markey survey

IMPORTANT FINANCIAL PARAMETERS FOR ANALYZING BEFORE GRANTING LOAN/ADVANCES

AT STATE BANK OF INDIA

Market Survey Report submitted in Partial fulfillment of the requirements of

POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT

Submitted by:

ASTHA LAGHATE Roll No.: 383 Section: FA

Major Specialization: Finance

NEW DELHI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT TUGHLAKABAD INSTITUTIONAL AREA,

NEW DELHI (2015-2017)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Acknowledgement

2. Research Objectives

3. Preface

4. Introduction

a) Loans And Advances

b) Nature And Security of loans

c) Company Profile – STATE OF INDIA

d) Procedure for granting loans/advances

e) Documentations Required and interest rates for different kinds of

loans provided by State Bank of India

f) Important Financial parameters before granting loans/advances

g) Statistical Technique

5. Research Methodology

a) Data Collection Techniques

b) Limitations of the Study

6. Data Analysis

a) Data

b) Calculations

c) Interpretation

7. Finding And Conclusion

8. Suggestions And Recommendations

9. Bibliography

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The presentation of this project has given me an opportunity to express my profound gratitude to

all concern in guiding me. Foremost, I would like to thank Mr. Joshi (Manager of State Bank of

India, Mahavir Nagar Branch, Bhopal) for giving me an opportunity to undertake this project

work.

I would like to thank the STATE BANK OF INDIA, MAHAVIR NAGAR BRANCH,

BHOPAL staff for giving me support and the required material on time. I would also thank the

principal of our college, New Delhi Institute of Management, Tughlakabad Institutional Area,

New Delhi, for providing an opportunity to undergo a project study program.

I would like to thank PROF. CHAND TANDON and PROF. BHARAT SHARMA for

assigning me the project.

Lastly, I want to pay my hearted thanks to my friends and people who gave me their valuable

suggestions and guidance in completing my project.

ASTHA LAGHATE

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RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

Research is one of the most vital part of the survey and is related to collection of information

and knowledge.

To analyze different types of loans and advances made by State Bank of India.

To list out some important loans and advances of the bank and there interest rates and

security needed for granting loans and advances.

To study the process involved in sanctioning loans and advances to a customer

To make suggestions and recommendations based on the study.

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PREFACE Loans and Advances vary from person to person. Somebody might want to plan for his child's

education while somebody might be saving for the proverbial rainy day or even life after

retirement.

Borrowers of all categories could choose to borrow on their own in multiple options but opt for

Loans for the sole reason that all benefits come in a package. The banking industry is having its

hands full to cater to various needs of the borrowers by coming up with new plans, schemes and

options with respect to rate of returns, return policies and many other factors.

In view of the growing competition in the Loans, it was felt necessary to study the Borrowers

orientation towards Loans and Advances i.e. their pattern of risk apetite and preferences in

various schemes, plans and options in order to provide a better service,

Loan process may not be same for all Borrowers that are released by the banks..

ASTHA LAGHATE

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INTRODUCTION Meaning of Loans and Advances:

The term “loan” refers to the amount borrowed by one person from another. The amount is in the nature of loan and refers to the sum paid to the borrower. Thus, from the view point of borrower, it is ‘borrowing’ and from the view point of bank,

it is ‘lending’. Loan may be regarded as credit granted where the money is disbursed and its recovery is

made on a later date. It is a debt for the borrower. While granting loans, credit is given for a definite purpose

and for a predetermined period. Interest is charged on the loan agreed rate and intervals of payment.

‘Advance’ on the other hand, is a ‘credit facility’ granted by the bank. Banks grant advances largely for short-term purposes.

Ways of lending Loans / Advances: A. Demand Loan: A Demand Loan is a loan which is repayable on demand by the bank. In other words it is

repayable at short-notice. The entire amount of demand loan is disbursed at one time and the borrower has to pay

interest on it. The borrower can repay the loan either in lump sum (one time) or as agreed with the

bank. For example, if it is so agreed the amount of loan may be repaid in suitable installments.

Such loans are normally granted by banks against security. Demand loans are raised normally for working capital purpose like purchase of raw

materials, making payment of short-term liabilities. B. Term Loan:

Medium and long term loans are called term loans. Term loans are granted for more than a year and payment of such loans is spread over a longer period.

