What Is Motivation?

COMPARISON OF MASLOWS AND HERZBERGS MODELS

2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 162What Is Motivation?MotivationIs the result of an interaction between the person and a situation; it is not a personal trait.Is the process by which a persons efforts are energized, directed, and sustained towards attaining a goal.Energy: a measure of intensity or drive.Direction: toward organizational goalsPersistence: exerting effort to achieve goals.Motivation works best when individual needs are compatible with organizational goals.2Prentice Hall, 2001Chapter 6What Is Motivation?DirectionPersistenceIntensity

3MotivationA great man is one who can make a small man feel great, and perform great.

Theories of MotivationNeeds theories

Maslows hierarchy of needsHerzbergs two factor theory

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND SURVIVAL NEEDS SAFETY AND SECURITY NEEEDS BELONGING AND SOCIAL NEEDS ESTEEM AND STATUS NEEDS SELF- ACTUALIZATION AND FULFILLMENT NEEDS

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory

TheoryNeeds were categorized as five levels of lower- to higher-order needs.Individuals must satisfy lower-order needs before they can satisfy higher order needs.Satisfied needs will no longer motivate.Motivating a person depends on knowing at what level that person is on the hierarchy.Hierarchy of needsLower-order (external): physiological, safetyHigher-order (internal): social, esteem, self-actualization7DissatisfactionanddemotivationNot dissatisfiedbutnot motivatedPositivesatisfactionand motivationHygiene FactorsCompany policiesQuality of supervisionRelations with othersPersonal lifeRate of payJob securityWorking conditionsMotivational FactorsAchievementCareer advancementPersonal growthJob interestRecognitionResponsibilityHerzbergs Two-Factor Theory8

Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory

TheoryA theory that identifies two sets of factors that influence job satisfaction:Motivators: Job content factors such as achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement, and the work itself. Only when motivators are present will there be satisfaction. Hygiene Factors: Job-context factors such as salary, interpersonal relations, technical supervision, working conditions, and company policies and administration. If hygiene factors arent taken care of there will be dissatisfaction.COMPARISON OF MASLOWS AND HERZBERGS MODELS Model of Maslows hierarchy of needs Herzbergs two factor Model PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS SAFETY AND SECURITY NEEDSBELONGING AND SOCIAL NEEDSESTEEM AND STATUS NEEDS SELF- ACTUALIZATION & FULFILLMENT NEEDSMaintenance factorMotivator factorRef- Newstrom, J. page no -105COMPARISON OF MASLOWS AND HERZBERGS MODELS Explanation*The similarities among the two models of human needs are quite apparent, as shown in above slide, but there are important contrasts, too. *Maslow focus on the internal needs of the employee, whereas Herzberg also identifies and differentiates the conditions (job content or job context) that could be provided for need satisfaction.*Popular interpretations of the Maslow and Herzberg models suggest that in modern societies many workers have already satisfied their lower-order needs, so they are now motivated mainly by higher-order needs and motivator. * Both models are indicate that before a manager tries to administer a reward, he or she would find it useful to discover which need or needs dominate a particular employee at the time . * In this way, all need models provide a foundation for the understanding and application of behavior modification.Ref- Newstrom, J. page no - 109Difference Between Maslows And Herzbergs Motivational TheoryIssue

MaslowHerzberg

Type of theory

Descriptive

Prescriptive

The satisfaction performance relationship

Unsatisfied needs energies behavior causes performance

Needs cause performance

Effect of need satisfaction

A satisfied need is not a motivator (except self- actualization)

A satisfied (hygiene) need is not a motivator other satisfied needs are motivator

Need order

Hierarchy of needs

No hierarchy

Ref- Aswathappa, K. P- 18712Difference Between Maslows And Herzbergs Motivational TheoryIssue

Maslow

Herzberg

Effect of pay

Pay is motivator if it satisfies needs

Pay is not motivator

View of motivation

Micro view- deals with all aspects of existence

Micro view-deals primarily with work related motivation

Worker level

Relevant for all workers

Probably more relevant to white- collar and professional workers

Ref- Aswathappa, K. P- 187REFERENCESLuthans, F. (2005). Organizational Behavior. New Delhi: Tata . Mc Gran Hill. Co.Newstrom, J. (2007). Organizational Behavior. New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India.Prasad, L.M.(2008). Organizational Behavior. New Delhi: Sultan Chand & Sonswww.slideshare.net/maryshannon/motivation-ppt-1934279www.bremertonnjrotc.com/powerpoints/leadership/maslow.ppt

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