Martin Luther King Jrs Birthday

1. What do you know about Martin Luther King, the American human rights activist? What do you know about other similar leaders (e.g.: Gandhi, Nelson Mandela)? What were the differences between them?

2. Look at the pictures. In pairs, try to work out what is happening and what order the pictures should be

3. Reading.

I have a dream Martin Luther King junior was born on 15 January 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. He was a precocious child and was often top of his class. One day while on the bus to school, some white passengers got on. There were no seats free and the driver forced Martin and his friend to give up their seats. I dont think I have ever been so deeply angry in my life, King later recalled. At that time there were not only separate bus seats for blacks and whites, but also separate drinking fountains, bathrooms and seats in restaurants.

While King was studying theology at university, he was impressed by the teachings of Mahatma

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Gandhi. King was convinced that the only way to fight against injustice was non-violence and non-resistance. Just before receiving his degree he became a pastor, like his father, of a Baptist church in Alabama. In 1955 an African-American woman was arrested for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white person. King organized a year-long boycott of the buses and formed a car pool of 300 cars to take black people to work. Soon King was imprisoned for conspiracy to boycott a business. Some months later the Supreme Court of the United States freed King his formula of passive resistance had won. After this incident King travelled and delivered speeches demanding equal treatment for all peoples of the United States. King founded a movement which secured black peoples right to vote, and ended the segregation of public facilities in the South. He went on to organize the massive march on Washington, where he gave his famous I have a dream speech on August 28, 1963. The following year King became the youngest person to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Early in 1968, King began to plan a multi-racial poor peoples march on Washington to demand an end to all discrimination. But he was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee on 4 April 1968, perhaps by the paid agent of FBI conspirators or white extremists. Riots and demonstrations in 125 cities protested against his killing 46 people died and over 20,000 were arrested.

4. Answer the questions a. Where and when was MLK born? b. What happened to MLK at school? c. What job did his father do? d. What did MLK study at university? e. What do you think a car pool is? f. Why was MLK sent to prison? g. Where and in which year did he give his I have a dream speech? h. What was particular about him winning the Nobel Peace Prize? i. When was he assassinated and by whom? j. How many people died and were arrested in the riots which followed his killing?

5. Song. Kings birthday was made a federal holiday in 1983 after consistent campaigning by,

among others, Stevie Wonder, who dedicated a song to MLK, Happy Birthday on his CD Master Blaster. Listen to the song You know it doesn't make much sense There ought to be a law against Anyone who takes offense At a day in your celebration 'Cause we all know in our minds That there ought to be a time That we can set aside To show just how much we love you And I'm sure you will agree It couldn't fit more perfectly Than to have a world party on the day you came to be Chorus Happy birthday to you I just never understood How a man who died for good Could not have a day that would Be set aside for his recognition Because it should never be Just because some cannot see The dream as clear as he That they should make it become an illusion And we all know everything That he stood for time will bring For in peace our hearts will sing Thanks to Martin Luther King

Chorus Why has there never been a holiday Where peace is celebrated all throughout the world The time is overdue For people like me and you You know the way to truth Is love and unity to all God's children It should be a great event And the whole day should be spent In full remembrance Of those who lived and died for the oneness of all people So let us all begin We know that love can win Let it out don't hold it in Sing it loud as you can Chorus We know the key to unity of all people Is in the dream that you had so long ago That lives in all of the hearts of people That believe in unity We'll make the dream become a reality I know we will because our hearts tell us so

6. In groups, discuss which political figure in your country (past or present) you think should be honoured with a public holiday or at least with a song!

7. Video. Watch the video and fill in the gaps

We hold these truths to be self!evident I say to you today, my ________1. And so even though we face the ________2 of today and tomorrow, I still have a ________3. It is a dream deeply rooted in the ________4 dream. I have a dream that one ________5 this nation will rise up and live out the true ________6

of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are ________7." I have a dream that one day on the ________8 of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down ________9 at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of ________10, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of ________11 and justice. I have a dream that my ________12 will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the ________13 but by the content of their character. I have a dream today! I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of "interposition" and "nullification" -- one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join ________14

with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today!