Term loan is required for the purpose of starting a new business activity renovation, modernization, expansion of existing units, purchase of their land for setting up a factory, construction of factory or purchase of other immovable assets.

These loans are generally secured against the mortgage of land, plant and machinery, building.

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Two Categories of Loan: From the view point of security loans, loans can be categorized into:

Secured Loan : These are those loans which are granted against the security of tangible assets, like stock in trade and immovable property. Thus, while granting loan against the security of some assets, a charge is created over the assets, a charge is created over the assets of the borrower in favor of the bank. This enables the bank to recover the dues from the customer out of the sale proceeds of the assets in case the borrower fails to repay the loan.

Unsecured Loan: These are those loans which are not covered by the security of tangible assets. Such loans are granted to firms/institutions against the personal security of the owner, manger or director.

C. Overdraft:

An overdraft is a fluctuating account wherein the balance sometimes may be in credit and at other times in debit. Overdraft facilities are allowed in current accounts only. Opening of an overdraft account requires that a current account will have to be formally opened, and the usual account opening form completed. There is no restriction, unlike in the case of loans, on drawing more than once. In fact, as many drawings and repayments are permitted as the customer would desire, provided the total amount overdrawn. As in the case of a demand loan account, the security in an overdraft account may be either personal or tangible. The tangible security may be in the form of shares, government paper, life insurance policies, fixed deposit receipts etc. i.e. paper securities. A cheque book is issued in an overdraft account.

D. Cash Credit:

A cash credit is essentially a drawing account against credit granted by the bank and is operated in the same way as a current account in which an overdraft limit has been sanctioned. The borrower can also provide alternative securities from time to time in conformity with the terms of the advance and according to his own requirements. Cash credits are normally granted against the security of goods e.g. raw materials, stock in process, finished goods. It is also granted against the security of book-debts.

NATURE AND SECURITY OF LOANS

To ensure the safety of funds lent, the first and most important factor considered by a bank is the capacity of borrower to repay the amount of loan. The bank therefore, relies primarily on the character, capacity and financial soundness of the borrower. But the bank can hardly afford to take any risk in this regard and hence it has the security of tangible assets owned by the borrower. In case the borrower fails to repay the loan, the bank can recover the amount by attaching the assets.

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It can sell the assets offered as security and realize the amount. There are various types of securities which may be offered against loans granted, but all of those are not acceptable to the banks. The types of securities generally accepted by the bank are as follows:

Tangible assets such as plant and machinery, motor-van, etc. Documents of title to goods like Railway Receipt(R/R), Bills of exchange. Life

Insurance Policy Real estate’s (Land, Building, etc.) Fixed Deposit Receipt (FDR) Gold ornaments, Jewellers, etc.

COMPANY PROFILE: STATE BANK OF INDIA State Bank of India is an Indian multinational, Public Sector banking and financial services company. It is a government-owned corporation with its headquarters in Mumbai, Maharashtra and also its corporate office in Mumbai, Maharashtra. As of December 2013, it had assets of US$388 billion and 13,000 branches, including 190 foreign offices, making it the largest banking and financial services company in India by assets Associate Banks:

State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur State Bank of Hyderabad State Bank of Mysore State Bank of Patiala State Bank of Travancore Profile: Industry: Banking, Financial Services Founded : 27 January 1921, Imperial Bank of India 1 July 1955, State Bank of India 2 June 1956, nationalization

Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Key People: Smt. Arundhati Bhattacharya (Chairperson)

Products: Consumer Banking, Corporate Banking, mortgage loans, Private banking, savings, securities, wealth management.

Revenue: Increase 210736 crore (US$31 billion) (2013) ₹ Profit: Increase 17916 crore (US$2.7 billion) (2013) ₹

Total assets: Increase 2374839 crore (US$350 billion) (2013) ₹

Total equity: Increase 203417.50 crore (US$30 billion) (2015) Owner:₹ Government of India

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Members: 286 million users with 450 million accounts (2016) Number of employees: 222,033 (2014)

PROCEDURE FOR GRANTING LOANS/ADVANCES

The procedure of applying for and sanction pf loans and advances of STATE BANK OF INDIA, MAHAVIR NAGAR BRANCH, BHOPAL is as follows: 1. Filling up loan application form:

In order to take loan from bank the borrower have to fill up a loan application form available with the bank free of cost. The loan application form contains different columns to be filled in by the applicant. It includes all information required about the borrower, purpose of loan, nature of facility required, period of repayment, nature of security offered and the financial status of the borrower. A running business limit may be required to furnish additional information in respect of: Assets and Liabilities Profit and Loss for the last 3 years The names and address of three persons (which may include borrowers, suppliers,

customers and bankers) for reference purposes. 2. Submission of form along with relevant documents:

The bank application form duly filled in should be submitted to the bank along with the relevant document.

