masonry construction walls in masonry; bonding of … technology 11-wal… · masonry construction...

MASONRY CONSTRUCTION

WALLS IN MASONRY; BONDING OF MASONRY

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY I I

2018- 2019

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Prepared by: Asjad Badreldin Badawi

Walls in Masonry :

■ Historical Perspective:

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Walls in Masonry

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■ Historical Perspective:

Walls in Masonry■ Historical Perspective:

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Walls in Masonry

Introduction:

Masonry walls are the most durable part of any building orstructure.

The strongest part of any building or any structure for thatmatter would be the masonry walls.

Function:

They provide strength, durability to the structure and also helpsto control indoor and outdoor temperature.

It separates a building from outside world.

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Walls in Masonry :

Types of Masonry walls:

- Based on load bearing:

A. Load bearing masonry walls.

B. Non-load bearing masonry walls.

- Based on construction:

1. Solid walls

2. Reinforced Masonry walls

3. Hollow or Cavity masonry walls

4. Composite Masonry Walls

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Walls in Masonry :



A. Load bearing masonry walls:

Materials: Load bearing masonry walls are constructedwith bricks, stones or concrete blocks.

These walls directly transfer loads from the roof to thefoundation.

Location: These walls can be exterior as well as interiorwalls.

Cost: The construction system with load bearing wallsare economical than the system with framedstructures.

Thickness: The thickness of load bearing walls is basedon the quantity of load from roof it has to bear.

For example a load bearing wall with just a groundfloor can have its outer walls of 230mm, while with oneor more floors above it, based on occupancy type, itsthickness may be increased.

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Walls in Masonry :



B. Non-Load bearing masonry walls.

Walls that are only intended to supportthemselves and the weight of thecladding or sheathings attached.

Non load bearing walls provide nostructural support and may be interior orexterior walls.

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Walls in Masonry :



1. Solid walls:

Solid walls are structurally bondedby metal ties, masonry headers orby joint reinforcement.

Where solid masonry walls are used,insulation and mechanicalequipment are often installed.

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Walls in Masonry :



2. Reinforced Masonry walls:

Reinforced masonry walls can be load bearingwalls or non-load bearing walls.

Reinforced masonry is any type of brick,concrete or other type of masonry that isstrengthened or fortified with the use of otherbuilding materials to increase resistance todeterioration due to weight bearing or otherforms of stress.

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Walls in Masonry :



3. Hollow or Cavity masonry walls:

Hollow or Cavity masonry walls are used toprevent moisture reaching the interior of thebuilding by providing hollow space betweenoutside and inside face of the wall.

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Walls in Masonry :



4. Composite Masonry Wall:

These walls are constructed with two or moreunits such as stones or bricks and hollow bricks.

This type of masonry wall construction is donefor better appearance with economy.

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Walls in Masonry :

Types of Masonry walls: - Based on construction:


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Walls in Masonry :




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Walls in Masonry :




They are interconnected eitherby horizontal joint reinforcementor by using steel ties or bymasonry bonding .

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Bonding of Masonry

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Walls in Masonry :

Some Important Terms Used In Masonry

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Walls in Masonry :


1. STRETCHER:

■ A brick, laid with its length horizontal and parallel with theface of the wall or other masonry member is called a"Stretcher"

■ A course, in which, all the bricks are laid as Stretchers iscalled a “Stretching course" or "Stretchercourse"

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Walls in Masonry :


2. HEADER:

■ A brick laid, so that only its end shows on the face of a wallis called a "Header“

■ A course, in which all the bricks are laid as headers, isknown as "Heading Course" or "Headercourse“.

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Walls in Masonry :


3. BOND:

■ Bond is the arrangement of bricks or stones in each course,so as to ensure the greatest possible interlocking and toavoid the continuity of vertical joints in two successivecourses, both on the face and in the body of a wall.

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Walls in Masonry :


4. COURSE:

■ Each horizontal layer of bricks laid inmortar in a brick work is called a "course".

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Walls in Masonry :


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Walls in Masonry :


5. BRICK BATS

■ The pieces of bricks, cut long their length and having widthequivalent to that of a full or half brick are called "Brickbats“.

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Walls in Masonry :


6. QUEEN CLOSER:

Queen closer is a brick, which is half as wide asfull brick and is made by cutting a whole bricklengthwise into two portions.

These are generally used next to the Quoinheader for creating bonds in brickwork.

Quoin header:

A quoin which serves as a header in the face ofa wall and a stretcher in the face of the returnwall.

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Walls in Masonry :


7. KING CLOSER:

A brick, whose one diagonal piece is cut off onecorner by a vertical plane passing through the centreof one end to the centre of one side.

8. BEVELED CLOSER:

A brick cut longitudinally along a vertical plane,starting at the middle of one end to the far corner.One quarter of the brick is cut off in this way.

9. BULLNOSE :

A brick with rounded corners is called a “Bull NoseBrick”

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Walls in Masonry :

Some Important Terms Used InMasonry

10. SQUINT BRICKS

These bricks are used to constructacute (>90 degree) or obtuse (< 90degree) corners in brick masonry.

These are special forms of bricks

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Walls in Masonry :


11. FROG

Froged bricks shall have depressions in one or more bed faces buttheir total volume shall not exceed 20% of gross volume of a brick.

