MARVELL AND LIBERTY

The Phoenix or the Resurrection of Freedom by James Barry, 1776 (detail). Andrew Marvell is depicted with Milton, Locke and Algernon Sidney amongst the mourners at the bier of Britannia, whose traditional liberties have now migrated to America(© The British Museum).

Marvell and Liberty

by

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First published in Great Britain 1999 by

MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library,

First published in the United States of America 1999 by

ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC., Scholarly and Reference Division, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Marvell and liberty I edited by Warren Chernaik and Martin Dzelzainis. p. em. Includes bibliographical references and index.

I. Marvell, Andrew, 162!-1678-Political and social views. 2. Politics and literature-Great Britain-History-17th century. 3. Political poetry, English-History and criticism. 4. Great Britain-Politics and government-1660-1688. 5. Liberty in literature. I. Chernaik, Warren L. II. Dzelzainis, Martin. PR3546.M3 7 1999 821'.4-dc2l 98-55451

CIP

Selection, editorial matter and Introduction© Warren Chernaik and Martin Dzelzainis 1999 Chapter 5 © Lyndy Abraham and Michael Wilding 1999 Chapter 7 ©John Creaser !999 Chapter 9 © Warren Chernaik 1999 Chapter 10 ©James Grantham Turner 1999 Chapter 13 ©Martin Dzelzainis !999 Chapters 2-4, 6, 8, II, 12, 14 and 15 ©Macmillan Press Ltd 1999

Softcover reprint of the hardcover lst edition 1999 978-0-333-72585-6

All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission.

No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WlP OLP.

Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.

The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources.

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6 5 04 03

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ISBN 978-1-349-40579-4DOI 10.1057/9780230376991

ISBN 978-0-230-37699-1 (eBook)

ISBN 978-0-312-22171-3

ISBN 978-0-312-22171-3

Contents

List of Illustrations vii

Acknowledgements ix

Notes on the Contributors X

1 Introduction 1 Warren Chernaik and Martin Dzelzainis

2 Marvell and Secret History 23 Annabel Patterson

3 Marvell's Ghost 50 Nicholas von Maltzahn

4 Andrew Marvell and Romantic Patriotism 75 Paul Hamilton

5 The Alchemical Republic: A Reading of' An Horatian Ode upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland' 94

Lyndy Abraham and Michael Wilding

6 Rude Heaps and Decent Order 123 Donald M. Friedman

7 'As one scap't strangely from Captivity': Marvell and Existential Liberty 145

John Creaser

8 The Prospect of History: Marvell's Landscapes in Contemporary Criticism 173

James Loxley

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vi Contents

9 'Every conqueror creates a muse': Conquest and Constitutions in Marvell and Waller 195

Warren Chernaik

10 The Libertine Abject: The 'Postures' of Last Instructions to a Painter 217

James Grantham Turner

11 'Why Transprose The Rehearsal? 249 N.H. Keeble

12 Liberty Transpros' d: Andrew Marvell and Samuel Parker 269

Jon Parkin

13 Marvell and the Earl of Castlemaine 290 Martin Dzelzainis

14 Interest, Honour, and Horatian Raillery in the Service of Liberty: An Account of the Growth of Popery 313

M. L. Donnelly

15 The Lost Rhetoric of Liberty: Marvell and Restoration Drama 334

Susan J. Owen

Index 354

List of Illustrations

Frontispiece: James Barry, The Phoenix or the Resurrection of Freedom, 1776 (detail), etching(© British Museum, London)

Chapter 5: The Alchemical Republic

1 Alchemical emblem from 'De Alchimia', c. 1526 (Ferguson Collection, Glasgow University Library) 105

2 Alchemical emblem from Petrus Bonus, Pretiosa Margarita, 1546 (Ferguson Collection, Glasgow University Library) 105

3 Salomon Trismosin, Splendor Solis, 1598, plate 10 (Ferguson Collection, Glasgow University Library) 106

4 Emblem 8, 3rd series, Johannes Mylius, Philosophia reformata, 1622 (Ferguson Collection, Glasgow University Library) 107

5 Emblem 101, Daniel Stolcius, Viridarium Clzimicum, 1624 (Ferguson Collection, Glasgow University Library) 108

Chapter 10: The Libertine Abject- see Plates 1-12 between pp. 242-243.

la-b Marcantonio Raimondi after Giulio Romano, two frag­ments of engraving from I Modi (British Museum, London)

lc Jean-Frederic-Maximilien, comte de Waldeck, wash drawing based on a version of the engravings in Plates la-b (British Museum, London)

2 Pierre Millan or Rene Boyvin, jupiter and Semele, copy of engraving by Gian Giacopo Caraglio after Rosso Fiorentino or Perino del Vaga (Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris)

3 Francesco Xanto Avelli, majolica plate with allegor­ical depiction of the sack of Rome, 1534 (Hermitage, St Petersburg)

