marine spatial planning and - mspglobal2030 · 2020. 11. 7. · marine spatial planning and...
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Marine Spatial Planning and Sustainable Blue Economy Development in Ghana
DISCLAIMER: The designations employed and material presented during this event do not imply the
expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any
country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or
boundaries.
The ideas and opinions expressed are the speakers’ own; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO
and do not commit the Organization.
Thursday 22 October 2020
Welcome address
Facilitator – Alberta Jonah (Ph.D.)
Bio❖ National Consultant (IOC-UNESCO) / Executive Director
(Gulf of Guinea Maritime Institute)
❖ PhD Integrated Coastal Zone Management; MSc Marine Spatial Planning
❖ Involved in Research, consultancy and advocacy for safety and security in the Gulf of Guinea maritime domain; Ecosystem assessment; Coastal and marine ecosystemconservation; Ecosystem services mapping; Developmentof zoning plans.
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The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO
1. Established in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO to:a. Promote international cooperation and to coordinateprogrammes in research, services and capacity building.b. Generate knowledge about the nature and resources of the ocean and coastal areas.c. Apply that knowledge for the improvement of management, sustainable development, protection of the marine environment, and the decision-making processes of its Member States.
2. Within the UN system, the IOC serves as the focal point for ocean observations, ocean science, ocean services and data exchange.
3. IOC is the only intergovernmental organization that has mandate to promote marine science in all ocean basins (UNCLOS)
IOC within the United Nations
MSPglobal Initiative
Joint Roadmap to accelerate Maritime/Marine Spatial Planning processes worldwide, adopted by the European
Commission's Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (DG MARE) and the IOC-UNESCO
MSPglobal is co-financed by the European Commission's European Maritime and Fisheries Fund
Objectives
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1) Provide participants with detailed information aboutMSP and its relevance in fostering a resilient blue economy in Ghana.
2) Discuss the roles of various stakeholders in developing Ghana’s Blue Economy.
3) Discuss the way forward for MSP in Ghana.
Agenda
(09:00 – 10:00) Opening Speech & Introduction
(10:00 – 10:30) Joseph K.O. Ansong
(11:00 – 11:30) Stephen Kankam
(11:45 – 12:15) Kwadwo Hwedie
(12:30 – 13:00) Discussion & Groups formation
(14:00 – 16:00) MSP Game and Group presentations
(16:15 – 17:00) Discussion on outcomes of the Game
(18:00 – 18:05) Closing
Opening speech
Speaker – Joseph K.O. Ansong
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Bio
❖ Member of the MSPglobal International Expert Group
❖ PhD Candidate – Ulster University, United Kingdom
❖ Experienced in Marine Planning research and
consultancy
❖ Involved in LEARN Marine Spatial Planning Toolkit; the
Ocean Multi-Use Action Plan; European Commission-
DG MARE technical study on cross-border MSP
consultation
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Implementing Marine Spatial Planning for the Blue Economy
Joseph Kofi Ansong
Outline of Presentation
• Marine Spatial Planning
• Blue Economy
• MSP in the context of the Blue Economy
• Reflections from the Irish MSP
• Way forward?
Marine Spatial Planning
The spatial problem
Source: Maes, F., et al,, 2005. A Flood of Space, University of Gent(Maes et al., 2005)
What is MSP?
Marine spatial planning (MSP) is a process of analysing and allocating parts of three-dimensional
marine spaces to specific uses, to achieve ecological, economic, and social objectives that are
usually specified through a political process.
(UNESCO-IOC,2009)
Towards integrated decision- making
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“Everyone has a plan until they get punched in the mouth.”― Lee Child
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What’s not MSP?
