maritime renewable energy prospects & opportunities · maritime renewable energy prospects...
TRANSCRIPT
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Maritime Renewable Energy
Prospects & Opportunities
Prof Minoo Patel [email protected]
Tel: +44 (0) 7711 980173
Contents
Existing technologies in wave, wind and tidal energy:
Recent developments in licensing;
Conclusions.
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Personal Background
33 years of experience in offshore engineering with last 9 years of this on maritime renewable energy;
Current roles: - Head of School of Engineering at Cranfield University; - Founder and Director of BPP Technical Services Ltd; - Director of Keppel Offshore and Marine Ltd;
Research on maritime renewable energy and bio-fuels at Cranfield University;
Consultancy and technical support via BPP-Tech.
www.cranfield.ac.uk/soe www.bpp-tech.com www.keppelom.com
Maritime Renewable Energy
• Offshore wind
• Wave energy
• Tidal energy
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UK Offshore Wind; Policy & Objectives
• December 2000 : first round: 18 companies selected to built wind farms (total 1.6 GW)
• July 2003 : round 2 : total estimated of 6.4 GW
• Round 3 : total aim of 25 GW
Offshore Wind
23,000 modern offshore 5MW wind turbines would deliver on average more than the entire present UK domestic electricity demand
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Maritime Renewable Energy Resources
Overview of the Technologies
Wave Energy Devices Six Types of Wave Energy Converter:
1. Attenuator: floating device which works perpendicular to the wave direction. Movements along its length can be selectively constrained to produce energy.
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Wave energy device : Attenuator : Pelamis 750 kW
Pitching segments react against each other - hydraulic rams drive hydraulic motor and hence an electrical generation
Wave Energy Devices Six Types of Wave Energy Converter:
2. Point absorber: floating structure which absorbs energy in all directions. The power take-off system may take a number of forms, depending on the configuration of displacers/reactors.
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Wave Energy Device : Point Absorber
Ocean Power Technology’s Power Buoy
Wave Energy Device : Point Absorber 250 kW
Aquaenergy’s Hosepump Buoy supported by Finavera
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Wave Energy Devices Six Types of Wave Energy Converter:
3. Oscillating water column : Waves cause the water column to rise and fall, compressing and decompressing the air column around a turbine.
Wave Energy Device : Oscillating water column (OWC) 500 kW
Near shore - Oceanlinx (Energetech) Oscillating Water Column
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4. Overtopping device : relies on physical capture of water from waves above mean sea level. Water return to the sea through conventional low-head turbines.
Wave Energy Devices Six Types of Wave Energy Converter:
Wave Energy Device : Overtopping Wave Collector : Wave Dragon 4 MW Expected
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Wave Energy Devices Six Types of Wave Energy Converter:
5. Oscillating Wave Surge Converter : extracts the energy caused by wave surges and the movement of water particles within them.
6. Submerged pressure differential : The motion of the waves causes the oscillation of sea level and the device. The alternating pressure can then pump fluid through a system to generate electricity.
Wave Energy Devices Six Types of Wave Energy Converter:
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AWS Ocean energy Archimedes Wave swing 1 MW
• 39 x 90 foot cylinder • Within the top cylinder (floater) is
a lower cylinder (basement) which moves up and down through the floater cylinder with the motion of the waves.
• Depth 80 – 90 m
Tidal Stream Energy
1. Large resource - too big to be neglected or ignored;
2. Technical feasibility - rapid development is possible;
3. Predictability - driven by gravity - not weather;
4. Minimal environmental impact - and favourable ERoEI - <12 months.
Tidal Stream Energy
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Tidal Energy Devices Four Types of Tidal Energy Convertors
1. Horizontal axis turbine : extracts energy from moving water in much the same way as wind turbines extract energy from moving air.
Systems of More Than 1000 kW: Potentially Commercially Viable
SeaGen 1.2MW Commercial Demonstrator
mean max current 7.8kt water depth 25m ± 2m
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Systems of More Than 100 kW: Realistic Size for Practical Experience
Hammerfest Strøm 300kW - (2003 - ?)
Developers With Small Scale Physical Models Tested in Laboratories Systems Under Development
Lunar Energy
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Tidal Energy Converter: TEL DeltaStream
• Horizontal axis turbines
• No drilling on the seabed
• 5 Companies involved
• Cranfield funded by Carbon Connection Grant
• Private investors
• Ongoing work since July 06
• 1st prototype at sea in 18 months
Tidal Energy Devices Four Types of Tidal Energy Convertors
2. Venturi Effect By housing the device in a duct, this has the effect of concentrating the flow past the turbine. The flow of water can drive a turbine directly or the induced pressure differential in the system can drive an air-turbine.
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Tidal Energy Devices; Venturi Effect. Tidal Barrage: La Rance
Rance River estuary, Brittany (France)
24×10 MW bulb turbines (240 MW) Built 1966
Tidal Energy Devices Four Types of Tidal Energy Convertors
3. Oscillating Hydrofoil A hydrofoil attached to an oscillating arm and the motion is caused by the tidal current flowing either side of a wing, which results in lift. This motion can then drive fluid in a hydraulic system to be converted into electricity.
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Tidal Energy Devices Four Types of Tidal Energy Convertors
4. Vertical axis turbine : extracts energy from moving in a similar fashion to that above, however the turbine is mounted on a vertical axis.
Neptune Renewable Energy: the Neptune Proteus Mark III Prototype stage
• 6m x 6m vertical axis crossflow turbine mounted within a patented, symmetrical diffuser duct and beneath a very simple steel deck and buoyancy packages
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Maritime Renewable Energy Resources
Recent Developments in Licensing
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• http://www.bwea.com/offshore/round1.html
• Context: Round 1
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Context: Round 2
• http://www.bwea.com/offshore/round-2map.html
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Round 3
The Crown Estate
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Devices in the Water
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Legislation
‣ Strategic Environmental Assessment => three rounds of wind farms possibilities / 1 to 2.6 GW of wave and tidal stream energy… ‣ The Marine Bill and Coastal Access Bill (Royal Assent on 12/11/09) ‣ Strategic marine planning system ‣ Result in more consistency in licensing decisions ‣ Setting up a new Marine Management Organisation (MMO) for
installations < 100 MW offshore installations ‣ Development of joint Marine Policy Statement (MPS) ‣ Marine Scotland created for direct and executive responsibility
for planning and nature conservation out to 200nm to Scotland ‣ DECC and Ofgem to develop a new regulatory regime for offshore
electricity transmission for network >= 132 kV • Source: BWEA
Conclusions
• Marine renewable energy is a fast growing market in the UK stimulated by UK Government’s Renewable Order;
• Tidal energy seems to have lower cost per kWh than wave and wind;
• Large potential for offshore wind energy worldwide.