversible
inhibition.
[11]
Mechanism of Enzyme Action: Transition-state theory, orientation and Steric
effect, acid-base catalysis, covalent catalysis, strain or distortion. Examples of
some typical enzyme mechanisms for chemotrypsin, ribonuclease, lysozyme
and carboxypeptidase A.
[6]
Kinds of Reactions Catalysed by Enzymes: Nucleophilic displacement on a
phosphorus atom, multiple displacement reactions and the coupling of ATP
cleavage to endergonic processes. Transfer of sulphate, addition and
elimination reactions, enolic intermediates in Isomerisation reactions, β-
Cleavage and condensation, some isomerization and rearrangement reactions.
Enzyme catalyzed carboxylation and decarboxylation.
[9]
Industrial Applications of Enzymes : Techniques and methods of
immobilization of enzymes, effect of immobilization on enzyme activity,
application of immobilized enzymes, use of enzymes in food and drink
industry-Brewing and cheese-making, syrups from corn starch, enzymes as
targets for drug design.
[9]
Suggested Books:
1. Bioorganic Chemistry: A chemical Approach to Enzyme Action,
Hermann Dugas and C. Penny, Springer Verlag.
22
2. Understanding Enzymes, Trevor Palmer, Prentice Hall.
3. Enzyme Chemistry: Impact and applications, Ed. Collin J suckling,
Chapman and Hall.
4. Enzyme Mechanisms Ed. M.I. Page and A Williams, Royal Society of
Chemistry.
5. Fundamentals of Enzymology, N.C. Price and L. Stevens. Oxford
University Press.
6. Immobilized Enzymes: An Introduction and Applications in
Biotechnology, Michael B. Trevan, John Wiley.
7. Enzymatic Reaction Mechanisms. C. Walsh. W.H. Freeman.
8. Enzyme Structure and Mechanism, A Fersht, W.H. Freeman.
9. Biochemistry: The Chemical Reactions of Living Cells, D.E. Metzler,
Academic Press.
CH 631 Organic Synthesis-I 3-0-0-3
Reagents and reactions: Gilman’s reagent – Lithium dimethylcuprate,
Lithium diisopropylamide (LDA), Dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DDC),
1,3-Dithiane (Umpolungreagent), trimethylsilyliodide, Petersons
synthesis, Bakers yeast, Organophosphorus compounds (Wittig
reaction), Sulphur ylides, Phase transfer catalysts: Quaternary
ammonium and Phosphonium salts, Crown ethers. Heck reaction, Suzuki
coupling and Mukaiyama reaction.
[9]
Oxidation: Introduction, Different oxidative processes. Hydrocarbons-
alkenes, aromatic rings, saturated C-H groups (activated and unactivated)
Alcohols, diols, aldehyde's, ketones, ketals and carboxylic acids. Amines,
hydrazines, and sulphides. Oxidations with ruthenium tetraoxide,
iodobenzene diacetate and thallium. (III) Nitrate.
[9]
Reduction: Introduction, Different reductive processes. Alkanes, alkenes,
alkynes, and aromatic rings. Carbonyl compounds-aldehydes, ketones,
acids and their derivatives. Epoxides. Nitro, nitroso, azo and oxime
groups. Epoxide, Nitro, Nitroso, azo and oxime groups. Hydrogenolysis.
[8]
Rearrangements: General mechanistic considerations-nature of
migration, migratory aptitude, memory effects. A detailed study of the
following rearrangements. Pinacol-pinacolone, Wagner-Meerwein,
Demjanov, Benzil – Benzillic acid. Favorskii, Arndt-Eistert synthesis,
Neber, Beckmann, Hofmann, Curtius, Schmidt, Baeyer-Villiger, Shapiro
reaction.
[8]
Metallocenes, Nonbenzenoid Aromatics and Polycyclic Aromatic
Compounds: General consideration. Synthesis and reactions of some
representative compounds. (Tropone, tropolone, azulene, ferrocene,
phenanthrene, fluorine and undone).
[5]
Suggested Books:
23
1. Modern Synthetic Reactions. H.O. House, W.A. Benjamin.
2. Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, W. Carruthers,
Cambridge Uni. Press.
3. Advanced Organic Chemistry, Reactions Mechanisms and Structure, J.
March. John Wiley.
