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Market Developments of and Opportunities for Bio-‐based products and chemicals with a

focus on plant oils FEDIOL General Assembly Conference, Brussels, 2015-06-19

Michael Carus (CEO)Dr. Stephan Piotrowski

nova-Institut GmbH, Hürth (Cologne), Germany


nova-Institut GmbH – SME

Revenue shares


Selected customers from industry, associations and public as well as political institutions

Automotive Industry: Brose, BMW, Mercedes/Daimler, Dräxlmaier, Faurecia, Ford, Johnson Controls, Quadrant, VW

Chemistry, plastics and other materials:Arizona Chemical, BASF, Corbion, ESE Expert, Evonik, FKuR, GreenFuture, Honeywell, IKEA, InfraServ, KOSCHE, LEIFHEIT, LOGOCOS, Teijin

Engineering: Coperion, FERROSTAAL, Reifenhäuser, Uhde-Inventa Fischer

Consulting: AFC Consulting (DE), BLEZAT CONSULTING (FR), Clever Consult (BE), ClouPartners (DE), Ernst & Young (FR/DE), KPMG (MY), meó Consulting (DE)

Associations  /  Clusters/  NGOs: AVK, CEFIC, CLIB2021, European Bioplastics, EIHA, IAR, VHI, WWF

Ministries & Institutions: BfN (DE), BMELV (DE), DBU (DE), DEFRA (UK), DECC (UK), European Commission, FAO, FNR (DE), GIZ (DE), KfW (DE), NIA (TH), UBA (DE), Netherlands Enterprise Agency (NL), Ministry of Economic Affairs (NL)

Research Institutes: Fraunhofer UMSICHT (DE), HS Bremen (DE), IFEU (DE), INRA (FR), INNVENTIA (SE), Joint Research Centre (EU), London Imperial College (UK), Öko-Institut (DE), RAPRA (UK), VTT (FI), Wageningen UR (NL), Wuppertal Institut (DE)

Facts and Figuresabout nova-Institute

• Founded 1994 as a private and independent research institute

• 25 employees – interdisciplinary, international team

• Turnover of over 2 Mio. € / year

• Member of various associations & committees

CEN/TC 411, “Bio-based Expert Group” in DG Enterprise & Industry, technical group of the “bio-based panel” and advisory board of CLIB2021


Bio-based Economy – Services of nova-Institute


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COSMOS

• COSMOS – Camelina & crambe Oil crops as Sources for Medium-chain Oils for Specialty oleochemicals

• COSMOS receives funding from the European Community's Horizon 2020 (H2020).

• The European oleochemical industry currently relies on imported coconut and palm kernel oils and fatty acids and on castor oil as sources for medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA, C10–C14) and medium-chain polymer building blocks. These are needed for the production of plastics, surfactants, detergents, lubricants, plasticisers and other products.

• Led by Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, this 4.5-year project aims at reducing the dependence of Europe’s oleochemical industry on imported plant oils by turning camelina and crambe into profitable, sustainable, multipurpose, non-GMO European oil crops.

• In this project, nova is responsible for the techno-economic evaluation and dissemination.


Oleochemicals – definitions

• “Oleochemicals are chemicals derived from plant and animal fats. They are analogous to petrochemicals derived from petroleum.” (Wikipedia 2015)

• “The oleochemical industry makes secondary resources out of vegetable fats and oils: e.g. Fatty acids, Fatty acids esters, Fatty alcohols and Glycerine. […] By applying chemical know-how these oleochemicalsfeedstocks are converted into a wide range of chemical products for use in cosmetics, paints and inks, lubricants, biofuels, textile and leather, plastics, rubber, soaps and detergents, pharmaceuticals and many other industries.” (FEDIOL 2015)

• “Within APAG Oleochemicals and Allied Products are defined as Fatty Acids, Glycerine, Alcohols, Metallic Soaps, Fatty Nitriles & their Derivatives and Fatty Esters. Oleochemicals are made from vegetable and animal oils and fats and/or petrochemicals feedstocks.” (The European Oleochemicals And Allied Products Group 2015, www.apag.org)


Industrial Material Use of Biomass in Europe 2015

• Oleochemistry with several promising growth markets


Oleochemistry applications and growth markets


Material use of plant oils - overview

Main material application areas of plant oils are:

• Lubricants• Surfactants• Coatings & Paints• Polymers and polymer additives

Additionally to this there are some minor applications like bitumen, additives and linoleum. As a by-product of the biodiesel production also glycerol is made of plant oils and can be used in several applications, for example as a substrate in industrial biotechnology or for the production of chemicals and polymers, e.g. epichlohydrine(Solvay) or propylene glycol.


