mary czerwinski george robertson desney tan microsoft research
DESCRIPTION
Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design. Tara Matthews U.C. Berkeley. Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft Research. Peripheral Info can Help Multitaskers. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with
Peripheral Information Design
Mary Czerwinski
George Robertson
Desney Tan
Microsoft Research
Tara MatthewsU.C. Berkeley
2
Peripheral Info can Help Multitaskers
Information workers balance many tasks and interruptions and need help to maintain task flow know when to resume tasks more easily reacquire tasks
We explore peripheral information design to support these needs
3
Study: compare abstraction techniques
Change detection signals when a change has
occurred Relevant task information
pulling out and showing the most relevant content
Scaling shrunken version of all the
content
Which will most improve multitasking efficiency?
4
Results: most relevant task info…
+ benefits task flow, resumption timing, and reacquisition
+ improves multitasking performance more than either change detection or scaling
Clipping Lists performed best: like WinCuts, cuts out a relevant
portion of each task window like Scalable Fabric, arranges
clippings in the periphery
5
Outline
System design Scalable Fabric, Clipping Lists, & Change Borders
User study Results Design implications & future work
6
Our Designs: Video
7
Study Design
no Clippings Clippings
no Change Borders
Change Borders
8
Comparing Tradeoffs
no Clippings Clippings
no Change Borders
+ spatial layout
– no legible content
+ most relevant task info
– detailed visuals / text
Change Borders
+ spatial layout
+ simple visual cue for change
– limited info
+ most relevant task info
+ simple visual cue for change
9
User Study: Participants
26 users from the Seattle area (10 female) moderate to high experience using computers
and Microsoft Office-style applications
10
User Study: Tasks
Four tasks designed to mimic real world tasks Quiz - wait for modules to load Uploads - wait for documents to upload Email - wait for quiz answers and upload
task documents to arrive Puzzle - high-attention task done while
waiting
Quiz
12
User Study: Tasks
Four tasks designed to mimic real world tasks Quiz - wait for modules to load Uploads - wait for documents to upload Email - wait for quiz answers and upload
task documents to arrive Puzzle - high-attention task done while
waiting
13
Uploads
14
User Study: Tasks
Four tasks designed to mimic real world tasks Quiz - wait for modules to load Uploads - wait for documents to upload Email - wait for quiz answers and upload
task documents to arrive Puzzle - high-attention task done while
waiting
15
User Study: Tasks
Four tasks designed to mimic real world tasks Quiz - wait for modules to load Uploads - wait for documents to upload Email - wait for quiz answers and upload
task documents to arrive Puzzle - high-attention task done while
waiting
16
Puzzle
17
User Study: Tasks
Four tasks designed to mimic real world tasks Quiz - wait for modules to load Uploads - wait for documents to upload Email - wait for quiz answers and upload
task documents to arrive Puzzle - high-attention task done while
waiting
18
User Study Setup
left monitor right monitor
19
Metrics & Key Results
Metrics Overall performance Ability to maintain task flow Knowing when to resume a task Ease of reacquiring tasks User satisfaction
Key results Clipping Lists perform significantly better for all metrics Change Borders further improved performance for most
metrics, on average
20
Results: overall performance
Clipping Lists faster performanceChange Borders no significant improvement
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
21
Results: overall performance
Clipping Lists faster performanceChange Borders no significant improvement
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
22
Results: overall performance
Clipping Lists faster performanceChange Borders no significant improvement
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
23
Results: overall performance
Clipping Lists faster performanceChange Borders no significant improvement
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
24
Results: overall performance
Clipping Lists faster performanceChange Borders no significant improvement
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
25
Results: task flow
Clipping Lists better task flowChange Borders worse task flow for SF
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
26
Results: task flow
Clipping Lists better task flowChange Borders worse task flow for SF
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
27
Results: task flow
Clipping Lists better task flowChange Borders worse task flow for SF
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
28
Results: task flow
Clipping Lists better task flowChange Borders worse task flow for SF
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
29
Results: knowing when to resume
Clipping Lists trend toward resuming the Quiz task at more opportune times
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
ra
ge
T
im
e in
S
eco
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
ra
ge
T
im
e in
S
eco
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
rag
e T
ime
in
Se
co
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
rag
e T
ime
in
Se
co
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
ra
ge
T
im
e in
S
eco
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
ra
ge
T
im
e in
S
eco
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
rag
e T
ime
in
Se
co
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
rag
e T
ime
in
Se
co
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
30
Results: knowing when to resume
Clipping Lists trend toward resuming the Quiz task at more opportune times
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
ra
ge
T
im
e in
S
eco
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
ra
ge
T
im
e in
S
eco
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
rag
e T
ime
in
Se
co