• MSP is not a universal remedy other solutions other than planning
• MSP is not single sector planning and management e.g. strategic plans for ports and maritime industries
• MSP is not ocean zoning
• MSP is not a one-time process but its iterative
• MSP is not just a map
• MSP is not an ideal and rational process but political
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Growth of MSP
By 2030 80 marine plans are expected to be approved
~ ≥33% of surface area of World’s EEZs coverage19
Source: UNESCO-IOC, 2017
No
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arine
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No “one size fits all”
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England Belgium Sweden China
Levels of planning &
Number of planning
areas
Regional
11 planning areas
National plan
1 planning area
Regional MSP guides municipal
plans
3 planning areas: Gulf of Bothnia,
Baltic Sea and Skagerrak/Kattegat
National, provincial and municipal
(county) plans
5 major sea areas,
29 key sea areas and
78 functional coastlines
Progress/
Timelines
East and South plans completed in
2011, 2018 respectively. Other plan
areas are in consultation.
2nd review of East plans, 3rd cycle
2nd plan revision, 3rd cycle Final stages of 1st marine plan 3rd plan revision, 4th cycle
Structure of the
Plan/Approach to
planning
• Visions, objectives and set of
policies
• Characterisation Areas
• No particular exclusion area
• Zoning and designating new
marine activities
• There are exclusion areas
• Current plan permits mixed uses
• National interest areas taken
into MSP plan, but MSP can
suggest new areas.
• Activities such as offshore wind
farms can be built outside the
designated areas
Marine Functional Zoning: Two-level
classification system, 8 zones and 22
subzones. New MFZ introduces:
• Marine Ecological Space (and a
redline zone where development
activities are restricted
• Marine Development
Legal Status of MSP
policies
Binding Binding Non-Binding • First generation MFZ was non-
binding (experimental)
• Subsequent MFZ generations are
binding
Lead on MSP New MSP organisation:
Marine Management Organisation
(MMO)
Led by the Ministry of the North
Sea
Plan revision by the Ministry of
Environment
Swedish Agency for Marine and
Water Management
State Oceanic Administration and
Provincial Governments
Outline of Presentation
• Marine Spatial Planning
• Blue Economy
• MSP in the context of the Blue Economy
• Reflections from the Irish MSP
• Way forward?
The Blue Economy
What is Blue Economy?
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Blue Economy refers to the sustainable development of ocean
resources (economic activities, assets, goods and services)
(Rio+20 conference)
The concept has evolved from being “business as usual” to
facilitating better stewardship-contribution to economic growth, social, cultural and environmental
well-being
Example: Seychelles
(Strategic Policy Framework and Roadmap: Charting the Future 2018-2030)
Vision: “To develop a blue economy as a means of realizing the nation’s development potential through innovation, knowledge-led approach, being mindful of the need to conserve the integrity of the Seychelles marine environment and heritage for present and future generations”
Key pillars:
Economic diversification & resilience - to reduce economic vulnerability and reliance on a small number of sectors and to increase the % GDP derived from marine sectors
Shared prosperity – Creation of high value jobs and local investment opportunities
Food security and well-being
Integrity of habitats and ecosystem services, sustainable use, and climate resilience
Outline of Presentation
• Marine Spatial Planning
• Blue Economy
• MSP in the context of the Blue Economy
• Reflections from the Irish MSP
• Way forward?
Blue Economy in the context of MSP
How can MSP deliver the Blue Economy?
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•Increased certainty for investment
•Reduced transaction
costs & administrative
burden
Conflict prevention &
mitigation
Inclusive stakeholder
participation & transparency
•Better access to information
& data
How do we get there?
1. Where are we today?✓Baseline characterisation
2. Where do we want to be?✓Vision/Objectives/outcomes✓Future scenarios
3. How do we get there?✓Management actions/plan
policies/zones
4. What have we accomplished?✓Monitoring and evaluation
MSP step by step
(IOC-UNESCO, 2009)
Outline of Presentation
• Marine Spatial Planning
• Blue Economy
• MSP in the context of the Blue Economy
• Reflections from the Irish MSP
• Way forward?
The Irish MSP
MSP in Ireland: Context
• Legislation: The MSP Directive was originally transposed into national legislation in 2016 (SI 352 of 2016). In 2018 the regulations were repealed and replaced by Part 5 of the Planning and Development (Amendment) Act 2018
• Planning Authority: Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage
• A hybrid plan: policies and definition of Strategic Maritime Activity zones
• Unique case of making series of marine legislation changes including Foreshore Act
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220 Million Acres Under the Sea. 10:1 sea to land ratio
Vision and Goals
• The visioning approach facilitates intersectoral coordination to define broader and desired future state for the entire blue economy to guide MSP
• Stakeholders are valuable sources of information for scoping and verification of results.
