Martha RogersScience of Unitary Human Beings

Martha RogersScience of Unitary Human Beings

Argi Virgona Bangun, S.Kp.M.KepArgi Virgona Bangun, S.Kp.M.Kep

BackgroundBackgroundDiploma in nursing, 1936Bachelor of Science degree, 1937MSN from Teacher’s College, 1945Doctorate degree in science at John

Hopkins University, 1954Public Health NurseVisiting NurseHead of Nursing, NYU

Diploma in nursing, 1936Bachelor of Science degree, 1937MSN from Teacher’s College, 1945Doctorate degree in science at John

Hopkins University, 1954Public Health NurseVisiting NurseHead of Nursing, NYU

OriginsOrigins

1. Evolutionary theory

2. General systems theory

3. Physics

4. Adaptation

5. More specifically, her love of science fiction and…

6. Music (Meleis, 2007)

1. Evolutionary theory

2. General systems theory

3. Physics

4. Adaptation

5. More specifically, her love of science fiction and…

6. Music (Meleis, 2007)

Central QuestionsCentral Questions1. What is the focus of nursing?

2. What knowledge gives

nursing an identity?

3. Who is the nursing client?

4. What is the relationship between man and environment?

5. What are the phenomena of concern in nursing?

6. What knowledge is needed to develop the science of nursing?

1. What is the focus of nursing?

2. What knowledge gives

nursing an identity?

3. Who is the nursing client?

4. What is the relationship between man and environment?

5. What are the phenomena of concern in nursing?

6. What knowledge is needed to develop the science of nursing?

Four Basic Concepts (Meleis, 2007)Four Basic Concepts (Meleis, 2007)

1. Energy fields

2. Openness

3. Pattern

4. Four-dimensionality

1. Energy fields

2. Openness

3. Pattern

4. Four-dimensionality

Energy FieldsEnergy Fields

• Unit dasar dari living and non-living.• Energy refers to dynamic nature, i.e.,

continuous motion/ change.• Humans and environment do not

HAVE energy fields. THEY ARE ENERGY FIELDS.

• Unit dasar dari living and non-living.• Energy refers to dynamic nature, i.e.,

continuous motion/ change.• Humans and environment do not

HAVE energy fields. THEY ARE ENERGY FIELDS.

OpennessOpenness

• Merupakan karakteristik dari humans and environment.

• Meliputi time & space.• The energy fields of man and

environment saling terintegrasi satu sama lain.

• Merupakan karakteristik dari humans and environment.

• Meliputi time & space.• The energy fields of man and

environment saling terintegrasi satu sama lain.

PatternPattern

• Karakteristik energy field dipersepsikan sbg a single wave

• Refers only to an energy field (man and environment).

• Changes continuously.

• Karakteristik energy field dipersepsikan sbg a single wave

• Refers only to an energy field (man and environment).

• Changes continuously.

Four-DimensionalityFour-Dimensionality

Energy fields (man and environment) tidak terikat oleh time or space.

Juga disebut pandimensionality

Energy fields (man and environment) tidak terikat oleh time or space.

Juga disebut pandimensionality

Important DefinitionsImportant Definitions

Unitary: seseorang sebagai suatu kesatuan yang utuh, tdk dapat dipisah menjadi beberapa bagian

Nursing: Ketika the energy fields of man and environment are outside of time, keperawatan along a space-time continuum (Meleis, 2007).

Unitary: seseorang sebagai suatu kesatuan yang utuh, tdk dapat dipisah menjadi beberapa bagian

Nursing: Ketika the energy fields of man and environment are outside of time, keperawatan along a space-time continuum (Meleis, 2007).

Essence of TheoryEssence of TheoryThe energy field of the human being interacts

with the energy field environment. (The human being and the environment cannot be understood in isolation of each other).

Nursing Client: Human beings-environment energy fields relationship.

Nursing therapeutics: “Repatterning of man and environment for more effective fulfillment of life’s capabilities” (Meleis, 2007).

The energy field of the human being interacts with the energy field environment. (The human being and the environment cannot be understood in isolation of each other).

Nursing Client: Human beings-environment energy fields relationship.