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
rag
e T
ime
in
Se
co
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
ra
ge
T
im
e in
S
eco
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
ra
ge
T
im
e in
S
eco
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
rag
e T
ime
in
Se
co
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
rag
e T
ime
in
Se
co
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
31
Results: ease of reacquiring tasks
Clipping Lists easier to reacquire tasksChange Borders no significant improvement
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
32
Results: ease of reacquiring tasks
Clipping Lists easier to reacquire tasksChange Borders no significant improvement
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
33
Results: ease of reacquiring tasks
Clipping Lists easier to reacquire tasksChange Borders no significant improvement
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
34
Results: user satisfaction
Clipping List UIs rated better than those without
Change Border UIs rated better than those without
Preferred UI 17 – Clipping Lists + Change Borders 4 – Scalable Fabric + Change Borders 2 – Clipping Lists 2 – Scalable Fabric
35
Results: user satisfaction
Clipping List UIs rated better than those without
Change Border UIs rated better than those without
Preferred UI 17 – Clipping Lists + Change Borders 4 – Scalable Fabric + Change Borders 2 – Clipping Lists 2 – Scalable Fabric
36
Results: user satisfaction
Clipping List UIs rated better than those without
Change Border UIs rated better than those without
Preferred UI 17 – Clipping Lists + Change Borders 4 – Scalable Fabric + Change Borders 2 – Clipping Lists 2 – Scalable Fabric
37
Results: user satisfaction
Clipping List UIs rated better than those without
Change Border UIs rated better than those without
Preferred UI 17 – Clipping Lists + Change Borders 4 – Scalable Fabric + Change Borders 2 – Clipping Lists 2 – Scalable Fabric
38
Results Summary Clipping Lists were most effective for all metrics
Overall performance Ability to maintain task flow Knowing when to resume a task Ease of reacquiring tasks User satisfaction
Improvements are cumulative, adding up to a sizeable impact on daily multitasking productivity Clipping Lists
29 seconds faster on average Clipping Lists + Change Borders
44 seconds faster on average
39
Peripheral Design Implications
Why were Clipping Lists more effective? Provided most relevant task info
Why is this surprising? Clippings are higher in detail than Change Borders – require
more attention
Why were Change Borders relatively less effective? Change detection didn’t provide enough task info
Change Borders + Clipping Lists were most effective together
40
Peripheral Design Implications
Show enough relevant task information Even if this means more detailed visuals Combining relevant task info with simple visuals is
best
41
Future Work
Glanceable peripheral interfaces Relevant task info does not require excessive details Easy to perceive & interpret visuals should perform better Presumably, simpler visuals will be easier to perceive What is the sweet spot between simple design and
conveying relevant info?
Automatic selection of content relevant to user’s tasks
42
Summaryno Clippings Clippings
no Change Borders
+ spatial layout
– no legible content
+ most relevant task info
– detailed visuals / text
Change Borders
+ spatial layout
+ simple visual cue for change
– limited info
+ most relevant task info
+ simple visual cue for change
43
Summaryno Clippings Clippings
no Change Borders
+ spatial layout
– no legible content
+ most relevant task info
– detailed visuals / text
Change Borders
+ spatial layout
+ simple visual cue for change
– limited info
+ most relevant task info
+ simple visual cue for change
44
Summaryno Clippings Clippings
no Change Borders
+ spatial layout
– no legible content
+ most relevant task info
– detailed visuals / text
Change Borders
+ spatial layout
+ simple visual cue for change
– limited info
+ most relevant task info
+ simple visual cue for change
45
Questions?
Contact Tara [email protected]
Download Scalable Fabrichttp://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
46
Extra Slides
47
Summary
Results: showing relevant task info via Clippings best enabled users to
maintain task flow know when to resume tasks more easily reacquire tasks
Peripheral design implications: providing enough relevant task info may be more important
than very simplistic designs together, relevant task info and simplistic visuals improve
performance even more
48
Our Designs
49
Scalable Fabric Study compares Scalable Fabric and two variations of it
Clipping Lists & Change Borders We use SF since tasks span multiple applications and SF
keeps track of tasks across applications
50
Scaling: baseline condition
Previous study: Scalable Fabric performed as well as
Windows & was qualitatively preferred
Scaling benefits: convey window’s spatial layout, major
color schemes, & graphics may enable easy recognition of
windows for reacquiring tasks large updates are visible
…but virtually none of the content is legible…
51
Clipping Lists: semantic content extraction
SF scaled windows are replaced by clippings
Clippings: live window cuts, manually created by user
Task: list of clippings Benefits:
shows most relevant portion of window more readable than scaled window
Disadvantages: may provide too much info, increasing
cognitive overhead removes spatial window layout
52
Change Borders: change detection
Red Change Border Green Change BorderRed Change Border Green Change Border
red = change in progress green = change is complete
53
Change Borders: change detection
Benefits: cognitive overhead is low knowing about changes can help users know when
to resume a paused task, e.g., when waiting for important email documents to upload files to be checked in to a
version control system a compiler build to complete a large file or Web page to load
Disadvantages: change doesn’t always require a
task switch, e.g., moving Web page ads spam email