marine mammals
DESCRIPTION
Marine Mammals. What is a Mammal?. Mammals have a 4 chambered heart. Mammals are warm-blooded. They have hair/fur. Have mammary glands. Give birth to live young. Pinnepeds. Ex: Seals, Walruses, Sea Lions. Marine mammals that have flippers and blubber Need to breed on land. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Marine Mammals
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Mammals have a 4 chambered heart.
Mammals are warm-blooded.
They have hair/fur. Have mammary
glands. Give birth to live
young.
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Pinnepeds• Ex: Seals, Walruses, Sea Lions.• Marine mammals that have flippers and
blubber• Need to breed on land. • Live in cold water, and have a thick
layer of blubber to keep them warm.• Mostly carnivores and feed on squid and
fish.• Streamlined bodies and are excellent
swimmers.
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Seals• Seals have rear flippers.• They move forward by
pulling themselves along the ground.
• Seals do not have ear flaps.
• There are approximately 19 species of Seals.
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Sea Lions• Are also called Eared Seals,
because they have external ear flaps.
• They can move their rear flippers forward to walk.
• They are graceful and agile swimmers.
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Walruses• Have large
protruding tusks for digging up mollusks.
• They have stiff whiskers for feeling around on the ocean floor.
• They are the largest Pinneped, weighing up to 2700 lbs!
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Sea Otters• They are the smallest Marine
Mammal, weighing 60-80 lbs.• They lack a layer of blubber, and
make up for it by trapping air in their dense fur.
• They eat mostly shell fish and spend most of the day maintaining their fur.
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Polar Bears
• They are semi aquatic, so inhabit both the land and the sea.
• They feed primarily on seals.• They have recently been put on the
endangered species list because of loss of habitat due to global warming.
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Cetaceans• These animals spend their entire lives in
the water. • They are streamlined, and look fish-like.• They breathe air through lungs and
have nostrils on the tops of their heads called a blowhole (some single, some double).
• This is the largest group of Marine Mammals, consisting of Whales , Dolphins, and Porpoises.
• There are more than 90 species divided into two groups: toothed Whales (which includes Dolphins and Porpoises), and toothless Whales which have a Baleen.
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Baleen Whales
• Instead of teeth, Baleen Whales have rows of flexible, fibrous plates, that hang from the upper jaws (called a Baleen). These are used to filter out plankton and tiny organisms from the water.
• Baleen Whales are the largest animals to ever have lived on this planet.
• There are 13 species of Baleen Whales; the Blue Whale being the largest at up to 110 ft. long, and up to 200 tons.
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Toothed Whales
• Teeth are adapted for a diet of squid, fish, and other prey and are used to catch and hold prey, not to chew it.
• There are 80 species of toothed Whales.• The largest of the toothed Whales is the
Sperm Whale, made famous by the novel “Moby Dick”.
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Dolphins
• Highly intelligent creatures, that can be easily trained, are playful, and have been known to “escort” ships.
• It is common for dolphins to get caught in fishing nets meant for other species.
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Porpoises
• Porpoises are divided in to six species.• Shorter than the average dolphin, more shy,
and they don’t tend to live as long.• Have flattened, spade-shaped teeth.
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Dall's Porpoise
Harbour Porpoise
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Narwhals• Related to bottlenose dolphins, belugas, harbor
porpoises, and orcas. • Found in Arctic coastal waters and rivers. • In males, a prominent tooth grows right through the
upper lip into a sword like, spiral tusk up to 2.7 meters long.
• Some believe it is used to impress females or to battle rival suitors.
• They travel in groups and feed on fish, shrimp, squid, and other aquatic fare.
• Inuit people hunt the narwhal for their long tusks and their skin, an important source of vitamin C
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Belugas
• Belugas are also called white whales.• Smallish (4 to 6.1 meters). • They have rounded foreheads and no dorsal
fin.• Common in the Arctic Ocean's coastal waters• Feed on fish, crustaceans, and worms. • Related to the narwhal.
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Communication• One way Cetaceans communicate
is through Echolocation (nature’s version of sonar).
• They release tiny bubbles through their blowholes and make clicking sounds to communicate with each other, determine distances, and warn others about danger.
• The Melon (fatty structure on the top of their heads) focuses and directs these sound waves.
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Breaching• When Whales leap in the air and
loudly crash on the surface of the water.
• This can be a warning signal, a way to get rid of external parasites, a fun activity, or a way of scanning the surface.
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