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Walls in Masonry :

TOOLS USED

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Walls in Masonry :

Tools used

Trowel

Plumb bob

Hammer

Spirit level

Mason square

Steel tape

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Walls in Masonry :

Tools used

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Walls in Masonry :

Tools used

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Walls in Masonry :

Tools used

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Walls in Masonry :

TYPES OF BONDS

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Walls in Masonry :

TYPES OF BONDS

1. Stretching Bond

2. Heading Bond

3. English Bond

4. Flemish Bond:

(i) Double Flemish Bond

(ii) Single Flemish Bond

5. Garden Wall Bond

(i) English Garden Wall Bond

(ii) Flemish Garden Wall Bond

6. Raking Bond

(I) Herring Bone Bond

(Ii) Diagonal Bond

7. Dutch Bond

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Walls in Masonry :

TYPES OF BONDS

1. Stretching Bond:

The bond in which all the bricks are laid as

stretchers in every course is called "Stretching

bond”.

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Walls in Masonry :

TYPES OF BONDS

2. Heading Bond:

The bond in which all the bricks are laid as headers in

every course of a wall is called "Heading bond".

This bond is commonly used for constructing footings of

walls and columns, corbels, cornices, etc.

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Walls in Masonry :

TYPES OF BONDS

3. ENGLISH BOND

This bond consists of headers and stretchers laid

in alternative courses.

It is strongest of all the bonds.

It provides rough appearance especially for one

brick thick walls.

There are no noticeable continuous vertical joints

in the structure built in this bond.

Much attention is not required in providing this

bond.

Progress of work is more.

It is costly because the use of brick bats is not

allowed.

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Walls in Masonry :

TYPES OF BONDS

3. ENGLISH BOND

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Walls in Masonry :

TYPES OF BONDS

3. ENGLISH BOND

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Walls in Masonry :

TYPES OF BONDS

4. Flemish Bond

The bond, in which headers and stretchers are laid alternately in

the same course, is called "Flemish bond".

Two types Flemish bond:


(ii) Single Flemish Bond

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Header

Stretcher

Walls in Masonry :

TYPES OF BONDS

4. Flemish Bond

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Walls in Masonry :

TYPES OF BONDS

4. Flemish Bond


The bond in which headers and stretchers are laid alternately in

each course, both in the face and back of the wall, is called

Double Flemish Bond.

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Walls in Masonry :

TYPES OF BONDS

4. Flemish Bond

(ii) Single Flemish Bond:

The bond provided in a wall with Flemish bond in

facing and English bond in backing is called

"Single Flemish bond" or "Cross bond".

This bond combines the advantages of both

English and Flemish bonds and simultaneously

eliminates their disadvantages.

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Walls in Masonry :

TYPES OF BONDS

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Walls in Masonry :

TYPES OF BONDS

5. GARDEN WALL BOND

This bond is used for constructing one brick thick

garden walls, boundary walls, and other walls

such as outer leaves of cavity walls to provide

good appearance.

Two types garden wall bond :

(i) English garden wall bond

(ii) Flemish garden wall bond

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Walls in Masonry :

TYPES OF BONDS

5. GARDEN WALL BOND

(i) English garden wall bond:

The garden wall bond in which a heading course

is provided after 3 or 5 stretching courses is

called "English Garden Wall Bond“.

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Walls in Masonry :

TYPES OF BONDS

5. GARDEN WALL BOND

(ii) Flemish garden wall bond:

In this bond a header is provided after 3 or 5 stretches in each

course.

This bond is also known as “Sussex or Scotch Bond".

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Walls in Masonry :

TYPES OF BONDS

6. RAKING BOND

It this type of bond alternate course are placed in different

directions to get maximum strength in the wall.

Two types raking bond:

(i) Herring wall bond:

(ii) Diagonal wall bond

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Walls in Masonry :

TYPES OF BONDS

6. RAKING BOND

(i) Herring wall bond:

The raking bond in which bricks are laid at an angle of

45 degree , starting at the central line and proceeding

towards the facing and backing of the wall, is called

"Herring Bone Bond“.

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Walls in Masonry :

TYPES OF BONDS

6. RAKING BOND

(ii) Diagonal Bond:

The raking bond in which bricks are laid starting from

the corner in parallel rows inclined to the facing and

backing of the wall is known as "Diagonal bond".

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Walls in Masonry :

TYPES OF BONDS

7. DUTCH BOND

This bond in which two stretchers and one header are

laid alternately in each course is called " Dutch Bond".

This bond is used in the construction of boundary walls.

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PRACTICAL

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PRACTICAL:

■ Draw a detailed plan, elevation, section, and details for a6.00*4.00*3.00m room, using the following Bonds Types:

A. English Bond

B. Flemish Bond

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PRACTICAL:

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Hendry, Emeritus A. W. "Masonry Walls: Materials and Construction." Construction and Building Materials 15.8 (2001): 323-30. Print.

Bureau of Indian Standards. Handbook on masonry design and construction. New Delhi. May 7, 2013. Print.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonry#Veneer_masonry

https://www.slideshare.net/LukeDArcy2/tutor-solid-wall-and-arches

https://www.slideshare.net/mohitishere/types-of-masonry-walls?qid=44511783-a399-47f9-bd26-c936910feb27&v=&b=&from_search=1

https://www.slideshare.net/richlux/masonry-part-2-f-09-1978409?qid=44511783-a399-47f9-bd26-c936910feb27&v=&b=&from_search=3

https://theconstructor.org/building/types-of-masonry-walls/10800/

http://www.acivilengineer.com/2017/04/Masonry-Wall-Types.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonry

https://www.slideshare.net/vigyanashram/types-of-construction-25907371?next_slideshow=1

https://www.slideshare.net/waghkundan123/bricks-and-bricks-work?qid=7039e901-6e65-422a-b9bd-ea97ec7644c6&v=&b=&from_search=9

https://www.slideshare.net/sathishsak/brick-mansonry?qid=7039e901-6e65-422a-b9bd-ea97ec7644c6&v=&b=&from_search=3

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REFERENCES

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