3. Sanctioning of Loan:

The bank scrutinizes the document submitted and determines the credit worthiness of the applicant. If it is found to be feasible, the loan is sanctioned. If the loan is for Rs.5000 or less, normally the Branch Manager himself can take the decision and sanction the loan. In case the amount of loan is more than Rs.5000, the application is considered at regional, zonal or head office level, depending on the amount of loan.

4. Executing the Agreement:

When the loan is sanctioned by the bank and the borrower is informed about it, the will have to execute an agreement with the bank regarding terms and conditions for the amount of loan raised.

5. Arrangement of Security for Loan:

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The borrower will now arrange for security against the loan. These securities may be immovable properties, shares, debentures, fixed deposit receipts and other documents like Kisan Vikas Patra, National Savings Certificate, as per agreement.

DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED AND INTEREST RATES OF DIFFERENT

KINDS OF LOANS PROVIDED BY SBI

1. Home Loans: Documentation required:- Duly filled loan application. 3 passport-size photographs. Identity Proof (Voter ID Card/Passport/Driving License/Pan Card) Proof of Residence

(Current Address Proof) Bank Statement for last 6 months. Personal assets and liabilities declaration.

Borrowers' category

Home Loan interest rate, irrespective of

loan limit

EMI per Lac for 30 year

Tenor

Max gain above Rs.1 crore

CRE Max gain, irrespective of loan

limit

Women 20 bps above the BR i.e. 9.50% p.a.

Rs.841 45 bps above the BR i.e. 9.75% p.a.

65 bps above the BR i.e. 9.95% p.a.

Others 25 bps above the BR i.e. 9.55% p.a.

Rs.845 50 bps above the BR i.e. 9.80% p.a.

70 bps above the BR i.e. 10% p.a.

• Woman should be the sole applicant or one of the co-applicants for Home Loan, and also • The woman should be the sole owner or one of the co-owners of the property propose to

be financed by the Bank

2. Auto Loans: Documentation Required o Car Loan application form o

Hypothecation Agreement o Guarantee Agreement o Arrangement Letter o Power of Attorney (if required by the applicant). o Declaration Form o 2 passport size photographs o Signature identification from banker o A copy of passport / voters ID card / PAN card o Proof of residence

Scheme Name Tenure Interest rate

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For Men For Women

SBI Car Loan Scheme For All Tenure 0.55% above base rate i.e. 9.85% p.a.

0.50% above base rate i.e. 9.80% p.a.

SBI Combo Loan Scheme For All Tenure 0.55% above base rate i.e. 9.85% p.a.


NRI Car Loan For All Tenure 0.55% above base rate i.e. 9.85% p.a.


Used Car Loans Up to 3 years 7.60% above Base Rate i.e. 16.90% p.a.

Above 3 years up to 7 years

7.85% above Base Rate i.e. 17.15% p.a.

Certified Pre-owned car loan Up to 3 years 5.00% above Base Rate i.e. 14.30% p.a.

Above 3 years up to 7 years

5.00% above Base Rate i.e. 14.30% p.a.

SBI Loyalty Car Loan Scheme Car Loan, Combo Loan, NRI Car Loan

0.30% above BR i.e. 9.60% p.a.

0.25% above BR i.e. 9.55% p.a.

Certified Pre-owned Car Loan Scheme , Used Car Loan Scheme

1.60% above BR i.e. 10.90% p.a.

1.55% above BR i.e. 10.85% p.a.

SBI Nano Youth Car Loan Scheme

For All Tenure 0.80% above base rate i.e. 10.10% p.a.


Super Bike Loan Scheme For All Tenure 3.35% above base rate i.e. 12.65% p.a.

