Change in the environment of

a n t i - fouling paint marke t

As civilization progresses these days, the

kind and amount of commodities being

demanded are increasing geometrically in

comparison with those in the past.

Importance of distribution to satisfy such

need is further emphasized with the pass-

ing of time. Various commodities including

energy source such as crude oil, natural

gas, and coal, raw materials such as iron

ore and timber, food supplies such as

grains and meats, and a variety of indus-

trial goods are being transported endless-

ly by land, sea, and air even at this very

moment. What would be the most effec-

tive means in such global transport of

these commodities? Land transportation

may not clear the hurdle like the sea. Air

transportation may overcome this but is

expensive and limited in terms of the

amount of cargo. The only way to solve

such problems is the sea transportation.

Owing to the advantage that a massive

amount of commodities can be quickly

transported and distributed, sea trans-

portation industry covers approx. 80% of

worldwide cargo transport and further-

more the commodities transported by

vessel include virtually all kinds of prod-

ucts. Accordingly, efficient operation of

vessel has become an important topic in

the shipping industry from the past.

Especially, it is becoming more and more

emphasized with the high oil price that we

see today. Under this situation, it is the

new role of anti-fouling paint that begins

to draw attention.

Fuel cost constitutes the greatest part in

the vessel operation. Fuel amounting to

dozens of tons per day is required in a

severe case. Therefore, various vessel-

adhering marine organisms that increase

fuel consumption by raising weight and

resistance of the hull can be a thorn in the

side of ship-owners. The importance of

anti-fouling paint to effectively prevent

such factor has been emphasized cease-

lessly from the past. For this reason, the

issue on how to effectively prevent pollu-

tion of marine organism, that is, antifoul-

ing performance, has been a traditional

standard in assessing anti-fouling paint.

Nevertheless, with the recent high oil

price that we see, there emerged the

aspect that anti-fouling paint film, in addi-

tion to traditional anti-fouling perfor-

mance, may contribute to enhancing fuel

efficiency and improving operating effi-

ciency by reducing the frictional resistance

between hull and seawater. As a result,

such aspect has become another impor-

tant standard in the assessment of anti-

fouling paint.

Anti-fouling paint that has drawn attention

for the first time from this aspect was the

low friction anti-fouling paint that adopted

silicone elastomer technology (Foul

release A/F). Silicone low friction anti-

fouling paint prevents adhesion of marine

organisms through the application of

three properties, namely, hydrophobicity

inherent in silicone elastomer, slippery

surface, and viscoelasticity specific to

e l a s t o m e r .

Fundamental study on the technology of

silicone elastomer-based anti-fouling

paint has been conducted in the 1990s,

which started to draw the interest of pro-

gressive ship-owners as eco-friendly

future technology that doesn’t adopt

antifoulant in the beginning of 2000s.

Owing to the tendency of high oil price that

took place during that time, it led to the

state of expectancy that such product may

save a fair amount of fuel cost, and conse-

quently silicone low friction anti-fouling

paint seemed to become a typical future-

oriented anti-fouling paint.

In the late 2000s, however, anti-fouling

performance of silicone-based low friction

anti-fouling paint has been called into

question, and consequently the status of

low friction anti-fouling paint started to fall

drastically. The reports say that the fuel-

saving effect of silicone low friction anti-

fouling paint failed to meet the expectation

according to the analysis of world-leading

shipping companies based on the experi-

ence of applying it to their own vessels and

0 2 | KCC MARINE Newsletter

KCC TECHNOLOGY

KCC ’s Silyl-type SPC anti-fouling paint - EgisPa c i f i c

operating performances. A new move-

ment began to appear in the anti-fouling

paint market. It is silyl-type SPC anti-foul-

ing paint that started to take the limelight

during that time.

R e - a p p e a ra n ce of Silyl-type

SPC anti-fouling paint

Silyl-type SPC anti-fouling paint newly

attracts attention these days, but it is not a

new technology.

In the 1980s, TBT SPC anti-fouling paint

that contains organic tin showed signs of

becoming banned from the market. Since

then, a variety of Tin-free SPC anti-fouling

paint technologies have been developed as

alternatives. Silyl-type SPC anti-fouling

paint is one of those technologies, and it

has already entered the scene in the 1990s.

Tin-free SPC technology has been studied

in two aspects; metal-type SPC technolo-

gy using transition metal such as Cu, Zn,

etc. and silyl-type SPC technology using

silicone element. Market took the side of

metal-type SPC anti-fouling paint. First,

due to the high price of silicone that is the

raw material of silyl-type SPC product, it

was weak in terms of price competitive-

ness compared with metal-type SPC.