4. Principles of Organic synthesis, R.O.C. Norman and J.M. Coxon,
Blackie Academic & Professional.
5. Advanced Organic Chemistry Part B.F.A. Carey and R.J. Sundberg
Plenum Press.
6. Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon Compounds. Ed. S. Coffey, Elsevier
CH 641 Separation Techniques and Data Analysis 3-0-0-3
Adsorption and partition chromatography:
(a) Definition of terms, techniques and chemical concepts
(b) Column adsorption chromatography
(c)Partition chromatography-column, paper and TLC
[8]
High performance liquid chromatography -
Introduction, choice of the system, instrumentation and applications.
[5]
Gas liquid chromatography: Introduction, choice of the system,
instrumentation, qualitative and quantitative analysis of mixtures.
[5]
Gel permeation/size exclusion Chromatography: Introduction, theory and
applications.
[5]
Ion exchangers: Theory, action of ion-exchange resins, ion exchange
chromatography, exchange capacity, ion-exchange resins and liquid ion-
exchange resins, applications of cation and anion ion exchangers.
[5]
Solvent Extr ac tio n: - Introduction, principles, factors that influence solvent
extraction, ion association complexes and applications of solvent
extraction.
[5]
Data analysis: Types of errors, propagation of errors, accuracy and precision,
and least- square analysis, average standard deviation.
[6]
Suggested Books:
1. Principles of I n s t r u m e n t a l Analysis; D.A. Skoog, Saunders
College Publishing.
2. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis; G.W. Ewing, McGraw
Hill Books Co.
3. Modern Methods of Chemical Analysis; R. L. Pecsok, L. D.
Shields, T. Cairns and L.C. Mc William, John Wiley.
4. Analytical Chemistry: Principles; J.H. Kennedy, Saunders Holt.
CH 651 Environmental and Green Chemistry 3-0-0-3
24
Atmosphere: Regions of the atmosphere, Reactions in atmospheric chemistry,
Earth’s radiation balance, Particles, ion and radicals in the atmosphere,
stratospheric chemistry: The chemistry of ozone layer, The role of chemicals
in ozone destruction, The green-house effect and Global warming, El-Nino
phenomenon.
[8]
Hydrosphere : Complexation in natural water and waste-water, Micro-
organism in aquatic chemical reactions, Eutrophication, Re-cycle of waste-
water in process industry, Treatment of sewage and reuse of water in
industry and agriculture, Microbiology mediated redox reactions and
Nitrogen transformation by bacteria.
[8]
Lithosphere : The terrestrial environment, Soil formations, soil properties
(physical/chemical), inorganic and organic components in soil, acid-base
and ion-exchange reactions in soil, micro and macro nutrients, nitrogen
pathways and NPK in soil, waste and pollutants in soil, waste classification
and disposal.
[8]
Chemical Toxicology: Toxic chemicals in the environments, Impact of
toxic chemicals on enzymes, Biochemical effects of arsenic, cadmium, lead,
mercury, carbon monooxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, ozone, PAN,
cyanide, pesticides, insecticides and carcinogens.
[7]
Green Chemistry: Green chemistry – Green reagent-dimethyl carbonate and
other polymer supported reagents, green catalysts-acid catalyst,
basic catalysts, oxidation catalysts, polymer supported catalysts,
photocatalyst, green synthesis-phase transfer catalyst. Microwave
induction, ultrasound assisted, green solvents- reactions in acidic and
neutral ionic liquids, green synthesis of polycarbonates, paracetamol,
ibuprofen , citral, urethane, adipic acid and styrene.
[8]
Suggested Books:
1. Green Chemistry, P. Anastas, RSC.
2. Environmental Chemistry, S.E. Manahan, Lewis Pub.
3. Environmental Chemistry, Sharma and Kaur, Krishna Pub.
4. Environmental Chemistry, A.K. De, Wiley Eastern
5. Environmental Chemistry, C. Baird, W.H. Freem
CH 661 Advanced Organic Chemistry Laboratory - I 0-0-4-2
I. Qualitative Analysis: Separation, purification and identification of the
components of a mixture of three organic compounds (three solids or two liquids
and one solid or two solids and one liquid), using TLC for checking the purity of
the separated compounds, chemical analysis, IR, PMR and mass spectral data.