• Analysing the existing legislative frameworks and sector policies may highlight preferred future development trajectories to inform MSP
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Baseline Assessment
• Initial elaboration of potential high-level objectives
• Identifying data and information for uses and activities that needs to be planned for. Key evidence, Issues (sector, cross sector and sustainability)
• Involved series of stakeholder events and road-shows to increase awareness
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Defining Marine Planning Policies
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Example of MPA policy : Proposals that support the objectives and the ecological coherence of marine protected areas (MPAs) network will be supported.
Proposals that may have adverse impacts on the objectives of MPAs must demonstrate that they will, in order of preference: a) avoid, b) minimise, or c) mitigate adverse impacts.
Way Forward?
1. High-level government and political leadership!2. Define the vision, goals and targets for delivering the Blue Economy 3. Collect the best available data and evidence to shape long-term
decision making4. Ensure effective inclusion and active participation of stakeholders5. Define , weigh and prioritise the relative importance of each sector of
the blue economy including natural capital
6. Anticipating and adapting to the impacts of climate change
7. Target financial instruments for implementing the Blue Economy
8. Establish partnerships to enhance capacity building through the MSP process
Speaker – Stephen Kankam
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Bio❖ Deputy Director – Hen Mpoano
❖ PhD Candidate at the Institute for Geosciences and Geography – Martin Luther University, Germany
❖ Experienced in Research and consultancy in coastal and fisheries co-management; Integrated land use and spatial planning; Integrated Coastal Zone Management; Strategic environmental and ecosystem services assessments; G.I.S.; Environment and development programming; Climate change; Pollution
❖ In charge of Strategic direction and leadership in coastal and fisheries governance programs.
Profiling Ghana’s Coastal and Marine Sector and the Prospects for Blue Economy Development
October 22, 2020Accra
Stephen KankamHɛn Mpoano
Workshop on Marine Spatial Planning and Sustainable Blue Economy Development in Ghana
Presentation Outline
• Pillars of Ghana’s Blue Economy
• Profile of Coastal and Marine Issues – Drivers & Processes
• Practical Lessons Applying Integrated Coastal/Marine Management for Blue Economy Development in Southwestern Ghana
• Take Home Messages
Blue Economy – Pillars
Ghana’s Blue Economy Sectors
Fishing & fish processing
Ghana’s Blue Economy Sectors cont.
Agriculture &
Tourism
Ghana’s Blue Economy Sectors cont.
Gas gathering, processing, storage & trans-shipment
Profile of Issues : Drivers & Processes of Change in Southwestern
Ghana
Before 20082008-20122012 +
Issues - Drivers & Processes of Change
Impacts of Drivers & Processes
Impacts of Drivers and Processes
Impacts of Drivers and Processes
Practical Lessons - Applying ICM in Southwestern Ghana
Practical Lessons cont. – mapping & restoring wetland resources
Livelihood
Small scale fishery Mgt. Plan
Population and Health
Bridging access by boat transport Immunization
Antenatal care
Child welfare clinics
FP/RH services
Opportunities for Regional Approaches
• Implementation of Western Region Spatial Development Framework?
• Western Corridor Development Authority?
Take Home Messages
• Integrate MSP into mainstream coastal and marine management practice
• Improve coordination with all key MSP actors – private sector, traditional authorities, government agencies.
• MSP should be incremental – set clear goals, learn and adapt.
Speaker – Kwadwo Osei Hwedie
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Bio
❖ Private Consultant
❖ Member of the Commonwealth Association of
Planners; Ghana Institute of Planners
❖ Masters in Marine Spatial Planning – Universities of
Venice, Seville and Azores
❖ Experienced in Marine Planning and Sustainable blue
growth strategies; Settlement Planning
STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION
AND COOPERATION
FOR AN EFFECTIVE MSP PROCESS
Presentation outline
Introduction
Why involve stakeholder in MSP
Who are stakeholder in MSP When should stakeholders be involved/ participate in MSPHow should stakeholders be involved in MSPChallenges with stakeholder participation and cooperation Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
• A stakeholder is a party that has an interest in a company and can eitheraffect or be affected by the business
• Marine spatial planning is a public process of analyzing and allocating thespatial and temporal distribution of human activities in marine areas toachieve ecological, economic, and social objectives that usually have beenspecified through a political process (Ehler & Douvere, 2009) .