Nursing therapeutics: “Repatterning of man and environment for more effective fulfillment of life’s capabilities” (Meleis, 2007).

Environment Energy Field

Human Being Energy Field

Clinical ApplicationsClinical ApplicationsOthers have expanded on Rogers’ theory.

Use of an assessment frameworkLiving in the Relative PresentExperiencing comfort from past/presentShared CommunicationSense of RhythmConnection to EnvironmentSense of Self-Identity

Others have expanded on Rogers’ theory.Use of an assessment framework

Living in the Relative PresentExperiencing comfort from past/presentShared CommunicationSense of RhythmConnection to EnvironmentSense of Self-Identity

Clinical Applications (cont.)Clinical Applications (cont.)Creation of Nursing Diagnoses

Disturbed Energy Field

Nursing InterventionsTherapeutic TouchMeditation/ImageryLight, Color and Music Therapy

Creation of Nursing DiagnosesDisturbed Energy Field

Nursing InterventionsTherapeutic TouchMeditation/ImageryLight, Color and Music Therapy

Scope of the Science of Unitary Human Beings

Scope of the Science of Unitary Human Beings

Relatable to ADLs and daily human needs (Meleis, 2007)

Inspiration for environment-patient interactionist theories and practice methods.

Therapeutic touchBarret’s theory of power as “knowing participation

in change” (Malinski, 2006)Zahourek’s theory of intentionality (Malinski,

2006)

Relatable to ADLs and daily human needs (Meleis, 2007)

Inspiration for environment-patient interactionist theories and practice methods.

Therapeutic touchBarret’s theory of power as “knowing participation

in change” (Malinski, 2006)Zahourek’s theory of intentionality (Malinski,

2006)

Increasing Popularity of Roger’s TheoryIncreasing Popularity of Roger’s TheoryNursing focus on holismEmpowers the patient and the

professional nurse as agents for change

Nursing focus on holismEmpowers the patient and the

professional nurse as agents for change

Conceptual ProblemsConceptual Problems“This is a theory whose complexity of the primitive concepts has undermined the clarity of the relationship between the concepts as well as the boundaries” – Meleis, p. 404.

Overly esoteric “…one is also faced with the limitations of the existing English language in describing pandimensionality of a human being field and the influence of the tremendous acceleration of change on humanity.” (Rogers, 1980a)

Conceptual Problems (cont.) Conceptual Problems (cont.) Central Concepts (i.e. energy fields) have limited practical

application.

Contraindications in the theory occur. Example: “delineating the boundary of the human field” with instruments (p. 113) but also states that the human field extends to infinity without boundaries.

Criticized as a “closed system” in which most studies are conducted and/or published within Rogerian scholar circles and publications.

Central Concepts (i.e. energy fields) have limited practical application.

Contraindications in the theory occur. Example: “delineating the boundary of the human field” with instruments (p. 113) but also states that the human field extends to infinity without boundaries.

Criticized as a “closed system” in which most studies are conducted and/or published within Rogerian scholar circles and publications.

The Science of Rogerian Nursing The Science of Rogerian Nursing Not only is nursing theory an articulation of phenomena and their relationships, but such articulation has to be communicated to colleagues in ways that make it possible to test, evaluate, interpret and use these articulations.” (Meleis, p. 41)

Rogers labeled her work as a “science”, or conceptual model. “She reinforced the idea that nursing is based on a science.”

(Meleis, p. 406) However, she was openly critical of evidence-based practice. References to quantum physics are apparent attempts to legitimize

the concepts. Existing scientific methodology fails to capture the

“immeasurable” components of the theory.

Not only is nursing theory an articulation of phenomena and their relationships, but such articulation has to be communicated to colleagues in ways that make it possible to test, evaluate, interpret and use these articulations.” (Meleis, p. 41)

Rogers labeled her work as a “science”, or conceptual model. “She reinforced the idea that nursing is based on a science.”

(Meleis, p. 406) However, she was openly critical of evidence-based practice. References to quantum physics are apparent attempts to legitimize

the concepts. Existing scientific methodology fails to capture the

“immeasurable” components of the theory.

Have any question..?Have any question..?