4 Giulio Romano and assistant, jupiter, Olympias, and Philip of Macedon, fresco in the Sala di Amore e Psiche (Palazzo Te, Mantua)

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viii List of Illustrations

5 L.D., Jupiter and Semele, engraving after Francesco Primaticcio' s (lost) fresco in the Galerie Fran<;ois I, Fountainebleau (Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris)

6 Anonymous engraver, series kept under the title L'Amour au 17eme Siecle, plate 7 (Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris)

7 Ibid., plate 22 8 Anonymous engraver, Allegory on Copulation, copper

plate, Italian, fifteenth century (National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC)

9 Letter allegedly by Giovantonio di Seravalle, 1602 (detail), Tribunale Criminale del Governo, Processi 1600-19, busta 18 (Archivio del Stato, Rome)

10 Peter Paul Rubens, Henri IV Receiving the Portrait of Marie de Medicis, oil on canvas (Louvre, Paris)

11 Rubens, Marie de Medicis Landing at Marseilles, oil on canvas (Louvre, Paris)

12 Marco Dente, Venus Observed by a Satyr, engraving after Giulio Romano, related to a fresco by Raphael and assist­ants in the bathroom of Cardinal Bibbiena, Vatican (British Museum, London)

Acknowledgements

The editors would like to thank the British Academy and the School of Advanced Study, University of London, for grants in support of the international conference 'Marvell and Liberty', organized by the Centre for English Studies, held on 4-6 July 1996, from which the essays in this volume originated (in earlier versions). We would also like to thank the scholars from the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Canada, Australia, and France who attended and gave papers at the conference, and especially would wish to thank David Norbrook, Nigel Smith, Ann Baynes Coiro, Joad Raymond, Blair Worden, Paul Hammond, Roger Pooley and Jeremy Maule. We are grateful to Glasgow University Library, Department of Special Collections, for permission to publish photographs of five selected items from the Ferguson Collection; to the British Museum and the Warburg Institute for permission to publish photographic reproductions of three versions of an engraving from Marcantonio Raimondi, I Modi; to the British Museum for permission to publish a photographic reproduction of Marco Dente, Venus Observed by a Satyr; to the Bibliotheque Nationale, Service Photographique, for permission to publish photographic reproductions of engravings of Jupiter and Semele and two anonymous engravings; to Reunion des Musees Nationaux, Agence Photographique, for permission to reproduce photographs of two paintings in the Louvre by Peter Paul Rubens; and to the National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, for permission to reproduce photographs of an Allegory on Copulation. We are also grateful to the British Museum for permis­sion to publish a photographic reproduction of an etching by James Barry, The Phoenix or the Resurrection of Freedom (1776), in which Marvell is depicted as one of the heroes of liberty. The editors would like to thank Rebecca Dawson, administrative secretary of the Centre for English Studies, for her help in organizing the 1996 conference; and Tim Farmiloe, Charmian Hearne, and Julian Honer of Macmillan for their support and assistance throughout.

ix

Notes on the Contributors

Lyndy Abraham's publications include Marvell and Alchemy (1990), an edition of Arthur Dee's Fasciculus chemicus, translated by Elias Ashmole (1997), A Dictionary of Alchemical Imagery (1998), and numerous articles on alchemy and literature. She is a Research Fellow in the School of English, University of New South Wales.

Warren Chernaik recently retired as Professor of English Literature at Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, and as Programme Director of the Centre for English Studies, School of Advanced Studies, University of London. He is Visiting Professor of English at the University of Southampton and Senior Research Fellow of the Institute of English Studies. His publications include The Poetry of Limitation: A Study of Edmund Waller (1968), The Poet's Time: Politics and Religion in the Work of Andrew Marvell (1983), and Sexual Freedom in Restoration Literature (1995), as well as a number of essays on seventeenth-century English literature. He has been co­editor of several collections of essays based on seminars and confer­ences at the Centre for English Studies, including Modernist Writers and the Marketplace (published by Macmillan, 1996).

John Creaser is Hildred Carlile Professor of English Literature at Royal Holloway College, University of London, and Exec­utive Secretary of the Malone Society. He has edited work by Jonson and Middleton, and is a contributing editor to the forth­coming Cambridge Edition of the Works of Ben Jonson. Among Renaissance authors, he has written most extensively on Jonson and Milton.

M. L. Donnelly is Associate Professor of English at Kansas State University, where he has also served as Assistant Dean for Honors and teaches regularly in the Arts and Sciences Honors Program. He has contributed to The Milton Encyclopedia and The Spenser Encyclopedia, and has published articles on Donne, Marvell, Milton, Waller, and Caroline poetry. He is working on a book on classical career models for English Renaissance poets.