• In MSP, the term ‘Stakeholder’ is “an entity (group, person, organization,enterprise or administrative unit) with a stake in MSP - those affecting andaffected by acts of MSP (recognized as such or not)”, which includeinstitutions/authorities, NGOs, businesses, other countries, and the societyat large (Morf et al. 2017, p. 9).
• Conceptual Framework of stakeholder participation in MSP is to answer the questions:
I. Why?
II. Who?
III. When?
IV. How?
MARINE SPATIAL
PLANNING STAKEHOLDERS
Government
Civil Society Industry
WHY
WHY ACTIVELY INVOLVING STAKEHOLDERS IN MSP
• Encourages ownership of the plan, engenders trust among stakeholders anddecision-makers and voluntary compliance with rules and regulations.
• Improves understanding of the complexity (spatial, temporal) and humaninfluences of the marine management area.
• Develops a mutual and shared understanding about the problems andchallenges in the management area.
• Examines existing and potential compatibility and/or conflicts of multipleuse objectives of the management area.
WHY ACTIVELY INVOLVING STAKEHOLDERS IN MSP
• Aids the generation of new options, consensus and solutions thatmay not have been considered individually.
• Expands and diversifies the capacity of the planning team,through the inclusion of secondary and tertiary information (e.g.local knowledge and traditions).
• Increases understanding of underlying (often sector-oriented)desires, perceptions and interests that stimulate and/or prohibitintegration of policies in the management area.
WHO
WHO ARE STAKEHOLDERS IN MSP
• legal obligation or not.
• Depending on the scope and stage of a planning process (local, regional,national, transnational).
• Criteria/ assembled list Who are or will be affected by MSP decisions.
Who are dependent on the resources of the management area where.
Have or make legal claims or obligations over areas or resources.
Conduct activities that impact on areas or resources of the management area.
Have special seasonal or geographic interests in the management area.
Have a special interest in the management of the area (such as environmental NGOs and cultural advocacy groups)
Who are stakeholders in the management area
Stakeholder table/ list
STAKEHOLDER MAPPING AND ANALYSIS
Source: Morf et al. 2019
WHEN
WHEN SHOULD STAKEHOLDERS BE INVOLVED
• Pre-planning and planning for MSPOrganizing the process Defining and analyzing existing conditionsDefining and analyzing future conditions
• MSP plan development Developing the marine spatial plan
• MSP plan implementationImplementing and enforcing the marine spatial plan
• Monitoring and evaluating MSP performance
STAIRWAY OF PARTICIPATION IN MARINE SPATIAL PLANNING
Source: Morf et al. 2019
DIFFERENT KINDS OF STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION IN MSP
Source: Ehler & Douvere (2009) based on Bouamrame M. (2006)
METHODS AND TOOLS FOR STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION AND COOPERATION
• Process and interaction related tools, methods and strategies On-site visits and face to face meetings
Online meetings
Dividing up the drafting process thematically or geographically
• Content related tools and methods Maps for input and discussion
A matrix (or table) of interests
Showing and discussing plan drafts
Formal consultation on a draft plan
• Analytical and synthesising tools, methods and platforms Scenarios and scenario-building with stakeholders
Impact assessments
Cost-benefit and risk analysis
Spatial decision support systems
• Building consistent relationships
• Communicating with stakeholders
METHODS AND TOOLS FOR STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION AND COOPERATION
• Designing stakeholder meetings to suit your stakeholders purposes The format of an event The importance of location Time and timing Formal and informal events Size matters
• Interaction mattersIndividual
Bilateral meetings
Mixed (multilateral) meetings
Re-mixing
METHODS AND TOOLS FOR STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION AND COOPERATION
• Dealing with stakeholder input Requesting and processing input
Using stakeholder input in a balanced way
Deal with the internal bias
METHODS AND TOOLS FOR STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION AND COOPERATION
CHALLENGES
Challenges with stakeholder participation and cooperation
• Stakeholder awareness and mobilization
• Language and terminology (technical languages)
• Escalation of conflicts and distrust
• Time and timing issues
• Resources and capacity
• MSP is a cyclical process, requiring different types and intensities of SI at different times.
