mars one: a hoax or a new approach for space funding?
TRANSCRIPT
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Mars One: a hoax or a new approach for space funding?
Quirijn Frederix
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Table of contents
• The idea
• Roadmap
• Issues
• Radiation• Types of radiation
• Effect on molecular level
• Radiation exposure during mission
• Radiation shielding
• Conclusion
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Table of contents
• The idea
• Roadmap
• Issues
• Radiation• Types of radiation
• Effect on molecular level
• Radiation exposure during mission
• Radiation shielding
• Conclusion
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The idea
“... It would just be the greatest adventure. Ever. We need
things that are exciting and inspiring, it can’t just be about solving some awful problem.“
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The idea
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The idea• Dutch NPO founded in 2011
• Humans on Mars by 2025
• $6 billion price tag
• Advisory board with respectable reputation
• One-way trip...
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Table of contents
• The idea
• Roadmap
• Issues
• Radiation• Types of radiation
• Effect on molecular level
• Radiation exposure during mission
• Radiation shielding
• Conclusion
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Roadmap
• Start crew selection
• 202,586 applicants
• 4 Rounds
• Right now: round 2 interviews, 663 applicants left (4 Belgians)
• Darlow Smithson Productions obtained broadcasting rights
• 6 teams of 4 will start 7-8 year training program
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Roadmap
• Start astronaut training
• 7-8 year programme
• Technical training
• Personal training
• Group training(simulation outpost)
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Roadmap
• Demonstration mission• Lander: test water extraction capabilities
and solar power generation
• Contractor: Lockheed Martin
• Communication satellite: Provide communication link with earth
• Contractor: Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd
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Roadmap
• Rover mission
• Rover and trailer: search for fitting landing place and prepare it, move future modules
• Communication satellite in L5 point
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Roadmap
• Cargo Missions
• 2 life support systems
• 2 habitable modules (including crop growth area)
• 2 supply units
• Rover will roll out solar arays, provide regolith for water production and cover modules with regolith for radiation shielding
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Roadmap
• Mars Transit Vehicle
• Transit habitat + lander + propellant tanks assembled by assembly team
• Departure of crew
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Roadmap
• Arrival on Mars
• 48-hour recovery period
• Move to habitable modules
• Connect all modules and start building the settlement
• Few weeks later; cargo for second crew arrives
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Roadmap
• Total cost: $6B, $4B per subsequent crew of 4
• Return mission estimate: $50-100B
• London Olympics; Nearly $4B in broadcasting revenue
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Table of contents
• The idea
• Roadmap
• Issues
• Radiation• Types of radiation
• Effect on molecular level
• Radiation exposure during mission
• Radiation shielding
• Conclusion
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Issues
• Ethical aspects
• Every additional crew costs $4B: is this sustainable?
• Physical state of astronauts upon arrival on Mars
• Reliability of the rovers
• Closed life support systems
• Bacterial contamination
• Psychological effects
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Table of contents
• The idea
• Roadmap
• Issues
• Radiation• Types of radiation
• Effect on molecular level
• Radiation exposure during mission
• Radiation shielding
• Conclusion
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Radiation: types of radiation
• Van Allen belts: Electrons <6MeV, Protons <250MeV
• Galactic Cosmic Radiation (GCR): Protons (85%), α-particles (12%), electrons & positrons (2%), heavy ions (1%), γ-raysanti-correlated with solar activity
• Solar Energetic Particles (SEP): “Low” energy protons & electrons, some heavy ions
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Radiation: effect on molecular level
• DNA-strand breaks
• Linear Energy Transfer (LET): 𝐿 =𝑑𝐸
𝑑𝑙
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Radiation: Characterization
• Absorbed Dose:
• Equivalent dose:
• Effective dose:
Average dose on earth = 2.8 mSv/year
𝐷 =𝑑 𝜀
𝑑𝑚
𝐻 =
𝑅
𝑊𝑅𝐷𝑅
𝐸 =
𝑇
𝑊𝑇
𝑅
𝑊𝑅𝐷𝑅
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Radiation exposure during mission
• Trip to Mars: 1.84 mSv/day (From MSL measurements, 5.4% of dose was from SEPs)
180 day trip 386 mSV
• Radiation dose on Mars: ≈0.64 mSv/day (From Curiosity measurements)
After 2 years and 8 months, limit of 1 Sv reached
Radiation shielding necessary!
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Radiation shielding
• Water reserves as radiation shield
• 5m of Martian regolith on habitable modules to limit radiation to 11 mSv/year 55 years
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Table of contents
• The idea
• Roadmap
• Issues
• Radiation• Types of radiation
• Effect on molecular level
• Radiation exposure during mission
• Radiation shielding
• Conclusion
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Conclusion
• Humans will go to Mars in the (near) future
• Mars One tries to achieve this by 2025, the mission is already in full swing but first big hurdles still need to be encountered
• Many issues remain relating to the mission plan (feasibility, ethical aspects, CLS systems,...)
• Radiation effects can be overcome to a degree though a lot of research still needs to be conducted
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