Second, there was no substantial differ-

ence between silyl-type SPC product and

metal-type SPC product in terms of anti-

fouling performance that is the standard

of ship-owners on the assessment of anti-

fouling paint.

Therefore, silyl-type SPC product was

barely surviving as it was recognized

expensive but of no advantage.

Meanwhile, as the effect of anti-fouling

paint in frictional resistance reduction was

raised as a new issue in the middle of

2000s, silyl-type SPC anti-fouling paint

came to be newly highlighted. It was

because of the effect of reducing frictional

resistance following low surface rough-

n e s s .

Although it is silicone low friction anti-

fouling paint whose surface is slippery and

whose surface roughness is low, the effect

of increased resistance arising from

marine organism sticking to hull once pol-

lution occurs to the organism surpasses

the effect of reducing the resistance by the

property of surface. Therefore, excellent

anti-fouling performance is essential for

the reduction of frictional resistance.

Based from this condition, there emerged

the aspect that SPC anti-fouling paint that

is excellent in anti-fouling performance is

advantageous in the effect of reducing

resistance compared with that of silicone

low friction anti-fouling paint.

In this extent, the new advantage of silyl-

type SPC anti-fouling paint that emerged

in comparison with met-

al-type SPC anti-fouling

paint is the effect of

reducing surface rough-

ness owing to excellent

flatness itself. In the self-

polishing property of

SPC anti-fouling paint,

metal-type SPC follows

ion-exchange reaction

mechanism by positive

ion within the seawater,

whereas silyl-type SPC

anti-fouling paint follows

hydrolysis mechanism by

hydroxide ion within the

water. Therefore, silyl-type SPC anti-foul-

ing paint conducts more stable self-pol-

ishing than metal-type SPC anti-fouling

paint, and therefore the increase in sur-

face roughness following vessel operation

is relatively low, enabling to maintain low

frictional resistance.

As a result, Silyl-type SPC anti-fouling

paint came to newly attract attention

based on its excellent anti-fouling perfor-

mance compared to that of silicone-type

low friction anti-fouling paint, and its

excellent frictional resistance reducing

effect compared to that of metal-type SPC

anti-fouling paint.

S i lyl-type SPC anti-fouling paint of

KCC - EgisPa c i f i c

Having recognized the necessity of devel-

oping Silyl-type SPC technology since the

early 2000s, KCC started to develop its own

technology. As aforementioned, however,

KCC focused on metal-type SPC anti-foul-

ing paint as silyl-type SPC anti-fouling

paint was ignored in the market due to its

extremely high price for its advantage in

property. Recently as silyl-type SPC anti-

fouling paint is attracting attention once

again, KCC began to develop silyl-type SPC

anti-fouling paint, and finally succeeded in

developing EgisAtlantic in 2009, which is

the first Silyl-type SPC anti-fouling paint of

KCC. Since then, KCC came to launch

EgisPacific designed to reinforce the mar-

ket competitiveness in 2010.

As previously mentioned, Silyl-type SPC

anti-fouling paint has already been devel-

oped and launched in the market by some

paint suppliers in the 1990s. EgisAtlantic,

which is the company’s first Silyl-type SPC

anti-fouling paint, is compliant with the

flow of such classical technology.

Silyl-type SPC anti-fouling paint has the

advantage that wear is comparatively

done and the disadvantage that the wear

itself is lower owing to its surface Hydro-

phobicity is inherent in silicone compared

2012 3r d Edition | 0 3

w w w. k c c m a r i n e . c o m

Figure 1. Classification of SPC anti-fouling paint

a) Hydrolysis pattern of metal-type SPC anti-fouling paint

b) Hydrolysis pattern of silyl-type SPC anti-fouling paint

0 4 | KCC MARINE Newsletter

KCC TECHNOLOGY

to metal-type SPC anti-fouling paint. In

order to exert optimal anti-fouling perfor-

mance, there is a need to achieve a bal-

ance between the degree of film being

polished and the leaching concentration of

antifoulant. If the polishing of film is too

low, it leaves the film lacking of anti-

foulant, and therefore it is impossible to

exert normal anti-fouling performance.

In order to address these problems, KCC

grafted its own resin synthetic technology

to the traditional Silyl-type SPC anti-foul-

ing paint technology. As a result, KCC was

able to develop the resin that retains the

advantage of Silyl-type SPC product in the

form of compact powder. In addition,

based on the experience of developing

anti-fouling paint, KCC selected and intro-

duced optimal antifoulant, and finally

developed silyl-type SPC anti-fouling paint

in the name of EgisPacific that shows a

stable polishing behavior and excellent

anti-fouling performance.