II. Multi –step Synthesis of Organic Compounds: The exercise should illustrate
the use of organic reagents and may involve purification of the products by
chromatographic techniques. (Any Five)
25
a) Photochemical reaction Benzophenone - Benzpinacol - Benzpinacolone
b) Beckmann rearrangement : Benzanilide from benzene Benzene -
Benzophenone - Benzphenone oxime - Benzanilide
c) Benzilic acid rearrangement : Benzilic acid from benzoin Benzoin - Benzil
-Benzilic acid.
d) Synthesis of heterocyclic compounds Skraup synthesis: Preparation of
quinoline from aniline Fisher Indole synthesis: Preparation of 2-
phenylindole from phenylhydrazine.
e) Enzymatic synthesis; Enzymatic reduction : reduction of ethyl acetoacetate
using Baker's yeast to yield enantiomeric excess of S (+) ehtyl-3-
hydroxybutanoate and determine its optical purity.
f) Biosynthesis of ethanol from sucrose.
g) Synthesis using microwave Alkylation of diethyl malonate with benzyl
chloride.
h) Synthesis using phase transfer catalyst. Alkylation of diethyl malonate or
ethylacetoacetate with an alkyl halide.
Suggested Books:
1. Handbook of Organic Analysis-qualitative and Quantitative. H. Clark,
Adward Arnold.
2. Vogel's Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, A.R.Tatchell,J.Wiley
CH 671 Advanced Organic Chemistry Laboratory - II 0-0-4-2
Extraction of Organic Compounds from Natural Sources. (Any Five)
a) Isolation of caffeine from tea leaves.
b) Isolation of benzoic acid from tea leaves.
c) Isolation of casein from milk (the students are required to try some typical
colour reactions of proteins).
d) Isolation of lactose from milk (purity of sugar should be checked by TLC
and PC and Rf values reported).
e) Isolation of nicotine dipicrate from tobacco.
f) Isolation of cinchonine from cinchona bark.
g) Isolation of piperine from black pepper.
h) Isolation of lycopene from tomatoes.
i) Isolation of β-carotene from carrots.
j) Isolation of oleic acid from olive oil (involving the preparation of complex
with urea and separation of linoleic acid).
k) Isolation of eugenol from clove.
l) Isolation of (+) limonine from citrus rind.
Suggested Books:
26
1. Handbook of Organic Analysis-qualitative and Quantitative. H. Clark,
Adward Arnold.
2. Vogel's Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, A.R. Tatchell, John
Wiley
CH 681 Advanced Organic Chemistry Laboratory - III 0-0-4-2
I. Separation and identification of the sugars and Amino acids present in the given
mixture by paper chromatography and determination of Rf values
II. Identification of organic compound with the help of spectral datas.
Suggested Books:
1. Handbook of Organic Analysis-qualitative and Quantitative. H. Clark,
Adward Arnold.
2. Vogel's Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, A.R. Tatchell, John
Wiley
3. Practical NMR Spectroscopy, M.L. Martin. J.J. Delpeuch and G.J.
Martin, Heyden.
4. Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, R.M. Silverstein,
G.C. Bassler adn T.C. Morrill, John Wiley.
5. Introduction to NMR spectroscopy, R.J. Abraham, J. Fisher and P.
Loftus, Wiley.
6. Application of Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, J.R. Dyer Prentice
Hall.
7. Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry D.H. Williams, I.
Fleming, Tata McGraw-Hill.
CH 612 Organic Synthesis-II 3-0-0-3
Disconnection Approach: An introduction to synthons and synthetic
equivalents. Disconnection approach, functional group inter-conversions, the
importance of the order of events in organic synthesis, one group C-X and two
group C-X disconnections, chemoselectivity, reversal of polarity, cyclisation
reaction, amine synthesis.
[8]
Protecting Groups: Principle of protection of alcohol, amine, carbonyl and
carboxyl groups.
[6]
One Group C-C Disconnections: Alcohols and carbonyl compounds,
regioselectivity, alkene synthesis, use of acetylenes and aliphatic Nitro
compounds in organic synthesis.