• MSP is a multi-layered process with many overlapping phases.
• Crucial questions to be asked before embarking on stakeholder participation are why, who, when and how.
• Time, resources, capacity and facilitation skills are crucial contributors to stakeholder participation.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
• Like MSP, stakeholder participation is a learning process, so don’t be afraid to try out new things or to make mistakes.
• It is a good idea to keep records and to document each step of the way –what was done, when, how, and why, and did it meet the set objectives
• At the same time, SI is not a silver bullet that will automatically lead to a fair process or a balanced outcome.
• the process of SI may be just as important as a result, e.g. building trust and discovering potential synergies amongst stakeholders.
References
• Bouamrame M. 2006. Biodiversity and stakeholders: concertation itineraries. Biosphere reserves,technical notes 1. Paris, UneSCO.
• Ehler, C., & Douvere, F. (2009). Maritime Spatial Planning. A Step-by Step Approach. TowardEcosystem-based Management. Manual and Guides No 153, ICAM Dossier No. 6. Paris:Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission UNESCO IOC, 99 pp
• Morf, A., Moodie J, Giacometti A, Kull M, Gee K, Piwowarzyk J, and Zaucha, J, Kellecioglu I,Luttmann A, Strand H, Schiele K. (2019). Towards sustainability of marine governance from astakeholder integration perspective: challenges and enablers for stakeholder involvement intransboundary Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) in the Baltic Sea Area. Ocean and CoastalManagement. Vol. 177, 1 July 2019, Pages 200-212,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.04.009
THANK YOU
MSP game
Group Exercise – MSP Game
INTRODUCTION
PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENT: The Government of Ghana has published a national plan, announcing a support-fund for marine initiatives to boost Ghana’s blue economy.
• This implies that the seas will get busier.
• There will be more competition for space and more potential for conflict.
• There are opportunities for sectors to work together to achieve mutual benefit
• We need to work across sectors (and boundaries) to make the most of what we have.
• To help highlight the challenges of working together, we are going to start with a game.
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There are 3 groups. Each Group represents a Planning Consultancy Team (PCT)
Each of the 3 PCTs has been tasked to advice Government on the following:
1. Which marine industries should be prioritized in Ghana’s MSP? List top 3 priorities.
2. What are the main conflicts (existing and potential) to be addressed in this initiative?
3. Recommend the next steps for Ghana’s MSP process to enhance Blue Economy.
***Each Group has 30 minutes to execute their tasks and 15 minutes to present their results with explanations.*** GOOD LUCK!!!
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DISCUSSION
1. Bonus points for the team which included measures for achieving good environmental status in their priority list.• Do you think conservation is critical for Ghana’s Blue Economy?
2. Challenges of working together, across sectors – Negotiation and Trade-offs (whatever approach we take, there are winners and losers).• How easy was it for members of the team to accept the suggested
priorities?• For those whose sectors were not prioritized, how did you feel? What
convinced you to give in?
3. Opportunities for synergies• Can there be synergies among some marine industries?
Thank you All
Ministry of Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation
Environmental Protection Agency
Ghana Navy
Regional Marine Centre
Regional Maritime University
National Petroleum Commission
Fisheries Commission
National Fisheries Association of Ghana Graphic Communications
Land Use and Spatial Planning Authority
Ghana Maritime AuthorityNational Development and Planning Commission
Ghana Ports and HarboursAuthority
Gulf of Guinea Maritime Institute
Private Consultants
Centre for Maritime Law and Security
CSIR-Water Research Institute
EU Delegation in GhanaMinistry of Tourism, Arts and Culture
Ghana National Commission for UNESCO
Hen Mpoano
Ulster University
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