Fuel-saving effect of EgisPa c i f i c

Hydrolysis mechanism of Silyl-type SPC

anti-fouling paint is conducted more sta-

bly compared with the ion-exchange reac-

tion mechanism of existing metal-type

SPC anti-fouling paint, and therefore the

wear of film takes place more evenly.

Accordingly, the change in surface rough-

ness during the vessel operation appears

less in comparison with that of metal-type

SPC anti-fouling paint, and consequently it

results in the effect of reducing frictional

r e s i s t a n c e .

Moreover, Silyl-type SPC paint enables to

form flatter film compared with Metal-

type SPC anti-fouling paint resulting in

lower surface roughness of film immedi-

ately after its application. As a result, both

effects react together to produce the

excellent outcome of reducing frictional

r e s i s t a n c e .

The following figure shows the compari-

son of the reduction in frictional resistance

between our Metal-type SPC anti-fouling

paint and Silyl-type SPC anti-fouling paint,

which indicates the effect of reducing the

resistance in approx. 8.5% on average.

8.5% reduction in frictional resistance may

vary depending on the kind and type of ves-

sel, but it is expected that approx. 3% fuel-

saving effect can be obtained. The follow-

ing table shows the economic benefit and

C O2 gas saving effect owing to the 3% fuel-

saving effect in case of container carrier.

Under such market situation where the

efficiency of vessel operation is more and

more emphasized, EgisPacific is expected

to fully satisfy the consumers’ increasing

requirement based on its excellent anti-

fouling property and the effect of reducing

frictional resistance.

Various efforts to prove

fuel-saving effe c t

The efforts of digitizing fuel-saving effect of

anti-fouling paint have been continued

ceaselessly from the past and conse-

quently, various methods have been sug-

gested. Nevertheless, it is almost impossi-

ble to accurately digitize the actual fuel-

saving effect of anti-fouling paint owing to

the existence of too many factors such as

sea route, vessel speed, region, and water

temperature that take place in the process

of vessel being built and operated,

although theoretical analysis and elabo-

rate Lab scale test are carried out.

Therefore, as an alternative way of assess-

ing the fuel-saving effect, the method of

monitoring the actual vessel operating

data other than an experimental method

was suggested. Casper System is one of

these methods reviewed from such aspect.

Casper S y s t e m is the name of the pro-

gram that monitors vessel operating effi-

ciency provided by the Propulsion

Dynamics. Casper S y s t e m enables to

compare ‘theoretical fuel consumption

calculated based on the specification of

vessel’ with ‘fuel consumption calculated

based on vessel speed, hull resistance,

and engine output during the operation of

vessel’ so as to assess and grasp how

effectively the ship is being operated.

Moreover, in case of applying this pro-

gram to similar type ships operating in the

same route, it may be used to indirectly

compare the fuel-saving effect by the

types of anti-fouling paint.

At this point in time when the fuel-saving

effect of anti-fouling paint attracts people’s

keen attention, many ship-owners show a

lot of interest in the Casper System. In fact,

they are carrying out their own project of

assessing fuel-saving effect by makers

and types of paints through this approach.

Of the current domestic ship-owners,

some of them are preparing for the pro-

ject to verify the fuel-saving effect of Silyl-

type SPC anti-fouling paint based on

Casper Service. KCC’s EgisPacfic is also

invited to such project. In carrying out the

project, specific vessels are pre-selected

to apply our existing Metal-type SPC anti-

fouling paint and EgisPacific respectively,

and then painting works are done in

progress according to the shipbuilding

schedule. The results of actual fuel-saving

effect will be examined based on the one-

year performance of vessel operation in

the future. It is confirmed that the world’s

leading coating suppliers as well as KCC

are invited to this project. The results of

this project would serve as a good oppor-

tunity to concretely prove the fuel-saving

effect of EgisPacific following its excellent

anti-fouling property and consequent

reduction in frictional resistance.

Metal SPC Siyl SPC D r a gR e y n o l d s Cd Cd

r e d u c t i o n( % )

3,000,000 0 . 0 0 4 1 5 0 . 0 0 3 5 8 1 3 . 6

4 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 4 0 3 0 . 0 0 3 6 5 9 . 4

4 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 3 9 5 0.00361 8 . 8

5,000,000 0.00374 0.00357 4 . 3

6,000,000 0.00378 0.00356 6 . 0

Average Drag reduction 8 . 5

Figure 2. Comparison of Frictional Resistance

between Silyl-type SPC anti-fouling paint and

Metal-type SPC anti-fouling paint

2012 3r d Edition | 0 7

KCC NEWS

Report on POSIDONIA 2012, International Shipbuilding & Maritime Industry ExpoKCC participated in ‘POSIDONIA’, an interna-

tional shipbuilding and maritime industry

expo held in the Metropolitan Expo Centre,

Greece for five days from the 4th June, having

shown the stature of KCC’s marine coatings

once again in the world’s coating market.