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Notes on the Contributors xi

Martin Dzelzainis is Senior Lecturer in English at Royal Holloway College, University of London, where he has worked since 1981. He edited Milton's Political Writings for Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought (1991) and was a major contributor to Milton and Republicanism (1995). He is currently working on The Ideological Origins of the English Revolution for Cambridge Ideas in Context. In 1999, he took up a Leverhulme Fellowship to work on The Rehearsal Trans­pros'd (1672, 1673) for the new Yale edition of Andrew Marvell's prose works under the general editorship of Professor Annabel Patterson.

Donald M. Friedman is Professor of English at the University of California at Berkeley, where he has taught since 1961. Educated at Columbia College, Trinity College, Cambridge, and Harvard University, he has taught at Harvard, Stanford and University College, London, and was a Guggenheim Fellow (1974-6). He is the author of Marvell's Pastoral Art (1970), and essays on Shakespeare, Milton, Herbert, Donne, Wyatt, and Marvell. He is currently working on the politics of poetic discourse in late Caroline England, and on representations of sense experience in early seventeenth­century English writing.

Paul Hamilton is Professor of English at Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, and was Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford (1981-91), and Professor of English at the University of Southampton. His publications include Coleridge's Poetics (1983), Wordsworth (1986), and Historicism (1996). He is currently finishing books on romanticism and on critical theory.

N. H. Keeble is Professor and Head of the Department of English Studies at the University of Stirling. He has published studies of Richard Baxter: Puritan Man of Letters (1982), and The Literary Culture of Nonconformity in Later Seventeenth-Century England (1987), a two­volume Calendar of the Correspondence of Richard Baxter (with Geoffrey F. Nuttall), a collection of original tercentenary essays on john Bunyan: Conventicle and Parnassus (1988), and editions of texts by Richard Baxter, John Bunyan, and Lucy Hutchinson. He is cur­rently working on a study of the 1660s. Professor Keeble is a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society.

James Loxley is Lecturer in English Literature at the University of Edinburgh. He was educated at the Universities of Manchester

Xll Notes on the Contributors

and London, and held a Postdoctoral Fellowship of the British Academy at the University of Leeds between 1994 and 1997. He is the author of Royalism and Poetry in the English Civil Wars (pub­lished by Macmillan, 1997) and a number of articles on seven­teenth-century verse.

Susan J. Owen is Lecturer in English Literature at the University of Sheffield. She is the author of Restoration Theatre and Crisis (1996), and of sundry articles on Restoration drama and politics and on chaos theory and literature. She is currently working on a survey of drama from 1660 to 1714 for Manchester University Press, an anthology of four Exclusion Crisis plays for Oxford University Press, and editing the Blackwell's Companion to Restoration Drama.

Jon Parkin is Junior Research Fellow at Selwyn College, Cambridge. He is the author of Science, Religion and Politics in Restoration England: Richard Cumberland's 'De Legibus Naturae' (forthcoming). He is currently writing a book on the reception of the ideas of Thomas Hobbes, entitled Taming the Leviathan.

Annabel Patterson is the Karl Young Professor of English at Yale University. Among her publications are Marvell and the Civic Crown (1978), Censorship and Interpretation (1984, 1990), Pastoral and Ideology, Virgil to Valery (1988), Shakespeare and the Popular Voice (1989), Reading between the Lines (1992), Reading Holinshed's Chronicles (1994), and Early Modern Liberalism (1997). She is editor-in-chief for the Yale edition of the Prose Works of Andrew Marvell.

James Grantham Turner is Professor of English at the University of California, Berkeley, and has taught at Oxford, Sussex, Liverpool, Virginia, Northwestern, and Michigan Universities. In addition to editing Politics, Poetics and Hermeneutics in Milton's Prose (1990) with David Loewenstein, Robert Paltock' s Life and Adventures of Peter Wilkins (1990), and Sexuality and Gender in Early Modern Europe: Institutions, Texts, Images (1993), he has written numerous articles on seventeenth- and eighteenth-century culture (including an essay on Marvell in 1978), and two books: The Politics of Landscape: Rural Scenery and Society in English Poetry, 1630-1660 (1979), and One Flesh: Paradisal Marriage and Sexual Relations in the Age of Milton (1987; second edition 1994).

Notes on the Contributors xiii

Nicholas von Maltzahn is Professor of English at the University of Ottawa. He is the author of Milton's History of Britain: Republican Historiography in the English Revolution (1991), and numerous schol­arly articles on literature and politics in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. He is currently working on a fuller study of Milton and his Readers: The Making of a National Poet, 1650-1750.

Michael Wilding's publications include Milton's 'Paradise Lost' (1969), Marvell: Modern judgements (published by Macmillan, 1969), Political Fictions (1980), Dragons Teeth: Literature in the English Revolution (1987), Social Visions (1993), Studies in Classic Australian Fiction (1996), and a dozen volumes of fiction. He holds a personal Chair in English and Australian Literature at the University of Sydney.