SBI Two wheeler loan For All Tenure 8.60% above Base Rate i.e. 17.90% p.a.

3. Educational Loan:

Documentation Required: Attested copies of documents for proof of age/date of birth and proof of residential

address. Passport size photo of the applicant, co-obligates and guarantors. Copy of mark sheets/degree certificates of previous academic qualifications. Income proof/latest income tax return of parents/co-obligants, guarantors. (if any) Details of collateral security along with valuation certificate of Govt approved valuer (if

any). Details/statements of Bank accounts held by the student

applicant/coobligant(s)/guarantors (if any) for the last six months.

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Copy of Passport/Visa, cost of air fare (documentary detail) in case of studies abroad.

Loan Amount Rate of Interest* For loans up to Rs.4 lacs 2% above Base Rate, currently 11.30% p.a.

Above Rs.4 lacs and up to Rs.7.50 lacs 2% above Base Rate, currently 11.30% p.a.

Above Rs.7.50 lacs 1.70% above Base Rate, currently 11.00% p.a. • *(0.50% concession in interest for girl students) • 1% concession for full tenure of the loan, if interest is serviced promptly as and

when applied during the moratorium period, including course duration#)

4. Personal Loans: Documentation Required:

Passport size photograph Proof of official address for self-employed individuals and professionals. This can include

shop and establishment certificate/Lease deed/Telephone Bill Latest Salary clip and Form 16, in the case of salaried persons.

Scheme Name Check Off Rate of Interest*

Xpress Credit Full Check-off (Category I)

340 - 390 bps above Base Rate i.e., 12.70% - 13.20% p.a. currently

Partial Check-off (Category II)


No Check-off (Category III)


SBI Pension Loans 3.90% above Base Rate, currently 13.20% p.a. Jai Jawan Pension Loan 4.75% above Base Rate, currently 14.05% p.a. SBI Saral 8. 50% above Base Rate floating, currently

17.80% p.a. Festival Loan Scheme 6.75% above Base Rate, currently 16.05% p.a. Clean Overdraft 8.25% above Base Rate, currently 17.55% p.a.

5. Gold Loans:

Documentation Required: Application form duly filled DP note delivery 2 passport size photographs Gold ornaments Letter of witness

Type of facility Rate of Interest*

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Demand Loan 2.90% above Base Rate Floating, currently 12.20% p.a.

Liquid Gold Loan Scheme – OD 2.90% above Base Rate Floating, currently 12.20% p.a.

6. Loan Against Securities: Documentation Required:

Details of loans availed from other banks/ branches for acquiring shares/ debentures. Details of loans availed from other banks/ branches against security of shares/ debentures

Loan against Time Deposit Tenure Rate of Interest*

Loan against Bank Time Deposits 1.00% over the rate paid on Relative time deposit.

Loan against NRO Fixed Deposit 1.00% over the rate paid on Relative time deposit.

Loan against NRE Fixed Deposit 1.00% over the rate paid on Relative time deposit.

Loan against Floating Rate Term Deposit 1.50% over the rate paid on Relative time deposit

Loan against security of FCNR(B) Deposit 225 bps above Base Rate i.e., 11.55% p.a. Bhagya Rekha Loan 2.00% above Base Rate, currently 11.30% p.a.

Loans against NSCs/KVPs/RBI Relief Bonds/Surrender Value of SBI Life /LIC/SBI

Magnums, etc. Tenure Rate of Interest*

Up to 3 years 4.50% above Base Rate, currently 13.80% p.a.

More than 3 years and below 6 years 4.50% above Base Rate, currently 13.80% p.a.

Loans against Shares / Debentures / Bonds

Scheme Rate of Interest* Equity Plus Scheme 6.50% above Base Rate, currently 15.80% p.a.

Loans against Shares 3.00% above Base Rate, currently 12.30% p.a.

Loans against Debentures 6.50% above Base Rate, currently 15.80% p.a.

Loan to employees to subscribe for ESOPs 6.50% above Base Rate, currently 15.80% p.a.

Loan for subscription to IPOs

Scheme Rate of Interest*

For employees qualifying under Xpress Credit 6.50% above Base Rate, currently 15.80% p.a.

For Others 7.00% above Base Rate, currently 16.30% p.a.