‘POSIDONIA’ - World’s Largest Expo in Ship and Parts FieldSince its initiation in 1969, POSIDONIA has

been held every other year. It is the world’s

largest and most prestigious marine exhibi-

tions steadily attended by shipbuilders and

related machineries suppliers. Serving as the

venue where the shipbuilders and related

machinery suppliers can introduce their lat-

est products, it is known to be one of the

events that easily remind people about the

trends of ship market. POSIDONIA 2012 was

also attended by approx. 1,770 ship-related

suppliers from 92 countries in addition to

Greece, Germany, Norway, China and Japan

as well as Korean major shipbuilders such as

Hyundai, Samsung and Daewoo, proving once

again that POSIDONIA is the world’s largest

maritime exhibition.

KCC, attends the exhibitions as the leader of marine coating marketKCC has been participating in POSIDONIA

with marine coating products over four times

since 2006. This year, KCC introduced the

products and booth design that are several

notches better than those of 2010, proving

that KCC is once again the leader in the

domestic marine coating market. POSIDONIA

Expo is not only the venue for introducing the

company and its products but also the path of

new communication for all the people

engaged in ship-related business to share

their opinions and insights. In fact, the rela-

tion with the competitor is recognized from

the aspect of partnership rather than mere

c o m p e t i t i o n .

World focuses on KCC’s eco-friendly p r o d u c t sKCC booth prepared for this

exhibition was designed to

draw the visitors’ attention

through more refined per-

formance, despite utilizing

a similar concept to the one

that was prepared for KOR-

MARINE exhibition held in

Busan, Korea. The booth

definitely stood out and thus

received favorable respon-

se from domestic and over-

seas clients. Especially the

introduction of the product

names such as WH3350, EH3000, EgisPacific,

and ST1020, along with the images that prop-

erly displayed the ships inside the booth suc-

cessfully captured the visitors’ attention. In

addition, the copy of explaining the product

along with the phrase of EgisPacific was

placed on the front of the booth exterior.

Informative materials such as catalogs,

marine newsletters, and e-book related with

KCC marine coatings (CD promoting KCC

marine coating) located in the booth have

enabled anyone to obtain relevant details

about the products. Furthermore, KCC exhib-

ited eco-friendly marine coatings so as to

reflect the phase of KCC as the supplier of

eco-friendly marine coating products.

Such eco-friendly products exhibited in this

booth include WT3350 that is a water-soluble

epoxy paint designed as an eco-friendly sub-

stitute to the existing oil paint being applied to

the interior of the ship’s residential area and

engine room, and EH3000 that is a high-per-

formance eco-friendly non-solvent epoxy

anticorrosive paint designed for application to

water ballast tank and cargo hold owing to its

excellent seawater resistance and anti-corro-

s i v e n e s s .

Also, KCC introduced fuel-saving type marine

coatings that enable the reduction of the ves-

sel’s fuel cost, and such product has drawn

keen attention of the people from the world-

leading shipbuilders. KCC also exhibited other

vessel-related products such as insulating

materials, glass, and flooring, making good

use of the opportunity to promote other items

produced by KCC. Likewise, thanks to such

unique booth design and materials, KCC was

able to achieve the unexpected results where

the number of visitors to the booth exceeded

the expected number.

Phase of KCC marine coating expected to continueNotwithstanding the recent depression of

shipbuilding economy, this exhibition was

attended by a number of personnel engaged

in shipbuilding business. By attending this

exhibition and showing its innovative marine

coating products, KCC could once again

reflect the phase of KCC as the world’s leader

in marine coating market. In addition, it was

an opportunity for KCC to explore the endless

market to be developed in the world.

Furthermore, this exhibition allowed us to

think of KCC’s role in the midst of the center

of market being changed. Through this

opportunity of attending the exhibition, KCC

was able to cope with the changing market

promptly and move ahead under steam to

realize the time when KCC products are sup-

plied to all the shipbuilders across the world.

KCC in Posidonia 2012, Inte r n a t i o n a lShipbuilding & Maritime Industry Expo

KCC that attends ‘POSIDONIA’ Expo held in Greece. Business meetings werecarried out with the world’s leading shipbuilders in the 1st and 2nd KCC Booths.