[6]
Two Group C-C Disconnections: Diels-Alder Reaction, 1,3-difunctionalised
compounds, α, β- unsaturated carbonyl compounds, control in carbonyl
27
condensations, 1,5-difunctionalised compounds. Micheal addition and
Robinson annelation.
[6]
Ring Synthesis: Saturated heterocycles, synthesis of 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-
membered rings. aromatic heterocycles in organic synthesis.
[5]
Synthesis of Some Complex Molecules: application of the above in the
synthesis of following compounds : Camphor, Longifoline, Cortisone,
Reserpine, Vitamin D, Juvabione, Aphidicolin and Fredericamycin A.
[8]
Suggested Books:
1. Designing Organic Synthesis, S.Warren. Wiley.
2. Organic Synthesis-Concept, Methods and Starting Materials, J.
Fuhrhop.
3. Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis. W. carruthers,
Cambridge Univ. Press.
4. Modern Synthetic Reactions H.O. House, W.A Benjamin.
5. Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms and Structure, J.
March. Wiley.
6. Principles, of Organic Chemistry Part B. F.A. Carey and R.J. Sundberg,
Plenum Press.
CH 622 Heterocyclic Chemistry 3-0-0-3
Aromatic Heterocycles: Nomenclature, General chemical behaviour of
aromatic heterocycles, classification (structural type), criteria of aromaticity
(bond lengths, ring current and chemical shifts in 1H NMR-spectra. Empirical
resonance energy, delocalization energy and Dewar resonance energy,
diamagnetic susceptibility exaltations). Heteroaromatic reactivity and
tautomerism in aromatic heterocycles.
[6]
Non-aromatic Heterocycles: Strain-bond angle and torsional strains and their
consequences in small ring heterocycles. Conformation of six-membered
heterocycles with reference to molecular geometry, barrier to ring inversion,
pyramidal inversion and 1, 3-diaxial interaction. Stereo-electronic effects,
anomeric and related effects, Attractive interactions-hydrogen bonding and
intermolecular nucleophilic electrophilic interactions. Heterocyclic Synthesis
Principles of heterocyclic synthesis involving cyclization reactions and
cycloaddition reactions.
[7]
Small Ring Heterocycles: Three-membered and four-membered heterocycles-
synthesis and reactions of aziridines, oxiranes, thiiranes, azetidines, oxetanes
and thietanes.
[4]
Benzo-Fused Five-Membered Heterocycles: Synthesis and reactions
including medicinal applications of benzopyrroles, benzofuranes and
benzothiophenes.
[4]
28
Meso - ionic Heterocycles:General classification, chemistry of some important
meso-ionic heterocycles of type-A and B and their applications.
[4]
Six - Membered Heterocycles with one Heteroatom:Synthesis and reactions
of pyrilium salts and pyrones and their comparison with pyridinium &
thiopyrilium salts and pyridones. Synthesis and reactions of quinolinium and
benzopyrylium salts, coumarins and chromones.
[6]
Six Membered Heterocycles with Two Heteroatoms: Synthesis and
reactions of diazines, triazines, tetrazines and thiazines. Seven-and Large-
Membered Heterocycles Synthesis and reactions of azepines, oxepines,
thiepines, diazepines thiazepines, azocines, diazocines, dioxocines and
dithiocines.
[8]
Suggested Books:
1. Heterocyclic Chemistry Vol. 1-3, R.R. Gupta, M. Kumar and V.Gupta,
Springer Verlag.
2. The Chemistry of Heterocycles, T. Eicher and S. Hauptmann, Thieme.
3. Heterocyclic chemistry J.A. Joule, K. Mills and G.F. Smith, Chapman
and Hall.
4. Heterocyclic Chemistry, T.L. Gilchrist, Longman Scientific Techinal.
5. Contemporary Hetrocyclic Chemistry, G,.R. Newkome and W.W.
Paudler, Wiley-Inter Science.
6. An Introduction to the Heterocyclic Compounds, R.M.Acheson,
Johnwiely.
7. Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry, A.R. Katrizky and C.W. Rees,
eds. Pergamon Press.