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Loan against units of SBI Debt Fund Series

Scheme Rate of Interest* Short Duration Loan 4.50% above Base Rate, currently 13.80% p.a. Long Duration Loan 4.50% above Base Rate, currently 13.80% p.a.

7. Loans Against Property: Documentation Required:

Last 6 months bank statements Processing fee cheque, residence Proof Qualifications Certificate (For Salaried) Proof of Signature, Photographs, proof of identity and age 3 years Income Tax returns (self and business) Property Documents & NOC from Society Proof of business existence, Income Proof Salary Slips, Form 16(For Salaried)

Loan against Mortgage and Immovable Property

Size of Credit Limit (Term Loan) Rate of Interest* For Loans up to Rs.1 Cr 2.90% above Base Rate, currently 12.60% p.a. For Loans above Rs.1 Cr 3.15% above Base Rate, currently 12.85% p.a.

Rent Plus Scheme

Loan Amount Rate of Interest* For Loans up to Rs.7.50 Cr in Metro Center and Rs.5.00 Cr in Non- Metro Center

3.25% above Base Rate, currently 12.95% p.a.

In all other cases (In case of deviation) 3.40% above Base Rate, currently 13.10% p.a.

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IMPORTANT FINANCIAL PARAMETERS BEFORE GRANTING LOANS/ADVANCES

Credit Score: The FICO score is the most common measure of a person credit worthiness. It measures payment history, debt amount, account balances and frequency of credit requests. This number is somewhere between 850-300. Anything above 700 is exceptional and a great credit risk. Above 600 is more risky and anything below 600 is a strong credit risk. Capacity: Lenders need to determine whether you can comfortably manage your payments. Your past income and employment history are good indicators of your ability to repay outstanding debt. Income amount, stability, and type of income may all be considered. The ratio of your current and any new debt as compared to your before-tax income, known as debt-toincome ratio (DTI), may be evaluated. Collateral (when applying for secured loans): Loans, lines of credit, or credit cards you apply for may be secured or unsecured. With a secured product, such as an auto or home equity loan,

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you pledge something you own as collateral. The value of your collateral will be evaluated, and any existing debt secured by that collateral will be subtracted from the value. The remaining equity will play a factor in the lending decision. Capital: While your household income is expected to be the primary source of repayment, capital represents the savings, investments, and other assets that can help repay the loan. This can be helpful if you lose your job or experience other setbacks. Conditions: Lenders may want to know how you plan to use the money and will consider the loan’s purpose, such as whether the loan will be used to purchase a vehicle or other property. Other factors, such as environmental and economic conditions, may also be considered. STATISCAL TECHNIQUES Pie Chart: a type of graph in which a circle is divided into sectors that each represent a proportion of the whole. It is a circular statistical graphic, which is divided into slices to illustrate numerical proportion. In a pie chart, the arc length of each slice

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Data Collection Technique:

Sources of data:

Primary Data: The primary data has been collected directly from the

employees of the State Bank of India, Mahavir Nagar Branch, Bhopal

Secondary Data: The secondary data has been collected from various published

and unpublished source like: Bank official websites, etc.

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Limitations of study:

• The study is limited to the extent to the data given by the bank.

• Based on limited information it is not possible to arrive at a proper conclusion.

• The interpretation of the study is not complete as primary records of the bank are

inaccessible except Annual Reports.

• The accuracy of the study depends on the accuracy of information and records provided

by the bank

DATA ANALYSIS

Home Loan:

Year Total Loans and Advances Home Loan % of total amount

2013-2014 29,82,15,200 1,26,50,501 4.53

2014-2015 30,52,10,236 2,23,45,368 6.19

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Interpretation: The percentage of home loan from the year (2013-2014) has been increased to 6.19% in the year (2014-2015) and also amount of home loan increased by Rs.9694867

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2014-2015 30,52,10,236 2,23,45,368

2013-2014 29,82,15,200 1,26,50,501

Home Loan

Auto Loan: Year Total Loans and Advances Auto Loan % of total amount

2013-2014 28,91,18,080 72,97,854 2.52

2014-2015 31,72,81,601 67,81,516 2.13

Interpretation: The percentage of auto loan from the year (2013-2014) has been decreased to 2.52% in the year (2014-2015) and also amount of home loan decreased by Rs.28163521 Educational Loan:

Year Total Loans and Advances Educational Loan % of total amount

2013-2014 29,96,19,020 73,96,786 2.58

2014-2015 32,82,45,701 70,85,616 2.19

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2014-2015 31,72,81,601 67,81,516

2013-2014 28,91,18,080 72,97,854

Auto Loan

Interpretation: The percentage of educational loan from the year (2013-2014) has been decreased to 2.58% in the year (2014-2015) and also amount of home loan decreased by Rs.28626681 Personal Loan:

Year Total Loans and Advances Personal Loan % of total amount

2013-2014 29,92,19,080 1,25,48,681 4.45

2014-2015 32,73,82,602 2,19,76,682 6.15

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2014-2015 32,82,45,701 70,85,616

2013-2014 29,96,19,020 73,96,786

Educational Loan

Interpretation: The percentage of personal loan from the year (2013-2014) has been increased to 6.15% in the year (2014-2015) and also amount of home loan increased by Rs.28163522

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2014-2015 32,73,82,602 2,19,76,682

2013-2014 29,92,19,080 1,25,48,681

Personal Loan

Gold Loan:

Interpretation:

The percentage of gold loan from the year (2013-2014) has been increased to 0.67% in the year (2014-2015) and also amount of home loan increased by Rs.28163521

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2014-2015 31,72,81,601 21,25,055

2013-2014 28,91,18,080 9,77,357

Gold Loan

Year Total Loans and Advances Gold Loan % of total amount

2013-2014 28,91,18,080 9,77,357 0.34

2014-2015 31,72,81,601 21,25,055 0.67

Loan against Securities:

Interpretation: The percentage of loan against securities from the year (2013-2014) has been increased to 6.9% in the year (2014-2015) and also amount of home loan increased by Rs.28163521

Loan against Property:

Year Total Loans and Advances Property Loan % of total amount

2013-2014 28,91,18,080 24,90,02,596 86.12

2014-2015 31,72,81,601 26,87,65,131 84.7

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2014-2015 31,72,81,601 2,18,75,209

2013-2014 28,91,18,080 1,26,47,681

Loan against Securities

Year Total Loans and Advances Securites Loan % of total amount

2013-2014 28,91,18,080 1,26,47,681 4.37

2014-2015 31,72,81,601 2,18,75,209 6.9

Interpretation: The percentage of loan against securities from the year (2013-2014) has been decreased to 84.7% in the year (2014-2015) and also amount of home loan decreased by Rs.28163521

FINDINGS

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2014-2015 31,72,81,601 26,87,65,131

2013-2014 28,91,18,080 24,90,02,596

Loan against Property

• Allocation of loans has been increased and decreased in some loans. In the two years i.e., 2013-2014 and 2014-2015

• The banks repeat loans when previous loans are refunded.

• Small enterprises are provided loans under business loan.

• The bank operations are fluctuating year by year.

• The ban has stopped giving lie bond loans to customers and the staff.

• Bank operates mostly to customers of middle class and lower middle class people.

CONCLUSIONS

The study has been conducted on “Important financial parameters for analyzing before granting loan/advances” State Bank of India, Mahavir Nagar Branch, Bhopal.

According to the objectives through the study as we know the population is been increasing day by day the more and more people will not have employment due to this, the interested people will come for loans to start their own business, but the people who are in middle class people they have the basic needs due to less income the middle class people will come to take loans to fulfill their needs, in the sense like house construction and for vehicle.

If an account holders wants they need to have the loan the bank will help the customers to have huge amount for less rate of interest. If the customer’s performance/ transaction are good in the bank the banks will provide advances, over draft etc.

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SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The profit position can be improved by reducing the interest rates on loans.

The providing of loans must be increased so it will help raising the income.

Bank has to introduce new loan schemes to encourage more and more different classes of

people.

The banks should take more steps which can secure of lending and make profits as well.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

State Bank of India profile

Finance related newspapers and journals

www.sbi.org

www.google.com

http://www.bankingrules.net/TitikshaChaturvedi/bank-lendings-and-loans

http://www.bankshare.net/Yeshurock/a-comparative-study-on-loans-and-advances

www.sebi.com

“Business Statistics” written by Naval Bajpai

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