Statistics on material uses of plant oil

• According to FEDIOL, the material use of vegetable oils amounted to 1.26 mln t in 2013:

Sources: FEDIOL 2015, Geert Vanmarcke (pers. comm. 2015)


Lubricants

Lubricants are fluids or greases that are used to minimize friction in moving parts, to cool down high temperatures and transfer heat and to protect against corrosion and water.

Bio-based or partly bio-based Lubricants are used mainly for

• Greases for machines• Metal cutting liquids• Motor and engine oils• Hydraulic oils• Chain and chainsaw oils


Lubricants

Statistical data on lubricants:

• Total EU consumption of lubricating preparations between 3 million tonnes (based on Eurostat) and 4.3 million tonnes (FUCHS Competitive Intelligence 2015). Approx. 3% share of plant oils.

Source: Eurostat 2015


Lubricants

Statistical data on lubricants (source: Luther 2015, per. comm.)

• The amount of renewable raw materials in lubricants is estimated to be approx. 200,000 t (mainly small portions in conventional products, e.g. in engine oils etc.):• Hydraulic oil: ca. 10,000 t (main amount by bio-hydraulic fluids)• Greases: ca. 15,000 t (main amount by some percent RRM in conventional greases (thickener)

• Metal cutting: ca. 20,000 t (main amount by some percent RRM in conventional metal working fluids)

• Chainsaw oils: ca. 5,000 t (by far main amount by bio-chainsaw oils)

• About 10-20% of these are estimated to be based on animal fats. We therefore estimate the use of plant oils for lubricants to be around 150,000 t.


Surfactants

The area of surfactants is a diverse one that includes formulations for several applications, mainly

• Detergents and washing agents• Textile adjuvants• Additives for agrochemicals• Formulations for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals• Agents for bioremediation• Emulsifier in food and feed applications


Surfactants

Statistical data on surfactants:

• According to Eurostat data, the total production quantity of surfactants amounted to about 3.74 mln t in 2013:

Source: Eurostat 2015


Surfactants

• This amount is higher than what is reported by the European association CESIO (2.98 mln t), which, however, only represents about 85% of the European surfactants market:

• Western European consumption of bio-based surfactants was estimated to be 1,089,000 t in 2012 (Busch and Wittmeyer 2015). However, a threshold for the biomass content is just now being developed.

• Conservatively, we estimate the amount of plant oils used in surfactants to be around 400,000 t.

Source: CESIO 2015


Paints & Coatings

In the field of coatings and paints the plant oils normally are used as additives, emulsifier and liquid base. The main areas are

• Painting inks• Binders• Paint additives


Paints & Coatings

Statistical data on the EU production of paints & coatings (Eurostat):

• Paints and varnishes: 7.03 mln t• Printing inks: 1.08 mln t• Others (pigments, fillings, putty, additives etc.): 7.23 mln t• Total: 15.35 mln t

• Data on the use of vegetable oils currently very difficult to assess;; we estimate a share of EU production of no more than 3% (around 500,000 t).


Polymers and polymer additives

In polymers the plant oils are used as chemical building block as well as as additive. These include

• Polyols and polyurethanes (PUR)• Polyamides• Resins and thermosets• Adhesives• Foam materials• Plasticiser additives


Polymers and polymer additives

• For the production capacity of about 300,000 t of polyurethanes in 2013, about 60,000 to castor oil were needed.

• For the production capacity of about 16,000 t of polyamides in 2013, about 30,000 to castor oil were needed.

• For further uses of vegetable oil (resins, adhesives, foam materials, plasticiser additives) we estimate no more than 10,000 t.

Full study: www.bio-‐based.eu/markets


Other applications

• Linseed oil for linoleum:• Total EU-28 production of linoleum floor coverings in 2013: 43.8 mln m2.• For this production, ca. 42,000 t of linseed oil were used.• For comparison, an older publication (Askew 2002) estimated a linseed oil consumption of 56,000 t in the year 2003.

• Other applications (asphalt, vegecol, factice) likely do not exceed 10,000 t.

Factice (vulcanised vegetable oil), Source: Alibaba 2015

Linseed oil-based surface-binding agent Vegecol, (Source: Colas 2015)

Application of rapeseed-based asphalt (RapsAsphalt)(Source: ARGE RapsAsphalt e.V. 2015)


Future political framework

Keep the existing infrastructure with a substantial reform of the RED. The existing infrastructures of bioenergy and biofuels, which are already under pressure, could be in danger after 2020. The current infrastructure is an advantage and forms the basis of the European bio-‐based economy. It should be used, preserved and expanded by the transformation to bio-‐based chemicals and materials.Full paper: www.bio-‐based.eu/nova-‐papers


Forgotten high value oil crop: Industrial Hemp

Seeds / nuts (for Muesli …)OilHemp MilkHemp TofuProtein shakes


Thank you for your attention!

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