martokatherinebio102(ppt)
DESCRIPTION
Karner Blue ButterflyTRANSCRIPT
Karner Blue Butterfly
Katie MartoBiology 102Biology 102Biology 102
http://orchidflowers.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/animals_insects__000749_1.jpg
Plebejus melissa samuelisFeed on blue lupine Lupenis perennis
Wingspan of 1 inch
Male/female variation
Two generations per year
Found in Northeastern & Midwestern United States
Jeff Pippen, 2010
Endangered as of December 19, 2009 under U.S. Endangered Species ActFederally listed in 1992Federally listed in 1992
YannickC, 2008
Causes of Population
Decline
Wolbachia Infection
Male killing
Feminization
Sperm-egg incompatibility
Parthenogenesis
http://marksecology.blogspot.com/2011/07/cool-critter-of-month-wolbachia-not-one.html, 2011
Habitat Loss/Degradation
Land development
Wildfire
Large mammal grazing
Butterfly collection
oaksavanna.org
Kim Davis, Mike Stangeland, & Andrew Warren, 2012
Potential Solutions
Reintroduction
Habitat protection/recovery
Wisconsin Habitat Conservation Plan
Jim Shaw, 2012
Potential problems arising from “Solutions”
Possibly becomes an invasive species
Lupine plant may become invasive
Tom Bentley, 2010
Sources2012, Karner Blue Butterfly Fact Sheet, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Services, http://www.fws.gov/midwest/endangered/insects/kbb/kbb_fact.htm (October 3, 2012)
2012, Wild Blue Lupine, LOCUSART, http://www.locusart.com/?p=515 (October 3, 2012)
Allen, C. M., Leopold, D. J., Smallidge, P. J., Community characteristics and vegetation management of Karner blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) habitats on right-of-way in east-central New York, USA, Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 33:6, p.1405-1419.
Baldo, L., Clark, M. E., and Werren, J. H., 2008, Wolbachia: master manipulators of invertebrate biology, Nature Review Microbiology, v. 6, p. 741-751.
Curtis, J. T., et al., Oak Savannas, oaksavannas.org (October 3, 2012)
Davis, K. J., et al., 2012, Plebejus samuelis, Butterflies of America, http://butterfliesofamerica.com/plebejus_samuelis.htm (October 3, 2012)
Forrester, J. A., Hafner, S. D., Leopold, D. J., 2005, Critical Habitat in a Heavily Managed Landscape: Effects of Power Line Corridor Management on Karner Blue Butterfly ( Lycaeides melissa samuelis) Habitat, Restoration Ecology, v. 13:3, p. 488-498.
Kleintjes, P. K., et al., 2003, Habitat Type Conservation and Restoration for the Karner Blue Butterfly, Ecological Restoration, v. 21:2, p. 107-115.
Laurence, P., Pak Kin Chan, 2006, Assessment of potential Karner Blue Butterfly (Lycaeidis melissa samuelis) (family: Lycaedis) reintroduction sites in Ontario, Canada, Restoration Ecology, v. 14:4, p. 645-652.
SourcesNice, C. C., et al., 2009, An unseen foe in arthropod conservation efforts: The case of Wolbachia infections in the Karner blue butterfly, Biological conservation, v. 142:12, p. 3137-3146.
mehwish9, 2011, Types of Blue Butterflies, Orchid Flowers, http://orchidflowers.wordpress.com/2011/02/28/types-of-blue-butterflies/ (October 3 2012)
Stevenson, M., 2011, Cool critter of the month; Wolbachia, not one for the boys (plus why all men are doomed!), Greenview, http://marksecology.blogspot.com/2011/07/cool-critter-of-month-wolbachia-not-one.html (October 3, 2012)
YannickC, 2008, Live Specimen, Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/onlinecontributors/app;jsessionid=BC265F34C4440AFDAA3C9574184FAA45?page=ViewImageData&service=external&sp=30428&state:ImageGallery=ZH4sIAAAAAAAAAFvzloG1nJeBgYGJgYEtLz8l1TOluIiBLyuxLFEvJzEvXc8nPy%2FduvvJhDP9yveZGBi9GFjLEnNKUyuKGAQQivxKc5NSi9rWTJXlnvKgG2hURQEDCDA%2B8SoXYGDgzU1NyUx0zkksLvbMKwGaL4jQChRITU8tEnq0YMn3xnYLoBWeMCsKGeoYGEHGAABLloYmpQAAAA%3D%3D] (October 3, 2012)