CH 632 Chemistry of Natural Products 3-0-0-3
Terpenoids and Carotenoids: Classification, nomenclature, occurrence,
isolation, general methods of structure determination, isoprene rule. Structure
determination, stereochemistry, biosynthesis and synthesis of the following
representative molecules: Citral, Gereniol, α-Terpeneol, Menthol, Farnesol,
Zingiberene, Santonin, Phytol, Abietic acid and β-Carotene.
[9]
Alkaloids: Definition, nomenclature and physiological action, occurrence,
isolation, general methods of structure elucidation, degradation, classification
based on nitrogen heterocyclic ring, role of alkaloids in plants. Structure,
stereochemistry, synthesis and biosynthesis of the following: Ephedrine, (+)-
Coniine, Nicotine, Atropine, Quinine and Morphine.
[9]
Steroids: Occurrence, nomenclature, basic skeleton, Diel's hydrocarbon and
stereochemistry, Isolation, Structure determination and synthesis of Cholesterol,
Bile acids, Androsterone, Testosterone, Estrone, Progestrone, Aldosterone,
Biosynthesis of Steroids.
[9]
29
Flavonoids and Anthocyanins: Occurrence, nomenclature, biogenesis and
general methods of structure determination. Isolation and synthesis of Apigenin,
Luteolin, Quercetin, Myrcetin, Quercetin-3-glucoside, Vitexin, Diadzein, Butein,
Aureusin, Cyanidin-7-arabinoside, Cyanidine, Hirsutidin.
[9]
Porphyrins: Structure and synthesis of Haemoglobin and Chlorophyll. [3]
Suggested Books:
1. Natural Products : Chemistry and Biological Significance, J. Mann,
R.S. Davidson, J.B. Hobbs, D.V. Banthrope adn J.B. Harbome,
Longman, Esses.
2. Organic Chemistry: Vol. 2 1L. Finar, ELBS
3. Stereoselective Synthesis: A Practical Approach, M. Norgradi, VCH.
4. Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, Ed. S. Coffey, Elsevier.
5. Chemistry, Biological and Pharmacological Properties of Medicinal
Plants from the Americas, Ed. Kurt Hostettmann, M.P. Gupta and A.
Marston. harwood Academic Publishers.
6. Introduction to Flavonoids, B.A. Bohm. Harwood Academic
Publishers.
7. New Trends in Natural Product chemistry, Atta-ur-Rahman and M.I.
Choudhary, Harwood Academic Publishers.
8. Insecticides of Natural Origin, Sukh Dev, Harwood Academic
Publishers.
CH 642 Medicinal Chemistry 3-0-0-3
Structure and activity : Relationship between chemical structure and
biological activity (SAR). Receptor Site Theory. Approaches to drug
design. Introduction to combinatorial synthesis in drug discovery.
[9]
Antibiotics and antibacterials: Introduction (i) Antibiotic β-Lactam type
Penicillins, Cephalosporins (ii) Antitubercular Streptomycin(iii)Broad
spectrumantibiotics-Tetracyclines (iv)Anticancer-Dactinomycin (Actinomycin
D) (v)Antifungal –polyenes(vi) Antibacterial Ciprofloxacin,Norfloxacin(vii)
Antiviral – Acyclovir
[9]
Antimalarials: Chemotherapy of malaria. SAR. Chloroquine, Chloroguanide
and Mefloquine.
[4]
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs : Diclofenac Sodium, Ibuprofen
and Netopam
[4]
Antihistaminic and antiasthmatic agents:Terfenadine,Cinnarizine,
Salbutamol and Beclomethasone dipropionate [4]
Antineoplastic Agents: Introduction, cancer chemotherapy, special problems,
role of alkylating agents and antimetabolites in treatment of cancer. Mention
of carcinolytic antibiotics and mitotic inhibitors. Synthesis of
mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide, melphalan, uracil, mustards, and 6-
30
mercaptopurines. Recent development in cancer chemotherapy. Hormone and
natural products.
[9]
Suggested Books:
1. Medicinal Chemistry; Burger, Wiley Interscience Publications.
2. Principles of Medicinal Chemistry; W. O. Foye Lea & Febiger:
Varghese Publishing House
3. The Organic Chemistry of Drug Synthesis; D. Lednicer and L. A.
Mitscher Wiley Interscience.
4. Medicinal Chemistry ; Kar, , Wiley Eastern Ltd